per
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article
Vesicourethral stricture after radical retropubic prostatectomy: Troublesome but treatable
Mohsen Ayati
1
Mohammadreza Nowroozi
2
Hassan Jamshidian
3
Elnaz Ayati
4
Reza Kaffash Nayeri
5
Mohammad Reza Lashay
6
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Background:
Vesicourethral
anastomotic stricture (VUAS) is a relatively common complication after Radical
Retropubic Prostatectomy (RRP). We reported our experience in treatment of VUAS
especially with transurethral resection of fibrosis. Methods: In a
multicentric retrospective cross-sectional study conducted between March 2006
and August 2011, 683 (RRPs) performed by two uro-oncologists, were studied.
Patients with VUAS were included in the study based on subjective urinary
symptoms and direct cystourethroscopy. VUAS was managed by Urethral Dilatation
(UD), Transurethral Incision of Stricture (TUI), Transurethral Resection of
scar (TUR) and open reconstruction .Type of treatment and its outcome were
recorded and analyzed. Data analysis was performed by SPSS version 18. Results: Of the 683(RRPs), VUAS Occurred in
58(8.9%) patients. Mean time interval between Foley catheter removal and
diagnosis of VUAS was 3.9 months, and mean time of follow up was 36.8 months.
Twenty-five patients (43.1 %) with urethral dilatation did not require further
treatment .Eighteen patients (31.03%) improved with use of transurethral
incision of stricture with or without urethral dilatation. TUR of fibrosis had
a good response in 14 (24.13%) who had not responded to UD or TUI. One patient,
who did not responded to multiple previous procedures, underwent open
reconstruction. The patient was became incontinent after surgery. Following
endoscopic treatment, incontinence was not observed in any patients. Conclusions: Although VUAS is
a bothersome complication after RRP it responds to usual endoscopic treatments
.In our experience TUR of fibrosis can be performed safely without increased
risk of incontinence.
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2807-en.pdf
Prostate cancer
Anastomotic stricture
Complications
TUR
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article
Thestudy of the effects of internet addiction on healthy lifestyle in students living in the dormitories of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2012
Agh Babak Maheri
1
Hamid Hamid Joveini
2
Mohammad Nabi Bahrami
3
Roya Sadeghi
4
Tehran University of Medical Science
Tehran University of Medical Science
Tehran University of Medical Science
Tehran University of Medical Science
Background:
With
the advancement in technology, internet addiction has become an issue which
adversely affects the healthy life style. The aim of this study was to
investigate the relations between internet addiction and health promoting
lifestyle of the students and determine the effects of internet addiction on
the health of students and to collect basic data to plan for preventing
internet addiction and to improve students’ life style. Methods:
This descriptive and analytical study was done on 250 cases (140 females and
110 males) living in the dormitories of Tehran University of Medical Sciences
in 2012. Stratified Random Sampling was used for selecting students, participation
in the study was voluntary, tools of collecting data for this study was self-reported
questionnaire consisting of three parts, the first part contained demographic
information including age, sex, marital status, employment status, educational
level, and educational status (grade point average) the second part was health
promoting lifestyle (HPLP) questionnaire (52 questions) of Walker and
colleagues and the third section of the questionnaire was “Young's Internet
Addiction”. In order to analyze the data SPSS V.19 was used and results at the
level of p<0/05 was considered significant. Results: According
to the findings of the study there is a significant relationship between
internet addiction and promoting healthy lifestyles (p<0/001), and addicts
to the internet are in adverse situation as compared to the internet users in
terms of promoting healthy lifestyles. People addicted
to the internet received significantly lower scores in spiritual growth (p<0/001),
health responsibility (p<0/001), interpersonal
relationships (p<0/001), stress management (p<0/001), physical activity (p<0/001),
and
nutrition (p<0/001) compared to ordinary users. Conclusions:
This study shows that internet addicts gain lower
score in health promoting lifestyle and reveals necessity
of interventions to correct methods of internet using and training students to
improve their lifestyle.
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2808-en.pdf
Internet addiction
Health-promoting lifestyle
Students
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article
Searching for group A streptococcal polysaccharide antigens in synovial fluid of patients with arthritis
Samileh Noorbakhsh
1
Vida Zarabi
2
Mahshid Talebi Taher
3
Azardokht Tabatabaei
4
Nazanin Ali Beik
5
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Background: Determining
the etiologic agents of septic arthritis is very important. The aim of the
present study was to determine group A streptococcal polysaccharide antigens in
synovial fluid of patients with arthritis. Methods: A cross
sectional study was conducted upon 52 cases with acute mono arthritis in
Hazrat-e-Rasool Akram hospital in Tehran, Iran (2010-2012).Gram staining,
culture and rapid antigen tests were performed (LPA) for H. influenza, S.
pneumonia, group B streptococci, N. meningitidis, E.coli and Group A
streptococcal polysaccharide antigens (Cusabio
company Austria liscence, China, ELISA) was searched in synovial samples
(negative smear and culture). p value <0.05 was considered valuable. Results: Septic arthitis was diagnosed in 34.5% that
included positive culture or gram staining in 15%, positive rapid antigen test
(LPA) in 5.7%, positive group A streptococcal polysaccharide antigens in 3.8%
of cases with negative results for other tests. Conclusions: Septic arthitis
was diagnosed in 34.6% of cases. Only 15% of
cases had positive culture or gram stain (mainly S. aureus, S. pneumonis), 5.7%
were diagnosed by rapid antigenic tests (LPA) and group A streptococcal
polysaccharide antigens (ELISA) test was positive in 3.8% of the remaining cases
(negative smear and culture). By addingthenew diagnostic methods to the
conventional culture tests for detecting common bacterial antigens (especially
streptococcus), the role of infectious organisms in evolution of acute arthitis
would be elucidated better. Streptococcal polysaccharide antigens in synovial
fluid are not defined by the immune system. The irreversible cardiac, renal, and
neurologic complications are probable. Optimal treatment of proved
streptococcal cases is recommended.
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2809-en.pdf
Group A streptococcal polysaccharide antigens (ASP Ag)
Arthritis
Septic arthritis.
per
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article
The effect of face to face education on anxiety and hemodynamic status of patients who are candidates for CABG surgery
Madineh Jasemi
1
Azad Rahmani
2
Nader Aghakhani
3
Samereh Eghtedar
4
Hamdollah Alinejad
5
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Background: Heart
disease is the most common cause of death that has increased in developing
countries. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)
surgery is one of the treatment methods in these patients that have been used
widely over the past decade. This study was performed with aim of resolving the issues related to
lack of patients' familiarity with anesthesia and surgery and inattention to
their training needs due to anxiety and dysfunction of hemodynamic
statue. Methods: In this
semi-experimental study, 124 patients who were candidates for CABG were
randomly assigned to either the test or control groups. Patients' anxiety was
evaluated by Amsterdam questioner and checklist was used for recording
hemodynamic variables. The collected data were analyzed using the paired,
independent t test and ANOVA in the SPSS. Results: There were no significant differences between
demographic variables in two groups. There were no significant differences
between patients' anxiety, hemodynamic status, educational needs at admission
time and before surgery in control group but in the intervention group, anxiety
of patients decreased after the intervention (p<0.001). Hemodynamic
variables in two groups changed before surgery (p<0.05). There was
significant relationship between gender, level of education and patients'
anxiety (p<0.05). Conclusions: Considering the
benefits of education on patient’s anxiety and hemodynamic status, more attention
should be given by health care providers to patient education.
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2810-en.pdf
Anxiety
CABG
Hemodynamic status
Face to face education
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article
Protective effects of Eriobotrya Japonica flower extracts against intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesion in male rats
Mohammad Aghasi
1
Akbar Hajizadeh Moghaddam
2
Zia Fallah Mohammadi
3
University of Mazandaran, Babolsar
University of Mazandaran, Babolsar
University of Mazandaran, Babolsar
Background: Oxidative
stress contributes to dopamine cell degeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study was performed with the aim of studying the
protective effects of Eriobotrya japonica flower extract (EJFE) on
intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesion in male rats. Methods: In this
laboratory experimental study, twenty seven rats were divided into three
groups: control, lesioned and extract treated lesioned. Lesion was induced with
injection of 250 mg/kg of intraventricullar 6-hydroxydopamine (i.c.v. 6-OHDA).
Lesioned and extract treated lesioned groups received saline and extract (200
mg/kg) three times per week for 12 weeks, intraperitoneally. Five days after
i.c.v. 6-OHDA injection, tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine levels in the
striatum were measured by ELISA method. Data was analyzed using one-way
analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Results show
that consuming the extract
significantly prevented the decrease in dopamine levels in Parkinson rats (p=
0.001), but tyrosine hydroxylase level did not change in the extract group (p=
0.86). Conclusions: The results of
this research showed that pre-treatment with
hydro alcoholic extraction of Eriobotrya japonica protected the dopaminergic
neurons against
6-OHDA lesion and may have protective role against Parkinson disease.
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2811-en.pdf
Eriobotrya japonica flower extract
6-hydroxydopamine
Rat
per
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48
article
Epidemiology of pathological jaundice and its association with demographic factors in infants born in the 22 Bahman Hospital in Gonabad, 2011
Ashraf Saber
1
Shirin Ferdowsi
2
Fariba Askari
3
Leila Farsi
4
Gonabad University of Medical Sciences
Gonabad University of Medical Sciences
Gonabad University of Medical Sciences
Gonabad University of Medical Sciences
Background: Neonatal
jaundice is a common problem which is of particular importance because of the
serious complications such as kernicterus. Identification of predisposing factors
can cause rapid diagnosis and treatment of jaundice. This study was conducted
to determine the prevalence of jaundice in the perinatal period. Methods: In this
cross-sectional study of 170 infants born in 2011 in 22 Bahman Hospital Gonabad,
non- probability sampling was used. Demographic
details such as age and gender were collected. Results were analyzed by SPSS 19 software. Results: The incidence
of neonatal jaundice was 53.5 %( 91/170). There were 48 male (52.7%) and 43
(47.3%) female infants. Most babies had mild jaundice (47.8%) and 15.2% with
severe jaundice. Most infants with
jaundice were born in a vaginal delivery. Age of mothers
of newborns with jaundice, in most cases(65.9%) were more than 25 years and
most of them had blood group O (34.1%), positive RH (89%) and second pregnancy (61.5%). No
significant statistical association was found between the demographic characteristics
of mothers and jaundice (p<0.05). Also
RH negative mothers with RH positive husbands had correlation with jaundice
(p<0.05). Conclusions: According to the
high prevalence of jaundice in Gonabad further studies with a large sample size
must be recommended in order to obtain accurate statistics on the prevalence of
jaundice in high-risk infants.
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2812-en.pdf
Neonates
Jaundice
Epidemiology
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58
article
The effect of external load on postural stability during quit standing in healthy and non-specific low back pain subjects
Hamid Reza Mokhtarinia
1
Mohammad Ali Sanjari
2
Mohammad Parnianpour
3
University of Social Welfare Rehabilitation Science
University of Social Welfare Rehabilitation Science
Sharif University of Technology
Background: The
purpose of this study was to identify the effects of external loads on balance
control during upright stance in Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) patients and
healthy adults. Methods: This study was
a qausi-experimental design. External loads were applied to 23 young, healthy
participants and 21 low back pain subjects, and effects on balance control were
characterized by Center-of-Pressure (COP) based measures. Center COP data were
used to calculate standard deviation of amplitude, standard deviation of
velocity in anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions, mean total
velocity and phase plane parameters. We used two way ANOVA to explore the
pre/post applying external load and the between groups difference. Results: The results showed that applying
external load had a significant main effect on the standard deviation of
amplitude in anterior-posterior and medio-lateral direction and
parameters. There was no interaction of load
and group in this study. Also there was no difference between two groups at the
beginning of the test. Conclusions: These data show
that wearing 10 kg of external weight in a waistcoat increases the postural
sway of subjects, which may in turn increase the likelihood of falls and
injury.
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2813-en.pdf
Postural control
Motor control
Fatigue
CLBP
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article
360 degree assessment of clinical education satisfaction in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Mehrzad Lotfi
1
Mohammad Mehdi Sagheb
2
Mitra Amini
3
Farhad Lotfi
4
Mahbobeh Saber
5
Peivand Bastani
6
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Background: As any decision making for improving the quality of clinical education depends on recognition of the present problems, as well as the inadequacies and faults from the stakeholders` points of view, this study was conducted to evaluate all the stakeholders in educational process comprehensively and estimate their satisfaction from the present system in order to illustrate a general framework of strengths and weaknesses of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods : This was a cross sectional descriptive analytic study conducted in 2011. Three separate teacher-made questionnaires were designed according to the study purpose. The first questionnaire was related to interns and residents (under and post graduate students), the second one for clinical teachers and the third belonged to the head nurses. Expert views were used in order to assess the content and face validity and test-re-test was applied for reliability checking. SPSS version 17 was used for descriptive statistics and relevant tests of t-test and Anova at the significant level of 0.05. Results: Findings showed that residents, interns and head nurses attending this study agreed more with fixed professors in only one educational center rather than the view of the professors whom had equal perspectives toward fixed or rotation status. Conclusions: As the present educational framework in Iranian educational theraputic centers can not meet the demands of the new needs and provide standard educational environment, and also according to the results of the present case in regard to the status of clinical education in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, it seems that along with attention to the recommendations of the present study change in the present system could improve the quality of education, research and therapy status in various university centers.
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2814-en.pdf
360 degree evaluation
Clinical education system
Educational therapeutic center
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
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article
The relationship between quality of life and social capital among health workers in medical and health network of Rey city in 2012
Monavvar Moradian Sorkhkolaee
1
Sima Esmaeili Shahmirzadi
2
Roya Sadeghi
3
Zahra Nikooseresht
4
Farzaneh Fard
5
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Background: Social capital, as one the social determinant of health has an effective impact on decreasing mortality in a community. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between quality of life and social capital among health workers in medical and health network of Rey city.
Methods: This study was a cross sectional design conducted in 2012.Sample size was 140 individuals selected through stratified sampling. In this study, a questionnaire was designed that included three parts socio demographic (6 items), standard SF 36 quality of life questionnaire (36 items) and Bullen’s instrument (36 items).Data was collected and analyzed by SPSS software version 18 with using with T-Test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation.
Results: Mean age of the participants was 34.28±7.44 years. There were significant associations between social capital and physical function, general health, social functioning, mental health, and vitality domains (p<0.05) while there were no significant associations between social capital and role limitations due to emotional problems and physical pain (p<0.05).
Conclusions: According to the results, the increase of social capital in a community can lead to development of quality of life among health network staff. It seems by using strategies such as social networking enhancement, security establishment, strengthen interpersonal trust, expansion of social relationship and cooperation are effective for improving quality of life among staff.
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2837-en.pdf
Quality of life
Social capital
Health workers
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article
The combination effect of methadone and haloperidol on the acquisition and expression of morphine tolerance and dependence in male mice
Zahra Kiasalari
1
Esmat yaghoutpoor
2
Mohsen Khalili
3
Samira Vahidi
4
Shahed University, Tehran
Shahed University, Tehran
Shahed University, Tehran
Shahed University, Tehran
Background: Today
opioids are used to control and relieve acute and chronic pain. However, the
incidence of both tolerance and dependence phenomena are the two major problems
in the people who take these drugs. So, in this study the combination effect of
haloperidol and methadone on the acquisition and expression of morphine
dependence and tolerance have been examined. Methods: In this
experimental study ninety-eight NMRI male mice were randomly divided into
acquisition and expression groups. Each group was divided into seven
sub-groups: control, sham (saline), methadone, haloperidol, haloperidol + methadone,
methadone + haloperidol ratio of 2 to 1 and methadone + haloperidol ratio of 1
to 2. All groups were addicted with gradually increasing doses of morphine for
7 consecutive days. All drugs, in the acquisition group were injected 30
minutes before morphine injection for 7 days and in the expression group 30
minutes before morphine injection on the 8th day (test day). Morphine tolerance
was measured by tail immersion test for 30 minutes before and after
administration of morphine on the test day. To assess the dependence, mice were
administered with naloxone and then withdrawal behaviors were observed for 30
minutes. Then data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA by sigma stat software. Results: Chronic morphine injections induced
tolerance and dependence in mice. Percentage of Maximal Possible Effect (MPE)
as a tolerance index was significantly increased in acquisition and expression
groups which received drugs combination methadone 1 + haloperidol 2 as compared
to control groups. About the dependence, the marked decrease was shown in
withdrawal behaviors in the combination therapy groups. Conclusions: However, our
results have shown that probably methadone and haloperidol combination
treatment, especially in the ratio of 1 to 2 could reduce tolerance and
dependence more than single drug treatment animal groups.
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2817-en.pdf
Tolerance
Dependence
Morphine
Methadone
Haloperidol.