Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

fa بررسی نگرشی بر تأثیر آلودگی صنایع صنعتی در افزایش بیماری‌های ریوی و مرگ‌ و میر ناشی از آن Attitudinal Study on the Effect of Industrial Pollution on the Increase of Lung Diseases and Mortality Caused by It روانشناسی بالینی Clinical Psychiatry پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">زمینه و هدف: آلودگی ناشی از فعالیت‌های صنایع صنعتی به عنوان یکی از عوامل اصلی تهدیدکننده سلامت انسان و محیط زیست شناخته می‌شود که بررسی جوانب متفاوت مانند جنبه حقوقی و زیست محیطی و پزشکی آن اهمیت دارد. لذا هدف این مطالعه نگرشی بر تأثیر آلودگی صنایع صنعتی در افزایش بیماری‌های ریوی و مرگ‌ و میر ناشی از آن بود. روش کار: روش پژوهش توصیفی تحلیلی می‌باشد که جامعه آماری مطالعه، شهرستان اراک که امروزه به عنوان کلان شهر اراک مطرح می‌باشد بوده است. جامعه نمونه منطقه‌ای به شعاع 10 کیلومتری اطراف کارخانه آلومینیوم و برای ایجاد رابطه سببیت بیماران خاص بیمارستان خوانساری و ولی عصر شهر اراک از سال1390 تا سال 1395 مورد بررسی میدانی قرار گرفته است. یافته‌ها: آلودگی‌های ناشی از کارخانه‌های آلومینیوم‌سازی یکی از چالش‌های مهم زیست‌محیطی است که تأثیرات منفی گسترده‌ای بر سلامت انسان و محیط زیست دارد. این تحقیق به بررسی بیماری‌های ریوی ناشی از آلودگی این صنایع و پیامدهای آن از منظر علمی، اجتماعی و حقوقی پرداخته است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که ذرات معلق و گازهای سمی مانند فلوریدها و اکسیدهای نیتروژن که در فرآیند تولید آلومینیوم منتشر می‌شوند، عامل بروز بیماری‌هایی نظیر آسم، برونشیت مزمن، فیبروز ریه و سرطان ریه هستند. از منظر اجتماعی، این آلودگی‌ها منجر به افزایش هزینه‌های درمانی، کاهش کیفیت زندگی و مهاجرت اجباری ساکنین مناطق مجاور می‌شود. در بعد حقوقی، با وجود وجود قوانین مشخصی همچون قانون هوای پاک و قانون حفاظت محیط زیست، اجرای ناقص و ضعف در نظارت بر صنایع، اثرگذاری این قوانین را محدود کرده است. همچنین، از منظر اقتصادی، هزینه‌های سنگینی برای درمان بیماری‌ها و تخریب اکوسیستم‌ها به جامعه تحمیل می‌شود، در حالی که استفاده از فناوری‌های کاهش آلودگی و تولید پاک می‌تواند این هزینه‌ها را کاهش دهد. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به اثرات گسترده آلودگی‌های ناشی از کارخانه‌های آلومینیوم‌سازی بر سلامت عمومی، محیط زیست، و ساختارهای اجتماعی و اقتصادی، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که مقابله با این معضل نیازمند رویکردی جامع و چندبعدی است. پیامدهای این آلودگی‌ها، از جمله بیماری‌های ریوی، کاهش کیفیت زندگی، تخریب اکوسیستم‌ها و تحمیل هزینه‌های سنگین اقتصادی، ضرورت اتخاذ تدابیر پیشگیرانه و اصلاحی را دوچندان می‌کند. اجرای دقیق قوانین زیست‌محیطی، پایش مداوم عملکرد صنایع، و استفاده از فناوری‌های نوین برای کاهش آلودگی، از جمله گام‌های اساسی در این مسیر است.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Background & Aims: pollution caused by the activities of industrial industries is known as one of the main factors threatening human health and the environment. Industrial industries have destructive effects on the quality of life of people and the health of societies through the emission of greenhouse gases, suspended particles, volatile organic compounds, and heavy metals into the air, water, and soil. One of the most important consequences of these pollutions is the increase in lung diseases in communities that live near industrial areas. Lung diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer are among the direct and indirect consequences of exposure to industrial pollutants. Air pollutants widely produced by industries include sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and harmful organic compounds. These substances can enter the lungs through breathing and seriously threaten the health of the respiratory system by causing inflammation, reducing lung function, and damaging its tissues. In areas where the density of industries is higher, the increase in the prevalence of lung diseases and the decrease in the quality of life of people, especially children, the elderly, and people with underlying diseases, can be seen. This issue is particularly critical in countries where environmental standards are not properly followed or where there is no continuous monitoring of air quality. Therefore, this study aimed to look at the impact of industrial pollution on increasing lung diseases and mortality. Methods: The research method is descriptive and analytical, and the statistical population of the study was the city of Arak, which is known as the metropolis of Arak today. The sample community of a region with a radius of 10 kilometers around the aluminum factory was investigated in the field from 2011 to 2016 to establish the causality relationship of specific patients of Khansari and Valiasr hospitals in Arak City. Results: Pollution caused by aluminum factories is one of the important environmental challenges that have extensive negative effects on human health and the environment. This research has investigated lung diseases caused by the pollution of these industries and its consequences from a scientific, social, and legal point of view. The findings show that suspended particles and toxic gases such as fluorides and nitrogen oxides that are released in the process of aluminum production are the cause of diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, lung fibrosis, and lung cancer. From a social point of view, these pollutions lead to an increase in medical expenses, a decrease in the quality of life, and the forced migration of residents of nearby areas. In the legal aspect, despite the existence of specific laws such as the Clean Air Law and the Environmental Protection Law, incomplete implementation and weakness in monitoring industries have limited the effectiveness of these laws. Also, from an economic point of view, heavy costs are imposed on society for the treatment of diseases and the destruction of ecosystems, while the use of technologies to reduce pollution and clean production can reduce these costs. From a legal point of view, existing laws in Iran, such as the Clean Air Law, the Environmental Protection Law, and the Islamic Penal Law, require industries to comply with environmental standards and take the necessary measures to reduce pollution. These laws provide legal tools to deal with the offending industries; However, problems such as weak monitoring, lack of transparency in the operation of factories, and lack of strict enforcement of laws make the effective implementation of these regulations a challenge. In addition, the role of regulatory institutions and civil society in pursuing environmental violations and increasing public awareness of citizens' rights in this area is essential. From an economic point of view, the costs caused by industrial pollution are very significant. These costs include the costs of treating diseases, reducing labor productivity, damaging agricultural products, and destroying ecosystems. On the other hand, investing in pollution reduction technologies and using clean production methods can not only reduce these costs but also improve the sustainability of the environment and improve the productivity of industries. Therefore, discussing and examining this issue requires a multilateral approach in which the roles of industries, government institutions, non-governmental organizations, and citizens are considered simultaneously. The use of new technologies to control pollution, the stricter implementation of environmental laws, transparency in the operation of industries, and public awareness can help reduce the harmful effects of this pollution. Conclusion: Considering the widespread effects of pollution caused by aluminum factories on public health, the environment, and social and economic structures, it can be concluded that dealing with this problem requires a comprehensive and multidimensional approach. The consequences of these pollutions, including lung diseases, reducing the quality of life, destroying ecosystems, and imposing heavy economic costs, double the necessity of adopting preventive and corrective measures. Strict implementation of environmental laws, continuous monitoring of industrial performance, and use of new technologies to reduce pollution are among the basic steps in this direction. Also, public awareness, strengthening the supervision of responsible institutions, and the participation of civil society can help to reduce the harmful effects of these pollutions. Investing in clean and sustainable production not only helps to maintain the health of people and the environment but also from an economic point of view, acts as an effective long-term solution by reducing costs related to treatment and environmental damage. Finally, the integration of preventive measures, strengthening of legal and regulatory infrastructure, and promotion of social responsibility will provide a sustainable path to deal with pollution from aluminum industries.</div> کارخانه آلومینیوم, آلودگی محیط زیست, بیماری‌های ریوی Aluminum Factory, Environmental Pollution, Lung Diseases 212 220 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-8447-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Hojjat Nouraei حجت نورایی 3900319475328460085019 3900319475328460085019 No PhD student, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomein, Iran. دانشجوی دکتری، گروه حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، واحد خمین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خمین، ایران Samira Golkhandan سمیرا گل خندان Samira.Golkhandan@iau.ac.ir 3900319475328460085020 3900319475328460085020 Yes : Assistant Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomein, Iran استادیار، گروه حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، واحد خمین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خمین، ایران Akbar Rajabi اکبر رجبی 3900319475328460085021 3900319475328460085021 No Assistant Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomein, Iran. استادیار، گروه حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، واحد خمین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خمین، ایران