Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

fa اثربخشی طرحواره‌درمانی و ذهن‌آگاهی بر مکانیزم‌های دفاعی و نظم جویی شناختی هیجانی در افراد معتاد به اینترنت The Effectiveness of Schema Therapy and Mindfulness on Defense Mechanisms and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Individuals with Internet Addiction روانشناسی بالینی Clinical Psychiatry پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">زمینه و هدف: اعتیاد به اینترنت به عنوان یک مشکل رو به رشد در جوامع مدرن، می‌تواند تأثیرات مخربی بر سلامت روان و تنظیم هیجانی افراد داشته باشد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثربخشی طرحواره‌درمانی و ذهن‌آگاهی بر مکانیزم‌های دفاعی و نظم‌جویی شناختی هیجانی در افراد معتاد به اینترنت انجام شد. روش کار: روش تحقیق از نوع نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون و گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل افراد مبتلا به اعتیاد اینترنتی در شهر تهران بود که از میان آنان ۳۰ نفر به شیوه نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب و به‌صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و یک گروه کنترل گمارده شدند. گروه‌های آزمایشی به مدت 8 جلسه ۹۰ دقیقه‌ای تحت مداخله طرحواره‌درمانی و ذهن‌آگاهی قرار گرفتند، درحالی‌که گروه کنترل هیچ مداخله‌ای دریافت نکرد. یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها نشان داد که هر دو روش مداخله منجر به بهبود مکانیزم‌های دفاعی و نظم‌جویی شناختی هیجانی شدند، اما طرحواره‌درمانی تأثیر بیشتری بر این متغیرها داشت. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج بیانگر آن است که طرحواره‌درمانی با اصلاح الگوهای ناسازگار اولیه، می‌تواند راهبردهای دفاعی ناپخته را کاهش داده و نظم‌جویی شناختی هیجانی را بهبود بخشد. ازاین‌رو، پیشنهاد می‌شود که این روش در برنامه‌های درمانی افراد مبتلا به اعتیاد اینترنتی به کار گرفته شود. </div> <div> <table align="left" hspace="0" vspace="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="padding: 0in 12px; text-align: justify;" valign="top">Background & Aims:  Internet addiction is a type of obsessive-compulsive disorder that has some characteristics similar to pathological conditions. In fact, a person can be said to have an Internet addiction when they have symptoms of premature fatigue, loneliness, depression, and similar problems. Schema therapy is based on schemas, which are systematic elements of past reactions and experiences that can guide subsequent perceptions and evaluations. Schema therapy was created by Young to treat personality disorders and other personal and interpersonal problems, and its effectiveness has been confirmed. This therapy combines elements from the schema, Gestalt, psychoanalysis, object relations, attachment, and structuralism schools of psychoanalysis in the form of a therapeutic model. Using schema therapy increases feelings of worth, competence, competence, positivity, and self-confidence. Mindfulness is a meditative therapy that combines mindfulness meditation and psychological exercises. It includes a set of techniques and methods that allow a person to face events that occur here and now without judgment, consciously, and without evaluation. In this type of therapy, people learn to simply observe their mental processes, feelings, thoughts, and bodily sensations, which may result in negative emotions (such as fear and anxiety, catastrophic thoughts, and rumination about the future) and negative bodily sensations (such as pain from chronic diseases). Thus, it can be seen that treatment protocols are mainly of a combined type and usually use two approaches simultaneously. Cognitive emotion regulation involves internal and external processes responsible for monitoring, evaluating, and modifying emotional responses, particularly their intensity and duration, in order to achieve goals. This concept refers to the process by which emotional experience is modified, evaluated, revised, and maintained. Integrating mindfulness with various therapeutic approaches has attracted the attention of therapists in recent decades, such that behavioral therapy is considered to have three waves: the first wave includes classical behavioral therapy, the second wave combines behavioral therapy with cognition, and the third wave combines behavioral therapy with mindfulness. Internet addiction, as an increasing issue in modern societies, can have detrimental effects on individuals' mental health and emotional regulation. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of schema therapy and mindfulness on defense mechanisms and cognitive emotion regulation in individuals addicted to the internet. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included individuals with internet addiction in Tehran, from which 30 participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The experimental groups underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes each, receiving either schema therapy or mindfulness intervention, while the control group received no intervention. Results:  Mindfulness can also help reduce Internet addiction because the individual learns to consciously and effectively deal with negative emotions rather than resorting to the virtual world to escape them. Taken together, schema therapy and mindfulness approaches can effectively help reduce maladaptive defense mechanisms and improve cognitive and emotional regulation in Internet addicts. While schema therapy specifically focuses on identifying and changing negative and dysfunctional schemas, mindfulness helps individuals deal with their emotions more healthily by being aware of the present moment and accepting their thoughts and feelings. Schema therapy aims to identify and modify negative and dysfunctional schemas that were formed in childhood, helping individuals break free from these maladaptive defense mechanisms. This therapy emphasizes changing a person's negative thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, enabling individuals to use more effective and adaptive emotion regulation strategies instead of involuntary and maladaptive defense mechanisms. For example, in schema therapy, the individual learns to pay attention to their problems instead of denying them and finding ways to manage their emotions. Therefore, schema therapy can reduce maladaptive defense mechanisms and improve individuals' cognitive and emotional regulation. The findings revealed that both intervention methods led to improvements in defense mechanisms and cognitive emotion regulation, with schema therapy showing a greater impact on these variables. Conclusion: By reducing the use of maladaptive defense mechanisms and enhancing cognitive-emotional regulation, these treatments can help individuals effectively cope with their psychological and emotional problems and reduce Internet addiction. Therefore, using these approaches as complementary treatments can significantly help improve the mental and psychological health of Internet addicts. The results indicate that schema therapy, by modifying maladaptive core patterns, can reduce immature defense strategies and improve cognitive emotion regulation. Therefore, it is suggested that this method be included in the treatment programs for individuals with internet addiction. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> اعتیاد به اینترنت, طرحواره‌درمانی, ذهن‌آگاهی, مکانیزم‌های دفاعی, نظم‌جویی شناختی هیجانی Internet Addiction, Schema Therapy, Mindfulness, Defense Mechanisms, Cognitive Emotion Regulation 233 242 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-8516-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Reyhaneh Ansari ریحانه انصاری 3900319475328460085934 0009-0004-4345-8713 No M.A. in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran. کارشناسی ارشد، گروه روانشناسی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران. Solmaz Dini سولماز دینی solmadan@yahoo.com 3900319475328460085935 0009-0001-6443-6031 Yes Ph.D. Candidate in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran. (Corresponding Author) دانشجو دکتری تخصصی، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران Alireza Afradi علیرضا افرادی alirezaafradi@yahoo.com 3900319475328460085936 3900319475328460085936 No M.A. in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Rahiyan Novin Danesh University, Sari, Iran. کارشناسی ارشد، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه راهیان نوین دانش، ساری، ایران. Roya Nejati رویا نجاتی 3900319475328460085937 3900319475328460085937 No M.A. in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Kermanshah Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. کارشناسی ارشد، گروه روانشناسی، واحد علوم تحیقات کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران. Parinaz Sepehri پریناز سپهری 3900319475328460085938 0009-0000-8993-5512 No M.A. in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. کارشناسی ارشد، گروه روانشناسی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. Reyhane Ranjbar ریحانه رنجبر rnjbrryhanh035@gmail.com 3900319475328460085939 0009-0009-6124-589x No Master’s Degree, Department of Psychology, Khuzestan Branch, Jihad Daneshgahi Institute of Higher Education, Ahvaz, Iran کارشناسی ارشد، گروه روانشناسی، واحد خوزستان، موسسه آموزش عالی جهاد دانشگاهی، اهواز، ایران.