Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

fa تاثیر یک دوره تمرین استقامتی همراه با تحریک الکتریکی بر بیان ژن برخی نشانگرهای رگ‌زایی بافت قلب موش‌های صحرایی نر چاق روزه‌دار The Effect of a Period of Endurance Training Along with Electrical Stimulation on the Gene Expression of Some Markers of Angiogenesis in Heart Tissue of Fasted Obese Rats فیزیولوژی ورزش Exercise Physiology پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">زمینه و هدف: اپیدمی چاقی نشان دهنده یک بحران بهداشت جهانی با رویکرد چند عاملی و با پاتوژنز پیچیده و در ارتباط با بیماری‌های قلبی‌عروقی می‌باشد. انجام فعالیت ورزشی با همراه برنامه روزه‌داری در کاهش نشانه‌های بیماری‌های قلبی موثر است. لذا هدف از پژوهش حاضر تاثیر یک دوره تمرین استقامتی با همراه تحریک الکتریکی بر بیان ژن برخی نشانگرهای رگ‌زایی بافت قلب موش‌های صحرایی نر چاق روزه دار بود. روش‌ کار: <a name="_Hlk173507983">در این مطالعۀ تجربی با گروه کنترل‌40 سر موش صحرایی نر ویستار (</a>8 هفته‌ای با وزن 19±200 گرم) پس القای چاقی و افزایش وزن (بر حسب شاخص لی در محدوده 310 گرم) به‌طور تصادفی به 5 گروه 8تایی کنترل چاق، روزه‌دار، روزه‌دار-تمرین استقامتی، روزه‌دار-تحریک الکتریکی و روزه‌دار-تمرین استقامتی-تحریک الکتریکی تقسیم شدند. گروه‌ها برای یک دوره 4 هفته‌ای به فعالیت ورزشی (با سرعت 10 تا 20 متر/دقیقه و مدت 20 تا 40 دقیقه)، تحریک الکتریکی (با فوت شوک برای 5/0 میلی آمپر و 20 دقیقه) و روزه‌داری (8 / 16 ساعت) پرداختند. پس از تمرین و بی‌هوشی، نمونه‌بردای بافتی صورت گرفت و بعد از انجام فرایندهای ملکولی بیان ژن‌ها با استفاده از روش Real time-PCR اندازه‌گیری شد. برای آنالیز داده‌ها از آزمون تحلیل واریانس یک‌طرفه در سطح معناداری 05/0>p و نرم‌افزار گراف‌پد استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: <a name="_Hlk173507674">نتایج نشان داد چاقی منجر به افزایش معنادار بیان ژن‌های </a>VEGF و Ens موش‌های صحرایی نسبت به گروه کنترل شد (004/0p< و 0001/0p<). تمرین استقامتی منجر به کاهش معنادار VEGF نسبت به گروه چاق و تمرین-تحریک شد (0001/0p<). تمرین استقامتی منجر به کاهش معنادار Ens نسبت به گروه چاق و کنترل شد (0002/0 p< و 01/0=p). تحریک الکتریکی نیز منجر به کاهش معنی داری VEGF و Ens نسبت به گروه چاق شد (0001/0 p< و 005/0p<). نتیجه‌گیری: به‌نظر می‌رسد با اینکه فرآیندهای آنژیواستاتیک تحت تاثیر تمرین ورزشی، تحریک الکتریکی و تلفیقی از آن قرار گرفته و موجب بهبود عوارض نمونه‌های چاق با تحریک رگ زایی شده است اما در ارتباط با رویکردهای آنژیوژنز با مدالیته‌های فوق نیاز به پژوهش‌های بیشتری می‌باشد.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Background & Aims: Obesity has tripled worldwide and is associated with the death of at least 2.8 million people every year and is very worrying (1). It seems that the disruption of endothelial function in obese people in multiple tissues and organs causes cardiovascular disorders, diabetes and cancer (2). Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that is surrounded by a dense network of blood capillaries and regulates the production of hormones, angiogenesis factors, and cytokines (3). On the other hand, fat tissue needs angiogenesis to grow. With the increase of angiogenesis, the size of adipocytes increases and this leads to a relative decrease in oxygen pressure in obese people (3). Establishing a balance between the processes of proangiogenesis and antiangiogenesis in the tissues of obese people is of special importance, especially to prevent the pathogenesis of neovascularization in heart patients (4). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin (Ens) are related to angiogenesis of heart and fat tissue. VEGF is expressed by both vascular stromal cells and mature adipocytes and plays an important role in their growth (5). Ens prevents its function by binding to vascular endothelial growth factor-3. Sports activities, electrical stimulation and fasting are therapeutic methods in complementary medicine related to obesity and related diseases (6). Brixios and colleagues (2008) showed that the level of VEGF in the serum of obese men did not change after regular aerobic exercise (7). In the research of Melekipooya et al. (2019), it was shown that aerobic exercise in infarcted desert rats leads to a significant increase in VEGF and a non-significant change in Ens(8, 9). Ivani et al. (2013) also showed that ES leads to an increase in the thermogenesis of fat tissues (10). According to different research results, it is necessary to examine it as an issue. Methods: In this controlled experimental study with a control group of 40 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old weighing 200±19 g) after induction of obesity and weight gain were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8: obese control, fasting, fasting-endurance exercise, fasting-stimulation Electric and fasted-endurance exercise-electrical stimulation were divided. Intervention groups for a period of 4 weeks under endurance sports activity (with a speed of 10 to 20 m/min and duration of 20 to 40 minutes), electrical stimulation (foot shock device for 0.5 mA and 20 minutes) and fasting (8 to 16 hours) were placed. After exercise and anesthesia, tissue sampling was done and after performing molecular processes, gene expression was measured using Real time-PCR machine. To analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance test was used at a significance level of p<0.05 and GraphPad software. Results: The results showed that obesity led to a significant increase in the expression of VEGF and Ens genes in rats compared to the control group (P=0.004 and P=0.0001). Endurance training led to a significant decrease in VEGF compared to obese and exercise-stimulation groups (P=0.0001). Endurance training led to a significant decrease in Ens compared to the obese and control groups (P=0.0002 and P=0.01). Electrical stimulation also led to a significant decrease in VEGF and Ens compared to the obese group (P=0.0001 and P=0.005). Conclusion: One of the important findings of this research is the significant increase in VEGF and Ens gene levels in the fasting group compared to the control group. It can also be said that the levels of the VEGF indicator in the training group showed a significant decrease compared to the control and obese groups. Hypoxia in obese people causes inflammation and angiogenic responses and leads to high expression of HIF-1 and HIF-2, which increases the expression of IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8 factors. These inflammatory factors can cause metabolic and ischemia adaptations by disrupting the endothelial (11). In this regard, Brixios et al. (2007) showed that aerobic exercise decreased the serum levels of VEGF in overweight and obese men (7). Also, Ranjber et al showed that there is no significant difference between exercise, supplement and myocardial ischemia groups, and endurance training reduces VEGF (12). Contrary to the results of the above research, Saidian et al. (2019) showed that aerobic exercise on obese and overweight women led to a significant increase in the resting serum levels of VEGF (13). In this research, endurance training showed a significant decrease in the Ens gene compared to the obese group. In this regard, Brixios et al. (2007) showed that in both groups of regular aerobic training and cycling, a decrease in Ens plasma levels was observed in overweight and obese people (7). Also, Malekipooya et al. (2019) showed that a period of increasing aerobic exercise program led to a decrease in Ens values in male desert rats with heart disease (9). Contrary to the results of this research, Gu et al. (2004) showed that physical training leads to an increase in blood flow Ens levels after sports training (14). It seems that the reason for this discrepancy is the measurement of this indicator immediately after training. Another result of the above research was a significant decrease in VEGF compared to the obese group after ES. In the research of Malekipooya (2024), it was shown that ES and its combination with sports training did not have significant changes on the serum levels of VEGF and TSP-1 (8). Also, in another study by Malekipooya (2024), it was shown that ES and its combination with exercise did not cause significant changes in the serum levels of Ens and FGF-2 markers in infarcted rats (15). Due to the novelty of the topic and the research related to sports rehabilitation with electrical stimulation in fasting conditions, investigating its mutual effects with different stimulations and intensities, especially in the dominance of gene expression, will require more research, and no precedent was observed in this regard. </div> چاقی, تمرین, تحریک الکتریکی, روزه‌داری, آنژیوژنز Obesity, Exercise, Electrical Stimulation, Fasting, Angiogenesis 1 13 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-7221-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Safieh Azadi fard صفیه آزادی فرد 3900319475328460088591 3900319475328460088591 No PhD Student in Physical Education, Mahallat Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahallat, Iran دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی، واحد محلات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، محلات، ایران Mehdy Morady مهدی مرادی mehdy_morady59@yahoo.com 3900319475328460088592 3900319475328460088592 Yes Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran استادیار فیزیولوژی ورزشی، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران Mohammad Malekipooya محمد ملکی پویا 3900319475328460088593 3900319475328460088593 No Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran استادیار فیزیولوژی ورزشی، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران