Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

fa بررسی شناخت‌درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن‌آگاهی (MBCT) بر مشکلات تنظیم‌ هیجانی و کینه‌ورزی در نوجوانان دارای اختلال نافرمانی مقابله‌جویانه Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on Emotional Regulation Problems and Spitefulness in Adolescents with ODD روانشناسی بالینی Clinical Psychiatry پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"> زمینه و هدف: نوجوانان دارای «اختلال نافرمانی مقابله جویانه» در تنظیم هیجانات و کینه ورزی دچار مشکل شدید هستند. از اینرو، هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثربخشی «شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن‌آگاهی» ( Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy -MBCT) بر مشکلات تنظیم‌ هیجانی و کینه‌ورزی در نوجوانان دارای «اختلال نافرمانی مقابله‌جویانه» بود. MBCT شکل اصلاح شده‌ای از رفتار‌درمانی شناختی (CBT-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) است، که شامل شیوه‌هایی از ذهن‌آگاهی است.  روش کار: این پژوهش از نوع نیمه‌تجربی با استفاده از طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعۀ آماری تحقیق شامل کلیۀ نوجوانان دارای «اختلال نافرمانی مقابله‌جویانه» بودند، که در پاییز 1403 به مراکز درمانی روانشناسی و مشاوره دولتی و غیردولتی شیراز مراجعه می‌کردند. با نمونه‌گیری هدفمند، 30 نوجوان در دو گروه مساوی به قرار «MBCT»،  و «کنترل» قرار گرفتند. ابزار‌های پژوهش شامل: مقیاس خودگزارشی مشکلات رفتاری نوجوانان (Youth Selfreport) توسط ایشتنباخ (1978) ؛ پرسش نامۀ تنظیم‌ هیجان کودک و نوجوان (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents)؛ و مقیاس تمایلات انتقام جویانه توسط فلورس-کاماچو و همکاران (2022) (Brief Scale of Vengeful Tendencies -11) بودند. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون تجزیه و تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیره (مانکووا) استفاده شد. یافته ها: یافته‌ها نشان داد که کاربرد شناخت‌درمان مبتنی بر ذهن‌آگاهی (MBCT) بر بهبود تنظیم هیجانی و کاهش کینه‌ورزی نوجوانان تأثیرگذار است.  نتیجه‌گیری: کاربرد «شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن‌آگاهی»، درمانی مفید در هدف قرار دادن مشکلات تنظیم‌ هیجانی و کینه‌ورزی در نوجوانان دارای «اختلال نافرمانی مقابله‌جویانه» می‌باشد.          </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Background & Aims: Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is one of the most common disorders among those referred to psychological and psychiatric treatment centers which have irreversible consequences if left untreated. The aim of this study was to the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on emotional regulation problems and spitefulness in adolescents with ODD. MBCT is a modified form of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) which includes mindfulness techniques. Researchers have now recognized the role of emotion regulation and spitefulness in the development and maintenance of various types of mental disorders. Targeting vulnerabilities such as emotion regulation and spitefulness that are present in disorders such as oppositional defiant disorder in adolescents should be a priority for new treatment approaches in this group of patients. A variety of approaches have been used to treat oppositional defiant disorder, one of which is cognitive behavioral therapy (Katzman et al., 2018). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a modified form of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that incorporates elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness has been gaining attention in the West since the 1970s, and since then, more than 240 mindfulness-based programs have been conducted in North America and Europe (Kayon, 2011). Emotion regulation (another variable in the research) includes all conscious and unconscious strategies used to increase, maintain, and decrease the emotional, behavioral, and cognitive components of an emotional response (Garnevsky et al., 2001). According to research by Hayes and Feldman (2004), mindfulness training is a growing clinical intervention for enhancing emotion regulation. On the other hand, spitefulness (another variable in the study) is an important global phenomenon in interpersonal relationships (Elshat et al., 2015) and, according to DSM5, is one of the main criteria for diagnosing "oppositional defiant disorder." Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study using a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all adolescents with "oppositional defiant disorder" who were referred to government and non-government psychological treatment and counseling centers in Shiraz in the autumn of 2024. Through purposive sampling, 30 adolescents were divided into two equal groups: "MBCT" and "control". The research instruments included: the Self-Report Scale of Adolescent Behavior Problems (YSR) by Echtenbach (1978); the Child and Adolescent Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ-CA); and the Scale of Revenge Tendencies by Flores-Camacho et al. (2022) (BSVT-11). Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data. Results: The findings showed that the use of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is effective in improving emotional regulation and reducing spitefulness in adolescents. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to examine research hypotheses. Before conducting this test, a multivariate analysis of variance test was first conducted to compare the variables of emotional regulation and spitefulness in the pre-test phase in the experimental and control groups, to ensure that there was no difference in the pre-test variables in the two groups. The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of the emotional regulation dimensions (reappraisal and suppression) of the MBCT treatment group and the control group were calculated in the pre-test and post-test stages. Conclusion: The use of "mindfulness-based cognitive therapy" is a useful treatment in targeting emotional regulation problems and spitefulness in adolescents with "oppositional defiant disorder." One of the important elements in Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is "mindfulness." Investigating how mindfulness affects "emotional regulation" has been the subject of much research in the past and today, all of which are consistent with the results of the present study. In explaining this research finding that MBCT led to a significant reduction in spitefulness in adolescents with ODD, it must be acknowledged that the mechanisms underlying this therapeutic approach, and especially the mindfulness elements present in MBCT, led to this therapeutic response.</div> شناخت‌درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن‌آگاهی, تنظیم‌ هیجانی, کینه‌ورزی, اختلال نافرمان مقابله‌جویانه Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, Emotional Regulation, Spitefulness, Oppositional Defiant Disorder 1 17 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-8582-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Elnaz Baniani الناز بانیانی 3900319475328460088904 0009-0003-6503-9002 No Master's student in General Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Fa.C., Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی عمومی، گروه روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، واحد فسا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فسا، ایران zahra Tavangar Marvasti زهرا توانگر مروستی zahratavangar@iau.ac.ir 3900319475328460088905 3900319475328460088905 Yes Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Fa.C., Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran استادیار، گروه روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، واحد فسا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فسا، ایران