Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

fa نقش آموزش مدیریت خانواده در کنترل جرائم علیه زنان با تکیه بر مسائل حقوقی و روانی The Role of Family Management Training in Controlling Crimes Against Women Based on Legal and Psychological Issues روانشناسی بالینی Clinical Psychiatry پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">زمینه و هدف: خانواده یکی از سازمان های اجتماعی مهم است که نقش مهمی در پیشگیری از قربانی شدن زنان و دختران دارد. خشونت در روابط انسانی، مشکلی اساسی و دیرینه است؛ چنانکه تصور میشود جزءلاینفک طبیعت انسان به شمار میآید. لذا هدف از این پژوهش نقش آموزش مدیریت خانواده در کنترل جرائم علیه زنان با تکیه بر مسائل حقوقی و روانی بود. روش کار: این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی و تحلیلی بوده و از نظر گردآوری اطلاعات به روش کتابخانه ای و با مطالعه قوانین و منابع معتبر انجام شده است و اطلاعات به دست آمده به صورت توصیفی و تحلیلی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است<a name="_Hlk175307949">.</a> یافته‌ها: موقعیت نامطلوب زنان در جوامع و روند روبه رشد خشونت علیه آنان سازمانهای بینالمللی و در رأس آنها سازمان ملل متحد را برآن داشته است که به تصویب اسناد متعدد بینالمللی در قالب اعلامیهها، کنوانسیونها، قطعنامهها و میثاقهای بینالمللی اقدام نمایند. تحریک جامعه زنان برای رسیدن به آنچه غرب بدان رسیده است، بدون آنکه چارچوب فرهنگ دینی و عرفی ما باشد و بدون آنکه زنان در عمل و بهطور طبیعی و برپایه تربیت دینی به چنین احساسی رسیده باشند، کاری است که جز خسارت و زیان بههمراه نخواهد داشت. بدون تردید در اصلاح یک قانون نمیتوان مبانی نظام حقوقی را نادیده انگاشت. هر نظام حقوقی، مبانی، منابع و شیوههای ویژه دارد و برای تغییر در نهادها و قواعد یک نظام حقوقی و یا پرکردن خلاءهای قانونی، باید از همان منابع و روشها استفاده نمود. براساس یافتههای روانشناسان، نداشتن آگاهی موجب ابهام نسبت به موقعیت میگردد و در نتیجه به آسیبپذیری و تسلیم منجر میشود و این آسیبپذیری در دختران بیشتر است<a name="_Hlk178009543">. </a>در نظام دینی بر تشکیل خانواده و لزوم استحکام آن تأکید بسیاری شده و نقش خانواده در امنیت روانی افراد رشد و تعالی جامعه، سعادت و خوشبختی دنیا و آخرت مهم دانسته شده است. نتیجه‌گیری: از آنچه بیان شد میتوان نتیجه گرفت که حمایت از قربانیان جرم میتواند نقش اصلی را در کاهش پدیدههای مجرمانه ایفاء کرده، در تحقق عدالت کیفری، بازسازی شخصیت بزهدیده و تأمین خسارتهای مادی و معنوی تأثیرگذار باشد. در نظام اسلامی هر نوع خشونت علیه زنان، در خانواده، محل کار و اجتماع ممنوع است و هیچکس اجازه ندارد آنها را از حقوق مسلمشان محروم سازد. متجاوزین به حقوق زن یا مجازاتهای سختی روبهرو خواهند شد. از مجازات تعزیری مانند؛ شلاق، حبس و جریمههای مالی گرفته تا مجازاتهای حدی نظیر؛ اعدام، قصاص، دیه و اگر بزهکار معلوم نباشد از طریق بیتالمال جبران خسارت میشود. سازمان ملل نیز با تأثیرپذیری از جنبشهای حمایت از بزهدیدگان و مؤسسات وابسته به آنها، قوانین و سازوکارهای قضایی، دولتی و عرفی را در جهت حمایت از حقوق بزهدیدگان و تسکین ناملایمات آنان وضع کرده و دولتها را ملزم به رعایت آن نموده است.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Background & Aims: The family is one of the most important social organizations, playing a significant role in preventing the victimization of women and girls. Violence in human relationships is a fundamental and longstanding issue, often perceived as an inseparable part of human nature. Despite centuries of cultural and social progress, the extent and intensity of violence remain among the major sufferings and concerns of human societies. One prominent manifestation of violence, targeting children and women, has historically been a global phenomenon. As a result, in the last decade of the 20th century, the United Nations actively sought to eliminate violence against women. Violence against women occurs in various forms, from homes and streets to alleys and remote areas, manifesting as insults and humiliation, emotional exploitation in homes and workplaces, unethical divorces, gender discrimination, increasing male-dominated perspectives, sexual harassment, deliberate infliction of bodily and reputational harm, expulsion from homes, denial of education and employment, restriction on meeting children, denial of child custody for mothers, violation of basic rights and citizenship, infringement of marital and familial rights, and loss of professional and job opportunities. Such acts of violence, in various forms and degrees, are present in societies and are not limited to the murder of women. The primary cause of violence against women can generally be found in customary, legal, and traditional discrimination, which prevents women from achieving equality with men in all aspects of life. Violence is both rooted in discrimination and exacerbates it. Since many girls and women are unwilling to report domestic violence to the police, and judicial systems in some countries fail to address such complaints, considering them private matters, statistics on domestic violence often do not reflect reality. One of the basic forms of human social organization is the family. The family encompasses a network of relationships, processes, and various phenomena. In other words, the family is a system in social life where physical, psychological, economic, cultural, and other relationships intertwine, forming an integrated entity. The family is the cornerstone of all larger human societies, playing a foundational role in strengthening social relationships, fostering growth and development, and ensuring the psychological well-being of each individual in society. The family, as the primary and most universal social structure, serves as a formal and legal framework for the legitimate and accepted relationships between men and women. It also forms the basis for educating and nurturing children, maintaining mental health, and transmitting cultural values. However, collected statistics remain alarming. Thus, the purpose of this research was to examine the role of family management education in controlling crimes against women, with an emphasis on legal and psychological issues. Methods: This study is descriptive and analytical, conducted using a library-based method of data collection. By studying laws and reliable sources, the gathered information has been analyzed descriptively and analytically. Results: The unfavorable status of women in societies and the growing trend of violence against them have prompted international organizations, particularly the United Nations, to adopt numerous international documents, including declarations, conventions, resolutions, and covenants. However, efforts to incite women to emulate the achievements of the West, without aligning with the religious and cultural framework of their own societies or fostering such sentiments naturally through religious upbringing, often result in harm and loss. Undoubtedly, the reform of any law cannot disregard the fundamental principles of the legal system. Each legal system has unique foundations, sources, and methods, and any changes or attempts to fill legal gaps must adhere to these principles and methods. One of the crucial mechanisms for supporting victimized women and reducing their victimization is to enhance their knowledge, encourage education, and foster their participation in intellectual and cultural arenas, thereby steering them away from ignorance. Psychological studies reveal that a lack of awareness leads to ambiguity regarding one’s position, increasing vulnerability and submission, which is more pronounced in girls. In religious systems, the formation and strengthening of families are emphasized, recognizing the family as a cornerstone for psychological security, societal development, and the prosperity and happiness of individuals in both this world and the hereafter. Conclusion: From the above discussion, it can be concluded that supporting crime victims plays a fundamental role in reducing criminal phenomena, achieving criminal justice, rehabilitating victims, and addressing their material and emotional damages. In Islamic law, all forms of violence against women in the family, workplace, and society are prohibited, and no one is allowed to deprive them of their legitimate rights. Perpetrators of such violations face severe punishments, ranging from discretionary penalties like whipping, imprisonment, and fines to fixed penalties like execution, retribution, and compensation. In cases where the offender is unknown, compensation is provided through public funds. Given that women, due to their physical characteristics, are more susceptible than men to victimization—including repeated victimization both within and outside the family—and are often considered prime targets for offenders, they require greater legal assistance and support. The first step in this regard is criminal justice protection through a mechanism known as criminalization. This method is the most common and traditional form of support for victims within the framework of legislative criminal policy. At its simplest, it involves the establishment of a specific enforcement mechanism, typically criminal in nature, to ensure protection. The United Nations, influenced by victim support movements and affiliated institutions, has established laws and judicial, governmental, and customary mechanisms to protect victims' rights and alleviate their suffering, mandating states to comply with these measures.</div> مدیریت خانواده, کنترل جرائم, زنان, مسائل حقوقی و روانی Family Management, Crime Control, Women, Legal And Psychological Issues 505 521 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-8341-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Seyedeh negar Hashemi Keneti سیده نگار هاشمی کنتی nhashemi817@gmail.com 3900319475328460085206 0009-0002-8323-1359 Yes Senior Expert in Penalty and Criminology, Department of Penalty and Criminology, Qaimshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaimshahr, Iran کارشناس ارشد جزا و جرم شناسی، گروه جزا و جرم شناسی، واحد قائمشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائمشهر، ایران