Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

fa تدوین مدلی ساختاری درباره‌ی نارضایتی از بدن در دانشجویان دختر شهر بیرجند: بررسی تأثیر طرحواره‌ی ظاهر، خویشتن پنداره و وارسی بدن بر تن انگاره Compiling a Structural Model about Body Dissatisfaction among Teenage Girls in Birjand City: Investigating the Effect of Appearance Schema, Self-Concept, Self-Esteem and Body Verification on Body Image روانشناسی بالینی Clinical Psychiatry پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">زمینه و هدف: نارضایتی از بدن و نگرانی درباره‌ی شکل، وزن، اندازه و زیبایی آن یکی از اشتغال خاطرها و مشکلات رو به گسترش در جوامع بشری است که پیامدهای زیان باری از جمله تن دادن به عمل‌های زیبایی مکرر و درگیر شدن با بیماری‌های روانی از جمله افسردگی در پی داشته است. این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر طرحواره‌ی ظاهر، خویشتن پنداره و وارسی بدن بر تن انگاره، به منظور تدوین مدلی ساختاری درباره‌ی نارضایتی از بدن در دانشجویان دختر دانشگاه آزاد  اسلامی واحد بیرجند می‌باشد.  روش کار: مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری همبستگی بوده و با یک گروه صورت گرفت. برای انجام این پژوهش نمونه‌ای به حجم 253 نفر از دانشجویان به طورتصادفی به روش نمونه گیری خوشه‌ای انتخاب شدند. و پس از پاسخگویی به پرسشنامه‌ی اختلال‌های خوردن گارنر (1)، مقیاس آنالوگ دیداری تن انگاره هاینبرگ و تامپسون (2)، مقیاس خویشتن پنداره ی مارش (3)، پرسشنامه‌ی طرحواره‌ی ظاهر تجدید نظر شده کش و فلمینگ و همکاران (4)، آزمون باورهای شخصی مربوط به ظاهر اسپنگلر (5) و پرسشنامه وارسی بدن رییز، وایزنهایت و همکاران (6)، مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها: یافته‌های حاصل از بررسی نشان دادندکه متغیرهای طرحواره‌ی ظاهر، خویشتن پنداره و وارسی بدن با تن انگاره و نارضایتی از بدن رابطه معنادار دارند . ارزشیابی مدل‌‌های پیشنهادی به وسیله‌ی معادله ساختاری مدل سازی با استفاده از روش حداکثر احتمال برآورد در برنامه نرم افزاری آموس و محاسبه‌ی شاخص‌های تناسب مدل‌ها، حاکی از نیکویی برازش مدل‌ها بود. اثرات مستقیم و غیر مستقیم متغیر‌های طرحواره‌ی ظاهر، خویشتن پنداره و وارسی بدن بر تن انگاره در این مدل، معنادار بوده و بیشتر از نیمی از تغییر پذیری تن انگاره دانشجویان مورد مطالعه را تبیین می‌کنند. همچنین اثرات متغیرهای مورد بررسی فوق بر نارضایتی  از بدن نیز بیش از نیمی از تغییرپذیری نارضایتی از بدن دانشجویان مورد مطالعه را تبیین می‌کنند. نتیجه‌گیری: این یافته‌ها ضمن همخوانی با نتایج پژوهش‌های مربوط به عوامل تاثیر گذار بر تن انگاره و نارضایتی از بدن، با برخی از مدل‌های تن انگاره و نارضایتی از بدن نیز هماهنگی دارند و به شناخت بهتر ساختار پیچیده ی روانشناختی تن انگاره و نارضایتی از بدن کمک می‌کنند.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Background & Aims: Body image involves the image of one's body in one's mind, which may or may not correspond to the actual shape and size of one's body. It includes how one feels about one's appearance. What one thinks about one's body. Body image dissatisfaction is defined as the perception one has of one's physical appearance. It may include one's physical self, thoughts, and feelings surrounding their self-awareness. Feelings and thoughts can be positive or negative and are influenced by environmental and social factors.                                                                                                        Body image dissatisfaction can occur at any age and affects all levels of society, demographics, and culture. It affects both men and women and can lead to negative consequences such as - Body dysmorphic disorder, which is a serious condition in which a person is excessively concerned about their appearance, about minor or imagined physical defects. They constantly check their appearance in the mirror, try to hide their perceived defects, worry about their body image or perceived defects for at least an hour a day, and this worry interferes with their lives in some way. They also have unrealistic expectations of their body image, which increases the likelihood of body dissatisfaction and increases the risk of eating disorders, low self-esteem, depression, and loneliness. (7)                                                                                                                                     The cognitive-behavioral approach believes that body image arises from various factors such as an individual's past events, attributions, and current experiences, and predisposes an individual to think, feel, and act in a certain way about their body (8).                                                                   Many studies in this area focus on measures of body image (with body dissatisfaction as one of the most prominent measures) and eating disorders. As a prominent element in research on the impact of media thin-body ideal images, body image refers to individuals' thoughts, feelings, and perceptions about their own bodies. The development of body image during childhood and adolescence is determined by biological (e.g., gender), psychological (e.g., self-concept), social relationships (e.g., family, peers), and sociocultural (e.g., media) factors. As such, body image is understood as a multidimensional concept that includes a variety of self-perceptions and self-evaluations, such as the experience of (dissatisfaction with) the body. When views of one's own body weight and shape are negative and dysfunctional, it is called body dissatisfaction. Today, it has become clear that body dissatisfaction is so common, especially among young people, that it is referred to as a "dissatisfaction with one's body" . It is considered "normative".                          In other words, this term suggests that many people today are dissatisfied with their body weight and shape, which seems natural. As a result, feelings of body dissatisfaction can lead to experiencing other negative mental health outcomes, such as reduced self-esteem, anxiety, and depression (9). Body dissatisfaction and concerns about its shape, weight, size, and beauty are among the growing concerns and problems in human societies, which have resulted in harmful consequences, including frequent cosmetic procedures and involvement in mental illnesses, including depression. Therefore, in this study, we examined the following issues. This study aims to investigate the effect of appearance schema, self-concept, and body checking on body image in order to develop a structural model of body dissatisfaction in female students of Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch. Methods: Structural equation modeling was correlational and was conducted with a group. For this study, a sample of 253 students was randomly selected using cluster sampling. After answering the Garner Eating Disorders Questionnaire (1), Heinberg and Thompson's Visual Analogue Body Image Scale (2), Marsh's Self-Concept Scale (3), the Revised Appearance Schema Questionnaire (Cash and Fleming et al., (4), Spengler's Appearance-Related Beliefs Test (5), and the Reyes, Weisenheit et al., (6) Body Check Questionnaire, they were evaluated. Results: The findings of the study showed that the variables of appearance schema, self-concept, and body checking have a significant relationship with body image and body dissatisfaction. Evaluation of the proposed models by structural equation modeling using the maximum likelihood estimation method in the Amos software program and calculation of the model fit indices indicated the goodness of fit of the models. The direct and indirect effects of the variables of appearance schema, self-concept, and body checking on body image in this model were significant and explained more than half of the variability in the body image of the students under study. Also, the effects of the above-mentioned variables on body dissatisfaction also explained more than half of the variability in the body dissatisfaction of the students under study. Conclusion: These findings are consistent with the results of research on factors affecting body image and body dissatisfaction, as well as with some models of body image and body dissatisfaction, and help to better understand the complex psychological structure of body image and body dissatisfaction.  </div> طرحواره ظاهر, خویشتن پنداره, وارسی بدن و تن انگاره, نارضایتی از بدن Appearance schema, Self-concept, Body check and body image, Body dissatisfaction 1 17 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-8321-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Adele Ghollasi عادله قلاسی 3900319475328460088315 3900319475328460088315 No PhD Student of General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی عمومی، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران Gholamreza Sanagovi Moharrer غلامرضا ثناگوی محرر Reza.sanagoo@gmail.com 3900319475328460088316 3900319475328460088316 Yes Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران Fatemeh Soghari Karbalai Herfteh فاطمه صغری ربلایی هرفته 3900319475328460088317 3900319475328460088317 No Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Zahedan Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زاهدان، زاهدان، ایران