Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

fa بررسی و تبیین عوامل بازدارنده و تسهیل‌کننده در فعالیت بدنی سالمندان شهر اسلامشهر Investigating and Explaining the Factors Preventing and Promoting Physical Activities of the Elderly in Islamshahr City آموزش بهداشت Educational Health پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">زمینه و هدف: در جامعه مشکلات فراوانی بر سر راه فعالیت‌های ورزشی تفریحی سالمندان وجود دارد که باعث می شود آن‌ها نتوانند در این گونه فعالیت‌ها شرکت کنند و رفته‌رفته سلامتی و نشاط زندگی خود را از دست بدهند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی و تبیین عوامل بازدارنده و تسهیل‌کننده در فعالیت بدنی سالمندان شهر اسلامشهر بود. روش کار: <a name="_Hlk194836786">این پژوهش کاربردی و از نوع اکتشافی است. جامعه آماری را کلیهی پژوهشگران و صاحب‌نظران خبره در حوزه علوم ورزشی، روانشناسی، جامعه‌شناسی، پیشکسوتان ورزشی، پزشکان، پرستاران و همچنین اعضای سازمان‌های مربوط به حوزه سالمندی در شهر اسلامشهر تشکیل دادند. نمونه‌ها به صورت هدفمند جهت مصاحبه عمیق و نیمه ساختارمند انتخاب شدند و مصاحبه‌ها تا مرحله اشباع نظری ادامه یافت، اشباع نظری پس از مصاحبه با 25 نفر به دست آمد. تحلیل داده‌ها براساس روش کیفی گرنددتئوری انجام شد. </a> یافته ها: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که 23 کد باز در خصوص عوامل بازدارنده در قالب 3 کد محوری تعریف شدند که شامل: موانع فرهنگی و سبک زندگی، موانع محیطی و امکاناتی، فردی و شخصیتی بود. همچنین 41 کد باز برای عوامل تسهیلگر در قالب 5 کد محور تعریف شد که شامل: اقدامات آموزشی و برنامه‌ای، اقدامات ترویجی، اقدامات انگیزشی، اقدامات قانونی، اقدامات زیرساختی بود. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده می‌توان گفت عوامل بازدارنده به‌طور مستقیم و غیرمستقیم باعث کاهش مشارکت سالمندان در فعالیتهای بدنی می‌شوند، بنابراین در راستای تحقق اهداف ورزش سالمندان باید به اصول و اقدامات زیربنایی و ساختاری توجه شود و سالمندان را با سازوکارهایی همچون: برگزاری جشنواره‌های ورزشی ویژه سالمندان، تربیت مربی و کارشناس ورزشی مختص سالمندان، تأسیس خانه‌های ورزشی سالمندان، تنوع‌بخشی به خدمات ورزشی سالمندان جهت پیوستن به مشارکت ورزشی ترغیب نمود. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Background & Aims: Physical activity is widely recognized as one of the key determinants of health, especially for the elderly. However, many older adults face multiple barriers that limit their participation in physical activities. These barriers can be both external (e.g., environmental and infrastructural issues) and internal (e.g., personal and psychological factors). The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the inhibiting and facilitating factors influencing the engagement of elderly individuals in physical activities, which is essential for their overall well-being and successful aging. Understanding these factors can guide health policymakers and practitioners in promoting active aging programs that are tailored to the specific needs of older adults. Methods: The statistical population was formed by all researchers and expert experts in the fields of sports science, psychology, sociology, sports veterans, doctors, nurses, and also members of organizations related to the field of geriatrics in Islamshahr city. The samples were purposefully selected for in-depth and semi-structured interviews and the interviews continued until the theoretical saturation stage, theoretical saturation was achieved after interviewing 25 people. Data analysis was done based on Grand Theory qualitative method. Results: In the initial stage of data analysis, 86 open codes were identified from the interviews. After systematically merging and eliminating redundant or similar codes, 64 main categories were identified. The analysis revealed several challenges and barriers to the elderly’s participation in physical activities. These barriers were categorized into three major groups: cultural and lifestyle barriers, environmental and infrastructural barriers, and individual and personality-related barriers. Cultural and lifestyle barriers included societal attitudes toward aging, lack of awareness about the importance of physical activity, and the stigma surrounding elderly participation in exercise. Many participants highlighted how cultural norms often promote sedentary lifestyles for older adults, with limited social support for engaging in physical activities. Furthermore, misconceptions about the capabilities of elderly individuals often prevent them from seeking out or participating in physical activity programs. Environmental and infrastructural barriers referred to the lack of accessible and age-appropriate facilities for exercise, such as gyms, parks, and community centers designed specifically for seniors. In many cases, the physical environment was not supportive of the elderly’s mobility needs, such as the absence of ramps, poorly maintained facilities, and inadequate transportation options. Additionally, participants noted that many elderly individuals do not have access to safe spaces for walking or other forms of exercise, particularly in urban areas. Individual and personality-related barriers included health conditions such as chronic diseases, limited mobility, and fear of injury. Many elderly individuals experience physical limitations that prevent them from participating in physical activities, especially in the absence of specialized programs tailored to their needs. Moreover, psychological factors, including a lack of motivation, feelings of isolation, and fear of embarrassment, also played a significant role in deterring elderly individuals from engaging in physical activity. These factors were often compounded by a lack of personal belief in the benefits of exercise and a perceived lack of control over their health. Despite these challenges, the study also identified several facilitating factors that could encourage elderly individuals to participate in physical activities. These included social support from family and peers, the presence of specialized programs for older adults, and the development of community-based sports initiatives. Participants emphasized the importance of creating supportive social networks where older adults could engage in group activities, which not only encouraged physical activity but also fostered a sense of belonging and community. The availability of professional guidance, such as senior-specific fitness trainers and healthcare providers, was also seen as a key facilitator. Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore the importance of addressing both the inhibiting and facilitating factors that affect the physical activity participation of elderly individuals. Barriers related to culture, lifestyle, environment, and individual factors must be addressed through policy reforms, community engagement, and the provision of appropriate infrastructure. The establishment of sports festivals specifically for seniors, the training of specialized coaches, and the creation of dedicated sports centers for the elderly are recommended measures to promote active aging. Additionally, governments, healthcare providers, and families must work together to create an enabling environment for elderly individuals to engage in physical activities. This can be achieved through educational programs, awareness campaigns, and the development of supportive policies. The results of this study highlight the need for tailored interventions that address the unique challenges faced by elderly individuals, ultimately leading to improved health outcomes and a higher quality of life for the aging population. The findings also emphasize the necessity of supporting environments where physical activity is integrated into the daily lives of older adults. It is essential to promote policies that facilitate aging with dignity, health, and independence. As the elderly population continues to grow, there is an urgent need for governmental and societal efforts to create environments that support active and healthy aging, ensuring that older adults can lead fulfilling lives in their later years. </div> سالمندان, فعالیت‌های بدنی سلامت‌محور, عوامل بازدارنده, عوامل تسهیل‌کننده Elderly, Sports Activities, Health-Oriented, Inhibiting Factors, Facilitating Factors 1 13 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1528-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Naimeh Khavoshi نعیمه خاوشی 3900319475328460087819 0009-0008-7775-080x No Student Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Science and Research Unit, University of Science and Research, Tehran, Iran آموزش بهداشت و ارتقا سلامت، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Davood Shojaezadeh داوود شجاعی‌زاده shojaei@tums.ac.ir 3900319475328460087820 3900319475328460087820 Yes PhD Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Science and Research Unit, University of Science and Research, Tehran, Iran گروه آموزش بهداشت و ارتقا سلامت، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Zahra Jalili زهرا جلیلی 3900319475328460087821 3900319475328460087821 No PhD Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Science and Research Unit, University of Science and Research, Tehran, Iran گروه آموزش بهداشت و ارتقا سلامت، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران