Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

fa شیوع اختلال وسواس فکری-عملی در بیماران بستری شده و بهبود یافته ی مبتلا به کووید-19 و رابطه‌ی آن با وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی Prevalence of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder among Recovered Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 after Discharge and its Relationship with Socio-Economic Status روانشناسی بالینی Clinical Psychiatry پژوهشي Research زمینه و هدف: بیماری کووید-19 و شیوع گسترده آن در جوامع باعث تغییرات زیادی در سبک زندگی و عادت‌های بهداشتی و سلامتی افراد شده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین میزان شیوع اختلال وسواس فکری-عملی در بیماران بستری شده و بهبود یافته‌ی مبتلا به کووید-19 و رابطه‌ی آن با وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی اجرا شده است. روش کار: 479 نفر با سابقه بستری در بیمارستان به دلیل ابتلا به کووید-19 مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. در این پژوهش از پرسشنامه‌های وسواس فکری-عملی مادزلی(1977)، وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی قدرت نما (1392) و چک لیست محقق ساخته معیارهای تشخیصی اختلال وسواس فکری-عملی براساس DSM-5 استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها به کمک نرم‌افزار SPSS 21 و اجرای آزمون کای دو و آزمون آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه و آزمون توکی انجام شد. یافته ها: میزان شیوع کلی اختلال وسواس فکری-عملی برابر 20/19درصد بود. جنسیت، سن و وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی با ابتلا به اختلال رابطه معنی‌داری داشتند. اختلال وسواس فکری-عملی در زنان، گروه‌های سنی 38-18 و 58-38 و در افراد با وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی خیلی بالا و بالا شیوع بیشتری داشت. نتیجه‌گیری: میزان شیوع اختلال وسواس فکری-عملی در افرادی که وضعیت شدید و حاد ابتلا به کووید-19 را تجربه کرده‌اند و در بیمارستان بستری شده‌اند، بالاتر از شیوع این اختلال در جمعیت عمومی است. میزان شیوع اختلال وسواس فکری-عملی در وضعیت‌های مختلف اجتماعی-اقتصادی متفاوت است.   Background & Aims: From the beginning of the Covid-19 epidemic, a number of recommendations were made by health organizations, such as maintaining social distance, using masks, and hand hygiene. Hand washing with soap or alcohol-based disinfectants and high hygiene as a precautionary measure to prevent the spread of this emerging virus is widely promoted, and almost all people follow these recommendations. Although hand washing and hygiene are more serious than ever before, and is certainly helpful in preventing the spread of Covid-19, but there is the question of how this can affect different people who have not previously had obsessive-compulsive disorder, and also peoples with mild and sub-threshold symptoms (1,6). The Covid-19 epidemic in the late winter of 2019 / spring 2020 became a global crisis and spread widely and rapidly across borders and continues to this day (3). Covid-19 disease may have different effects on people with different socioeconomic status, as shown in several studies (11,9,8,20,21,22). Very little is known about the impact of the emerging Covid-19 disease on the prevalence or development of mental disorders, and little research has been done in this area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in recovered hospitalized patients with Covid-19 six months after discharge from the hospital, evaluate the existence of a statistically significant relationship between the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder, socioeconomic status and demographic variables such as gender, age, level of education and marital status. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 479 patients with a history of definitive diagnosis of Covid-19 and subsequent hospitalization were studied. The participation of all sample members in this study was completely voluntary and the present study has been approved by the ethics committee of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The sample members were selected using random number generation software and through a completely random selection from the list of hospitalized patients. After selecting the sample, they were invited to participate in the study by telephone. After initial satisfaction, research questionnaires were provided to the sample members face to face. In this study, Maudsley Obsessional Compulsive inventory (MOCI), Ghodrat Nama et al. Socio-Economic Status Questionnaire (GHSESQ) were used. The validity and reliability of these questionnaires have been studied in Iran and both of them are valid and reliable. Also, after completing the questionnaires, each member of the sample was examined through a short face-to-face supplementary interview (maximum 10 minutes) for the presence of DSM5 diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder and the results were recorded. After data collection, the overall point prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder was calculated.   Also, the point prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder were obtained based on each of the classes of demographic variables in the study. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test were used in this study. SPSS 21 statistical software was used for data analysis. Results: After reviewing and analyzing the completed questionnaires and the results of the supplementary interview, 92 members of the sample were diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The overall prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in all samples was 19.20%. According to the results of statistical analysis, there was a significant relationship between gender and obsessive-compulsive disorder and this disorder was more common in women than men (χ2 = 5.3793; P-value = 0.020378; p≤0.05). There was a significant relationship between age variable and obsessive-compulsive disorder and the prevalence of this disorder was more common in other age groups of 38-58 and 18-38, respectively (χ2 = 10.3501; P-value = 0.015813 ; p≤0.05). There was no significant relationship between education and disorder (χ2 = 2.9693; P-value = 0.562976; p≤0.05). Finally, in the case of marital status, there was no significant relationship between marital status and obsessive-compulsive disorder (χ2 = 4.4587; P-value = 0.107601; p≤0.05). The prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder was 12.16% in very low socio-economic status, 15.16% in low socio-economic status, 18.12% in medium socio-economic status, 35.84% in high socio-economic status and 40.00% in very high socio-economic status. The results of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between socioeconomic status and obsessive-compulsive disorder in recovered hospitalized patients with Covid-19 (χ2 = 20.7756; P-value = 0.000351; p≤0.05). The prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder has increased with increasing in level of socioeconomic status. The highest prevalence of disorders was in very high and high socio-economic status. One-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) was performed to compare the mean scores of obsessive-compulsive disorder in different socioeconomic statuses and the value of F was 4.67467, Which shows that there is a significant difference in the mean scores of obsessive-compulsive disorder between socio-economic statuses. The results of Tukey test on the mean scores of obsessive-compulsive disorder in different socioeconomic statuses showed that the differences between very low and high socioeconomic status (p = 0.00597), very low and very high socioeconomic status (p = 0.00179), low and high socioeconomic status (p = 0.03153) were statistically significant. Conclusion: Evidence from research to date suggests that anxiety and fear of being infected by a person or family member, as well as fear of death and threat to life at the time of infection, especially in hospitalized cases, can lead to or the trigger for mental disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder. Hospitalized people who have experienced a severe illness and whose life and health are seriously threatened can be one of the groups with the highest rates of mental disorders caused by this epidemic. It is suggested that institutions and organizations related to the maintenance and promotion of mental health in the community take the necessary plans and measures to prevent the occurrence or exacerbation of mental disorders and reduce the psychological consequences of this epidemic in the general population and especially high-risk populations, like people who have experienced the intense and critical state of Covid-19. Considering that the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in recovered hospitalized patients with Covid-19 is much higher than the prevalence of this disorder in the general population, it can be concluded that covid-19 infection and subsequent hospitalization can lead to obsessive-compulsive disorder. prevalence of Covid-19 exacerbates obsessive-compulsive behaviors and thoughts related to cleanliness and avoidance of the virus. In addition to threatening people's physical health, Covid-19 also threatens their mental health.   اختلال وسواس فکری- عملی,کووید 19 ,وضعیت اجتماعی- اقتصادی Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Covid-19, Socio-economic status 124 135 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-6808-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Hafez Safari حافظ صفری 3900319475328460071612 3900319475328460071612 No PhD Student of Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran دانشجوی دکترای روان شناسی بالینی، گروه روان شناسی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،بیرجند، ایران Seyyed Abdolmajid Bahrainian سیدعبدالمجید بحرینیان majid.bahrainian@gmail.com 3900319475328460071613 3900319475328460071613 Yes Professor, Department of Psychology, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran استاد، گروه روان شناسی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،بیرجند، ایران Mohammad hassan Ghanifar محمدحسن غنی فر 3900319475328460071614 3900319475328460071614 No Assistant professor, Department of Psychology, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran استادیار، گروه روان شناسی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران