Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

fa مروری بر عوارض سقط جنین بر سلامتی از دیدگاه پزشکی- فقهی A Review of the Effects of Abortion on Health from a Medical-Jurisprudential Point of View روانشناسی بالینی Clinical Psychiatry مروري review article زمینه و هدف: سقط جنین در برای سلامتی مادر ممکن است خطرناک باشد و عوارضی را به دنبال داشته باشد. لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی نگاه پزشکی فقهی به مسأله سقط جنین انجام شد. روش کار: در این مطالعه مروری، ایده و نگاه علمی متخصصین پزشکی و همچنی دلایل عقلی و عرفی از جمله مواردی بودند که در این تحقیق به آنها توجه شده است. همچنین فتاوی عمده فقها و علمای معاصر شیعه در خصوص سقط جنین انسان، مورد بحث و بررسی قرار گرفت. محور بحث بیشتر مبتنی بر نظر فقهی بوده و بر اساس تبیین و تحلیل نظر فقهی آنها، دیدگاه نگارنده نیز آورده شد. یافته‌ها: در علم پزشکی موارد مبحث سقط جنین و عوارض و راههای کمک به مادر مورد توجه قرار گرفت و در طول 3 دهه گذشته، میزان مرگ و میر مرتبط با سقط جنین به طور قابل توجهی کاهش یافته است. با این حال، کلید کاهش مرگ و میر، آموزش به بیمار و افزایش آگاهی کارکنان مراقبتهای بهداشتی در مورد عوارض بالقوه کشندهای است که میتواند به دنبال سقط جنین باشد. در عین حال از متون اسلامی اعم از آیات قرآن و یا احادیث، چنین استنباط میشود که سقط جنین عوارض بدی برای سلامتی جسمی و روانی فرد به دنبال دارد. نتیجه گیری: به طور کلی می‌توان اذعان داشت که سقط از لحاظ پزشکی و قانونی، شرعی دارای شرایطی است که اگر در آن شرایط قرار نداشته باشد، برای سلامتی مادر خطرناک است.   Background & Aims: Every year, it is estimated that 2.3 million unsafe abortions (pregnancy terminations performed by a person without the necessary skills or in an environment without adequate medical standards) among teenage girls between the ages of 15 and 15. 19 years old is done. This figure accounts for approximately 15% of the global incidence of unsafe abortion (22 million), and abortion-related deaths among girls and young women account for approximately one-third of abortion-related deaths worldwide. constitutes Furthermore, the focus of policy and programmatic attention remains primarily on 15-19-year-olds, creating a significant gap in our understanding of the sexual and reproductive experiences of 10-14-year-olds, and it is estimated that particularly in areas Very poor of the world (545 million people) pregnancy leads to unsafe abortion. Most cases of unsafe abortion are concentrated in low- and middle-income countries, where the 10-14-year-old population is relatively the largest, and many countries have restrictions. The potential for sexual and reproductive harm among adolescents is a current and growing threat, yet our understanding of abortion in this group is insufficient to adequately address their needs through programmatic and policy interventions. In most cases, this abortion means that the egg or sperm has the wrong number of chromosomes and as a result, the fertilized egg could not develop normally. We must remember that the importance and unique role of man in the system of creation, as well as the beginning and end of his life, have always been studied by divine thinkers and religions. Abortion as a social and therapeutic phenomenon has long been customary in most societies and nations, and especially its social type in the last century, in economically and industrially advanced societies have increased more and more and is still increasing. Abortion is one of the current problems of human societies, and its dramatic increase results from unrestrainedness and disturbances that pollute the face of societies. Because of the dignity that Islam considers for human beings, even for the stage of coagulation of the sperm and before the soul is breathed, Islam places a special value on the fetus. The studies conducted show that there is illegal abortion in Iran. Most of it is done secretly and by non-specialists, however, legally and officially, except in very limited cases, abortion is not licensed. According to recently announced statistics, about one and a half million births and 300,000 abortions take place in Iran every year, some of which are intentional and others are unintentional. A lot of research has been done on abortion, but it can be seen that abortion is spreading in all countries. Therefore, it is important to research its effectiveness and medical and jurisprudential opinions. Methods: In this review study, the idea and scientific view of medical experts, as well as rational and customary reasons, were among the things that have been paid attention to in this research. Also, the major fatwas of contemporary Shiite jurists and scholars regarding human abortion were discussed and investigated. The focus of the discussion is mostly based on jurisprudential opinion, and based on the explanation and analysis of their jurisprudential opinion, the author's point of view was also given. Results: In medical science, abortion issues and complications and ways to help the mother were taken into consideration, and during the last 3 decades, the death rate related to abortion has decreased significantly. However, the key to reducing mortality is patient education and increased awareness among healthcare workers about the potentially fatal complications that can follow abortion. At the same time, it is deduced from the Islamic texts, whether the verses of the Quran or the hadiths, that abortion has bad consequences for the physical and mental health of a person. Conclusion: In general, it can be acknowledged that medically and legally, abortion has conditions that are dangerous for the mother's health if it is not those conditions. It should be kept in mind that the sanctity of abortion is not an absolute and permanent issue from the point of view of most jurists. In many cases, it is exceptional and according to the conditions under which the abortion takes place or what purpose it pursues, it is different. For each of those cases, a suitable solution or a specific jurisprudential ruling has been provided. In matters of jurisprudence, everyone should follow the point of view of his authority. Qatabah of Islamic jurists considers abortion at any stage of pregnancy as haram and non-Sharia, if there is no valid reason for it. Also, most abortions are simple, and some of them are associated with complications that can be life-threatening. Due to the high complications of abortion, an interprofessional team including an obstetrician, radiologist, triage nurses, nurse practitioner, general surgeon, urologist, and infectious disease specialist is recommended. Most patients with complications after abortion go to the emergency room and are first visited by a triage nurse. The triage nurse should be familiar with possible complications after abortion and quickly accept the patient and warn the interprofessional team. In addition to acute bleeding, complications after abortion can include septic shock, bladder or bowel perforation, and possibly ectopic pregnancy, which can lead to high mortality if not diagnosed in time. A thorough physical examination, including the pelvis, should be performed immediately to ensure that there are no injuries. The anesthesia and operating room nurses should be informed if the patient needs urgent surgery.   سقط, جنین, سلامتی مادر Abortion, Fetus, Mother's Health 170 178 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-7084-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Hossein javadi حسین جوادی Hossein.javadi@iau.ac.ir 3900319475328460068700 3900319475328460068700 Yes Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran استادیار، گروه فقه و حقوق، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران