Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

fa تأثیر یک دوره ورزش شنا بر روی گلوکز و انسولین موشهای مبتلا به اوتیسم The Effect of a Period of Swimming Exercise on Glucose and Insulin in Mice with Autism فیزیولوژی ورزش Exercise Physiology پژوهشي Research زمینه و هدف: اوتیسم یکی از بیماریهای عصبی میباشد که منجر به تغییرات در سطوح هورمونها می‌گردد. لذا هدف پژوهش حاضر تأثیر ورزش شنا بر روی گلوکز و انسولین موشهای اوتیسمی بود. روش کار: موشهای ماده و نر نژاد C57BL6 پس از دو هفته سازگاری با محیط، به منظور جفتگیری درون یک قفس قرار داده شدند. سپس به منظور ایجاد بیماری در موشها، حیوانات در روز 12 بارداری به دو گروه کنترل و اوتیسم تقسیم شدند. در گروه اوتیسم، موشهای باردار یک دوز 600 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم به صورت صفاقی داروی والپروات دریافت کردند. پس از آن اجازه داده شد تا فرزندان بدنیا بیایند. حیوانات در سن نوجوانی به 4 گروه و هر 10 سر (اوتیسم بدون ورزش، اوتیسم با ورزش، کنترل بدون ورزش، کنترل با ورزش) تقسیم شدند. حیوانات از سن 28 روزگی تا سن 56 روزگی به مدت 8 هفته (56 روز) تحت انجام ورزش شنا قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: نتایج آزمون تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه نشان داد که تفاوت معناداری بین سطح گلوکز و انسولین در موشهای گروههای تحقیق وجود دارد. نتایج آزمون تعقیبی توکی نشان داد که سطح گلوکز در گروه اوتیسم با ورزش نسبت به گروه کنترل بدون ورزش و اوتیسم بدون ورزش کاهش معناداری دارد. در حالی که سطح انسولین در گروه اوتیسم با ورزش نسبت به گروه کنترل بدون ورزش و اوتیسم بدون ورزش افزایش معناداری دارد. نتیجه گیری: تمرینات ورزشی سبب کاهش گلوکز و انسولین در موشهای اوتیسمی شدند لذا پیشنهاد میشود از پروتکل تمرین شنا جهت بهبود وضعیت هورمونی بیماران اوتیسمی استفاده گردد.   Background & Aims: Autism is one of the neurological diseases that lead to changes in hormone levels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to the effect of a swimming exercise course on glucose and insulin in mice with autism. Scientific research has shown that people with autism have behavioral disorders including anxiety and depression. These patients are mostly isolated from social activities. The causes of this disease are not fully known, however, research by scientists in the last two decades has shown that accidents or the use of certain chemical drugs during fetal and early life can increase the risk of developing this disease in children. Clinical and animal evidence has shown the relationship between increased inflammation in the brain and autism. However, which brain area is involved in this disease is not completely clear. Although extensive research has been conducted on pharmacological and behavioral treatments, the response to these treatments has been largely unsuccessful. One method that has attracted researchers' attention in recent years is the use of sports protocols from adolescence to adulthood to reduce neurobehavioral disorders in adulthood. In addition, exercise has been confirmed as a factor in lowering inflammatory levels in the body and brain. Also, recent studies have shown that sports activities can reduce behavioral disorders including anxiety and depression, and increase social behaviors. Therefore, in this study, we decided to investigate the therapeutic effects of swimming in an animal model of autism on behavioral disorders, including anxiety, depression, and social behaviors, as well as the level of inflammation in the hippocampus and prefrontal brain regions, which are involved in these neurological disorders. Methods: The present study was approved by the code of ethics IR.PNU.REC.1400.269 in the Code of Ethics Commission of Payam Noor University. C57BL6 female and male mice with an approximate age of 80-90 days and a weight of 20-22 grams were maintained under light conditions of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness and a temperature of 23 ± 1 degrees Celsius, with sufficient water and food at their disposal. was placed After two weeks of adaptation to the environment, each male and female animal was placed in a cage for mating, then the next morning the vaginal plaque was checked as an indicator of pregnancy. In order to cause autism disease in mice, the animals were divided into control and autism groups on the 12th day of pregnancy (each group of pregnant mice included 10 heads). In the autism group, pregnant rats received a dose of 600 mg/kg intraperitoneally with sodium valproate. After that, children were allowed to be born. At the age of 21 days, the children were separated from the mother by gender and kept in groups of 5 in each separate cage. On the 28th day after birth (one week after separation from the mother), the juvenile animals were divided into 4 groups of 10 as follows: the control group that does not exercise, the control group that exercises, the autism group that They don't exercise, the autism group who exercise. The animals were subjected to swimming exercise for 8 weeks (56 days) from the age of 28 days to the age of 56 days. The training was done 5 days a week, and in this protocol, the animals rested 2 days a week. The results were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance using SPSS-26 software, and the significance level was considered less than 0.05. Results: The results of the one-way analysis of variance test showed that there is no significant difference in the weight of mice of different research groups. Also, the results of the one-way analysis of variance showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the level of glucose in the mice of the research groups. The results of Tukey's post hoc test showed that the glucose level in the autism group with exercise has a significant decrease compared to the control group without exercise and also compared to the autism group without exercise (P value is equal to P ≥ 0.000 and P ≥ 0.016 respectively), also the glucose level in the autism group without exercise was significantly lower than in the control group without exercise (P ≥ 0.001). Also, the results of the one-way analysis of variance test showed that there is a statistically significant difference in insulin levels in the mice of the research groups (P<0.001). The results of Tukey's post hoc test showed that the insulin level in the autism group with exercise has a significant increase compared to the control group without exercise and also compared to the autism group without exercise (P value is equal to P ≥ 0.001 and P ≥ 0.000 respectively). Conclusion: Exercise decreased glucose and insulin in autistic mice, so it is suggested to use the swimming training protocol to improve the physical and hormonal condition of autistic patients. Scientific research has shown that people with autism have behavioral disorders including anxiety and depression. These patients are mostly isolated from social activities. The causes of this disease are not fully known, however, research by scientists in the last two decades has shown that accidents or the use of certain chemical drugs during fetal and early life can increase the risk of developing this disease in children Clinical and animal evidence has shown the relationship between increased inflammation in the brain and autism. However, which brain area is involved in this disease is not completely clear. Although extensive research has been conducted on pharmacological and behavioral treatments, the response to these treatments has been largely unsuccessful. One method that has attracted researchers' attention in recent years is the use of sports protocols from adolescence to adulthood to reduce neurobehavioral disorders in adulthood. In addition, exercise has been confirmed as a factor in lowering inflammatory levels in the body and brain. Also, recent studies have shown that sports activities can reduce behavioral disorders including anxiety and depression, and increase social behaviors. Therefore, in this study, we decided to investigate the therapeutic effects of swimming in an animal model of autism on behavioral disorders, including anxiety, depression, and social behaviors, as well as the level of inflammation in the hippocampus and prefrontal brain regions, which are involved in these neurological disorders.   تمرین شنا, گلوکز, انسولین, اوتیسم swimming practice, glucose, insulin, autism 8 16 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5964-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Ali Barzegari علی برزگری 3900319475328460089155 3900319475328460089155 No Department of physical education, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran استادیار، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران Hassan Amouzad Mahdirejei حسن عموزاد مهدیرجی hassanamouzad@yahoo.com 3900319475328460089156 3900319475328460089156 Yes PhD Candidate of Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise Physiology, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Masoumeh Hanani معصومه حنانی 3900319475328460089157 3900319475328460089157 No PhD in Exercise Physiology (Cardiovascular and respiratory), Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی (گرایش قلب و عروق و تنفس)، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، پردیس بین‌المللی دانشگاه تهران، کیش، ایران Mohadese Sadat Yaghoubi محدثه السادات یعقوبی 3900319475328460089158 3900319475328460089158 No PhD in Sports Physiology, Sports Physiology Department, Mahalat Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahalat, Iran دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، واحد محلات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، محلات، ایران Seyedeh Neda Delfani hosseiny سیده ندا دلفانی حسینی 3900319475328460089159 3900319475328460089159 No PhD Candidate of Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise Physiology, Tehran north Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Anahita Salehi آناهیتا صالحی 3900319475328460089160 3900319475328460089160 No Assistant Professor Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Tabari University, Babol, Iran استادیار‌ گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه طبری، بابل، ایران Mahtab Kia مهتاب کیا 3900319475328460089161 3900319475328460089161 No PhD in Public Administration, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran دکتری مدیریت دولتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران