Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

fa اثربخشی نقاشی درمانی با تأکید بر رنگ بر میزان مهارت‌های اجتماعی و میزان همدلی در کودکان دبستانی The Effectiveness of Painting Therapy with an Emphasis on Color on the Level of Social Skills and the Level of Empathy in Primary School Children روانشناسی بالینی Clinical Psychiatry پژوهشي Research <div>زمینه و هدف: درمان کودکان دشواری‌های خاص خودش را دارد، یکی از درمان‌هایی که برای بهبود همدلی و مهارت‌های اجتماعی کاربرد دارد هنر درمانی است؛ لذا هدف این مطالعه اثربخشی نقاشی درمانی با تأکید بر رنگ بر میزان مهارت‌های اجتماعی و میزان همدلی در کودکان دبستانی بود. روش کار: روش پژوهش شبه آزمایشی با گروه کنترل و آزمایش انجام گرفت. جامعه مورد بررسی تمام دانش آموزان دبستانی شهرستان قائمشهر به تعداد 7869 دانش‌آموز دختر و 6970 دانش‌آموز پسر بود که از این تعداد 30 دانش‌آموز دارای مشکل در مهارت‌های ارتباطی و نیز همدلی بودند توسط معلمین و مسئولین مدارس شناسایی و به پژوهشگر معرفی شدند که از بین این تعداد 30 کودک انتخاب و در دو گروه کنترل (15) نفر و گروه آزمایش (15) جایگزین شدند. ابزار مطالعه شامل مقیاس همدلی اساسی: جولیف و فارینگتون (2006) و مهارت‌های ارتباطی کویین دام (2004) بود. برنامه مداخله نقاشی درمانی مبتنی بر پروتکل نقاشی درمانی سیلور (2010) در ده جلسه و ده هفته تنظیم شد. داده‌های به دست آمده توسط پرسشنامه‌ها توسط روش آماری تحلیل کوواریانس تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد آموزش نقاشی درمانی مبتنی بر رنگ تأثیر معناداری بر افزایش متغیر مهارت اجتماعی و همدلی در گروه آزمایش داشته است. همچنین با توجه به مجذور اتا می‌توان نتیجه گرفت میزان تاثیر آموزش نقاشی درمانی مبتنی بر رنگ تاثیر بر بعد مهارت اجتماعی کودکان، 45 درصد و همدلی کودکان برابر با 78/0 می‌باشد. نتیجه‌گیری: به طور کلی می‌توان چنین نتیجه گرفت که نقاشی‌درمانی مبتنی بر رنگ روشی مؤثر و معنادار در بهبود مهارت‌های اجتماعی و تقویت همدلی در افراد، به‌ویژه کودکان و نوجوانان، است. این روش از طریق ایجاد فضایی ایمن، خلاقانه و غیرقضاوت‌گر، امکان بیان غیرکلامی احساسات و ارتباط عمیق‌تر با دیگران را فراهم می‌کند.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Background & Aims: Children are at a sensitive age because they repeat the behaviors they see and their role models are their parents. Behaviors that are learned in childhood. Which is one of the most important behaviors in acquiring social skills. Social skills are learned adaptive behaviors that enable a person to have mutual relations with different people, show positive reactions, and avoid behaviors that have negative consequences. A person who has the social skills to treat others in such a way that he can reasonably achieve his rights, requirements, and satisfaction, and fulfill his duties, without ignoring the rights, requirements, satisfaction, or responsibilities of others, and at the same time exchange to have freely with others. Having social skills and effective communication is essential for successful performance in life. Social skills are influenced by the culture and social groups that a person is in contact with, and the degree of having these skills plays a significant role in people's behavioral and social health. Education, if it is meant to raise developed human beings, which it is, must consider the issue of social development as one of its fields of activity. Therefore, along with the growth in other academic skills, dealing with the social aspects of life, and getting the necessary preparations to establish a healthy relationship with others, one of the challenges facing children in foster care, as well as the first way, is one of the duties of education professionals. Social skills are learnable and include verbal and non-verbal behaviors, are accompanied by intention, intention, reactions, and appropriate responses, require proper time and control of certain behaviors, are influenced by environmental factors, and maximize the social reinforcement of others. Treating children has its difficulties, one of the treatments used to improve empathy and social skills is art therapy; Therefore, the aim of this study was to the effectiveness of painting therapy with an emphasis on color on the level of social skills and the level of empathy in primary school children. Methods: A quasi-experimental research method was conducted with control and experimental groups. The studied population was all primary school students of Qaemshahr City, numbering 7869 female students and 6970 male students, of which 30 students had problems with communication skills and empathy and were identified by the teachers and school officials and introduced to the researcher. 30 children were selected and replaced in two control groups (15) and an experimental group (15). The study instrument included a basic empathy scale: Jolliffe and Farrington (2006) and Queen Damm's communication skills (2004). The drawing therapy intervention program based on Silver's (2010) drawing therapy protocol was set up in ten sessions and ten weeks. The data obtained by the questionnaires were analyzed by the statistical method of analysis of covariance. Results: The results of this study showed that painting therapy training based on color had a significant effect on increasing the variable of social skill and empathy in the experimental group. Also, according to the eta square, it can be concluded that the effect of painting therapy education based on color on the dimension of children's social skills is 45% and children's empathy is equal to 0.78. The results of Table number 6 show that by controlling the effect of the auxiliary variable (pre-test) on the dependent variable, there is a significant difference in the scores between the two groups in terms of empathy (significant value less than 0.05) or otherwise painting therapy with Emphasis on color affects the level of empathy in children. This indicates that painting therapy with an emphasis on color has been able to improve the level of empathy of children. On the other hand, because the eta squared value for the group is equal to 0.78, it can be said that 78% of the total variance and dispersion of the empathy variable is explained by the group effects. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that painting therapy based on color is an effective and meaningful method for improving social skills and strengthening empathy in people, especially children and teenagers. By creating a safe, creative, and non-judgmental atmosphere, this method allows non-verbal expression of feelings and a deeper connection with others. Color-based painting therapy is one of the new methods in psychology that specifically emphasizes improving people's social skills, especially children and teenagers. This method helps people to improve their communication and social abilities through artistic activities and purposeful use of colors. Colors play a key role in this type of therapy as a powerful tool to express non-verbal feelings and thoughts. People, especially children, express their inner feelings and practice communication with others through the choice and use of colors. Social skills are a set of abilities that enable people to function more successfully in their everyday interactions. These skills include effective communication, listening, empathy, conflict resolution, and cooperation with others. Children or teenagers who are weak in this field usually face problems in creating and maintaining social relationships and managing their emotions. As a creative and indirect method, color-based painting therapy creates a safe and non-judgmental environment where people can develop their social skills without fear of being misunderstood or judged. This is done through a variety of activities specifically designed to help participants identify and manage their emotions. In painting therapy sessions, participants usually deal with topics such as narrative painting, interpreting emotions through colors, or working in groups on joint projects. </div> نقاشی درمانی, مهارت‌های اجتماعی, همدلی Painting Therapy, Social Skills, Empathy 209 217 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-7497-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Neda Esmaeili ندا اسماعیلی neda.esmaeili2022@gmail.com 3900319475328460084494 0009-0005-5113-4417 Yes Assistant Professor Department of educational sciences, Qaemshahr, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran. : استادیار، گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد قائمشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائمشهر، ایران،