Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

fa استخراج و شناسایی عصاره میخک در اولتراسوند توسط GC/MS و اندازه‌گیری فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی آن به روش تخریب رادیکال‌های آزاد DPPHو مطالعه کاربردهای دارویی آن Extraction and Identification of Clove Extract in Ultrasound by GC/MS and Measurement of Its Antioxidant Activity by DPPH Free Radical Destruction Method and Study of Its Medicinal Applications بیوشیمی Biochemistry پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">زمینه و هدف: گیاهان دارویی از منابع طبیعی با ارزشی هستند که امروزه مورد توجه صنایع غذایی و دارویی قرار گرفته و به عنوان مواد اولیه برای تولید داروهای بدون عارضه برای انسان به شمار میروند. اسانس میخک دارای خواص آنتیاکسیدانی است که در پیشگیری از سرطان بسیار موثر است. نقش حلال در استخراج اسانس گیاهان دارویی بسیار مهم است. فرایند اولتراسوند یکی از ارزانترین روش برای استخراج عصاره ترکیبات گیاهان دارویی میباشد. به عنوان یک فرآیند غیرحرارتی، فراصوت یک روش استخراج ملایم است که از تخریب گرمایی عصاره جلوگیری میکند. از این رو هدف مطالعه استخراج و شناسایی عصاره میخک در اولتراسوند توسط GC/MS و اندازهگیری فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی آن به روش تخریب رادیکالهای آزاد  DPPHو مطالعه کاربردهای دارویی آن بود. روش کار: عصاره گیاه میخک در حلالهای اتانول، آب، متانول، مخلوط اتانول و آب به روش اولتراسونیک استخراج شد. ترکیب عصاره با استفاده از کروماتوگرافی گازی شناسایی شد. مهمترین ترکیب شناسایی شده در ان اوژنول بود که بیش از 85 درصد عصاره را تشکیل میدهد. مقدار اوژونول در حلالهای مختلف درصد متفاوتی داشته که بیشترین مقدار آن 83/17 درصد در حلال اب شناسایی شد که خاصیت درمانی فراوانی دارد. خواص آنتی اکسیدانی گیاه میخک با روش تخریب رادیکالهای آزاد 2و2 دیفنیل -1-پیکریل هیدرازیل (DPPH) اندازه گیری شد. یافتهها: بیشترین ماده شناسایی شده عصاره میخک ترکیب اوژنول بود که در حلال آب بازده بالایی داشته است. خواص آنتی اکسیدانی گیاه میخک با روش تخریب رادیکالهای آزاد اندازهگیری شد، با تهیه 10،  15، 20، 25، 50، 80 و 90 میکرولیتر از نمونه عصاره تیمار 90 میکرولیتر بیشترین مصرف DPPH را داشت که بهترین تیمار این آزمایش انتخاب شد و دارای خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی بالایی در مقایسه با تیمارهای بعدی داشت. نتیجه‌گیری: فرایند اولتراسوند و استخراج عصاره گیاهان دارویی در دمای پایین به منظور حفظ ساختار ترکیبات دارویی و نقش حلال در بازده ترکیب استخراج شده اوژنول بسیار حائز اهمیت میباشد.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Background & Aims: Medicinal plants are valuable natural resources that are considered by the food and pharmaceutical industries today and are considered as raw materials for the production of medicines without complications for humans. Medicinal plant extract compounds for asthma, bronchitis, cough, throat infections and emphysema, as well as for the treatment of ulcers or inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth, throat, stomach and intestines, gall bladder, kidney stones, kidney edema, headache, constipation, toothache and insomnia. The role of solvent in extracting the essential oils of medicinal plants is very important. The ultrasound process is one of the cheapest methods for extracting medicinal plant compounds. Ultrasound breaks the cell structure and releases bioactive compounds. As a result, it leads to higher yield and faster extraction speed. Herbs, spices and other plant materials are rich in phytochemicals that are considered as valuable components for pharmaceutical and food products. As a non-thermal process, ultrasound it is a gentle extraction method that prevents thermal degradation of the extract. Methods: Clove plant extract was extracted by ultrasonic method in ethanol, water, methanol, ethanol and water mixture. The composition of the extract was identified using gas chromatography. The most important compound identified in N was eugenol, which constitutes more than 85% of the extract. The amount of eugenol in different solvents had different percentages, and the highest amount of 83.17% was detected in water solvent, which has many therapeutic properties. The antioxidant properties of clove plant with the destruction method of free radicals 2 and 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was measured. Results: The ultrasound process is one of the cheapest methods for extracting medicinal plant compounds. Ultrasound breaks the cell structure and releases bioactive compounds. As a result, it leads to higher yield and faster extraction speed. Herbs, spices and other plant materials are rich in phytochemicals that are considered as valuable components for pharmaceutical and food products. As a non-thermal process, ultrasound it is a gentle extraction method that prevents the thermal degradation of the extract. The most identified substance in clove extract was eugenol, which had a high yield in water solvent. The antioxidant properties of the clove plant were measured by the free radical scavenging method (DPPH), by preparing 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 80 and 90 microliters of the extract sample, the 90 microliter treatment had the highest consumption of DPPH, which was the best treatment of this test and had high antioxidant properties compared to the following treatments. Conclusion: Clove oil and eugenol obtained from it have analgesic, anesthetic and antiseptic effects. It is usually used in dentistry. It shows an anti-inflammatory effect against mouse macrophages. Eugenol showed strong antibacterial effectiveness against different strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and has more antimicrobial activity when combined with gentamicin, β-lactam and vancomycin antibiotics. The antifungal efficacy of eugenol and clove oil has been investigated against yeasts and filamentous fungi, including various human pathogenic fungi and food-borne fungal species. Eugenol has antiviral activity against HSV-1 and herpes simplex-2 (HSV-2) by inhibiting viral replication and reducing viral infection. Eugenol isolated from clove extracts and their essential oils shows that it has antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. The anti-inflammatory effects of eugenol are attributed to its effect to prevent neutrophil/macrophage chemotherapy and prostaglandin synthesis as well as cyclooxygenase II enzyme. In addition, eugenol dimers reduce the side effects of chemotherapy by inhibiting the expression of cytokines in macrophages. It cures arthritis and therefore can be used in the treatment of arthritis. The direct effect of eugenol in inhibiting the activation of NF-κB caused by tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and preventing the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in LPS stimulating macrophages was investigated with an IC50 value equal to 2.7 μm in healthy cells. Furthermore, eugenol protects protected macrophages from chemical-induced cell dysfunction and stabilizes PRO/anti-inflammatory mediators. Eugenol has been investigated for its anticancer activity against skin tumors, melanoma, gastric cancer, leukemia, and prostate cancer by regulating oncogenes and the caspase-dependent pathway. The process of ultrasound and extraction of medicinal plant extracts at low temperature is very important in order to preserve the structure of medicinal compounds and the role of solvent in the efficiency of the extracted eugenol compound.</div> گیاهان دارویی, میخک, فرایند اولتراسوند, DPPH, خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی Medicinal Plants, Cloves, Ultrasound Process, DPPH, Antioxidant Property 1 12 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-7941-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Hadi Jabbari هادی جباری hadijabbari@yahoo.com 3900319475328460090371 3900319475328460090371 Yes Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor Unvierstiy, Tehran, Iran استادیار، گروه شیمی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران Sakineh Moradkhani سکینه مرادخانی 3900319475328460090372 3900319475328460090372 No Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran. استادیار، گروه زیست شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.