Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
مجله علوم پزشکی رازی
RJMS
Medical Sciences
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir
39
journal39
2228-7043
2228-7051
en
jalali
1401
4
1
gregorian
2022
7
1
29
4
online
1
fulltext
fa
مقایسه اثربخشی درمانهای رفتار درمانی دیالکتیکی و شفقت درمانی بر اضطراب، تحمل آشفتگی و تنظیم هیجانی در بازماندگان بیماری کووید- 19
Comparison of the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy and compassion therapy on anxiety, disturbance tolerance and emotional regulation in Covid-19 survivors
روانشناسی بالینی
Clinical Psychiatry
پژوهشي
Research
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:#0070c0">زمینه و هدف: </span></span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">با توجه به لزوم بهبود سلامت روان بازماندگان ویروس کرونا و عدم انجام مطالعات کافی در این حوزه، هدف از انجام تحقیق حاضر مقایسه اثربخشی درمان­های رفتار درمانی دیالکتیکی و شفقت درمانی بر تحمل آشفتگی، نگرانی و تنظیم هیجانی در بازماندگان بیماری کووید- 19 بود.</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:#0070c0"> روش­ کار:</span></span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black"> برای انجام تحقیق</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">نیمه­تجربی حاضر که </span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">با</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">طرح</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">پیش­آزمون</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">پس­آزمون</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">با</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">گروه­های</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">کنترل</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">آزمون</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">انجام شد از بین بازماندگان جانباختگان بیماری کرونا در شهر مشهد که در بهار و تابستان 1399 در شبکه­های اجتماعی عضو بودند، 60 نفر با</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">روش نمونه­گیری</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">دسترس</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">انتخاب</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">به</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">صورت</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">تصادفی</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">به</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">سه</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">گروه</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">تقسیم شدند. سپس پرسشنامه­های اضطراب کرونا (علیپور و همکاران، 1399)، 3 تنظیم هیجانی (گراتز و رومر، 2004) و تحمل آشفتگی (سیمونز و گاهر، 2005) در پیش آزمون از طریق شبکه­های اجتماعی (کانال تلگرام، واتساپ و اینستاگرام) در اختیار آزمودنی­ها قرار داده شد سپس گروه­های</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">مداخله 10</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">جلسه 90 دقیقه­ای</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">به</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">تفکیک</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">با</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">روش­های</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">درمان دیالکتیکی</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">شفقت درمانی</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">آموزش</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">دیدند و مجددا پرسشنامه­ها را تکمیل کردند. نهایتا داده­ها با</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">روش­های</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">تحلیل</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">کوواریانس</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">چندمتغیری</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">آزمون</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">تعقیبی</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">بونفرونی</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">تحلیل</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">شدند.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:#0070c0">یافتهها:</span></span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black"> نتایج</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">نشان</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">داد دو روش</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">درمان دیالکتیکی و شفقت درمانی باعث</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">کاهش</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">معنادار اضطراب کرونا، افزایش تحمل آشفتگی و</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">افزایش تنظیم هیجانی</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">شدند. همچنین روش درمانی دیالکتیک از اثربخشی بیشتری برخوردار</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">بود.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:#0070c0">نتیجه­ گیری:</span></span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black"> با توجه به نتایج استفاده از دو نوع روش و مخصوصا روش دیالکتیک جهت بهبود وضعیت روان­شناختی بازماندگان بیماری کرونا توصیه می­شود.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:#0070c0">Background & Aims:</span></span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">During an outbreak of a disease such as coronary heart disease, fear of disease and fear of death, along with disruption of daily activities, cause people to become involved with disease anxiety (1). Anxiety about Covid-19 is common, and seems to be due to the fact that it is largely unknown and confusing to people about the virus. Fear of the unknown reduces the perception of safety in humans and has always been anxious for humans. About Covid-19 This lack of scientific information also exacerbates this anxiety (2).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">Turbulence tolerance, on the other hand, is defined as the capacity to experience and tolerate negative psychological states. Disorder may be the result of cognitive or physical processes, but it manifests as an emotional state that is often characterized by a desire to act to alleviate the emotional experience (3). Therefore, increasing the tolerance of turbulence can help improve the mental health of people, especially the survivors of Quid-19 disease. In addition, it seems that the inability to regulate emotion during threatening and anxious situations can also be an important factor in coronary anxiety. The importance of the subject is such that psychologists define emotion regulation as the process of initiating, maintaining, and modifying one's experience and expression of emotions (4). Due to the above, anxiety control and emotion regulation are very important for survivors of coronary heart disease, so researchers are looking for a way to improve the psychological condition of these people. In this regard, one of the new therapies that treat the third wave. It is well known and has attracted the attention of many psychologists in recent years, it is a dialectical behavior therapy. Which is a cognitive-behavioral method that was first used to treat borderline disease and its core is emotion (6). Also, another new treatment method is compassion therapy. Self-compassion as a way to reduce anxiety associated with mental disorders. Compassionate therapy can play a protective role against depression, anxiety and repressive thinking. This treatment can develop self-compassion and reduce self-critical burden of depression, anxiety and stress, suppress negative thoughts and emotions, and emotional regulation. And be self-controlled. Self-compassion is defined as a three-component construct including kindness to oneself versus self-judgment, human commonalities versus isolation, and mindfulness versus increasing assimilation (8).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">Considering the above, the effect of corona on anxiety and cognitive regulation of emotion on the one hand, the importance of using a method to control and reduce these symptoms in coronary survivors on the other hand, contradiction in research results and lack of research Research variables Therefore, the researcher seeks to answer the question of whether there is a difference between the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy and compassion therapy on anxiety, tolerance of turmoil and emotional regulation in survivors of Covid-19 disease or not?</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:#0070c0">Methods:</span></span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">The present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">control and test groups. The population of the present study consisted of the survivors of coronary heart disease victims in Mashhad who were members of social networks in the spring and summer of 1399. Inclusion criteria included 3 to 10 months after the death of a family member due to corona, having at least a diploma, not undergoing psychological treatment, not taking psychiatric drugs and no stressful events such as divorce and death of loved ones in three months In the past, being 30 to 60 years old and not having a history of divorce and exclusion criteria included missing more than one session and canceling further cooperation. The questionnaires were designed and provided to the subjects through social networks (Telegram, WhatsApp and Instagram channels) so that people who want to participate in the research can answer the questions. A total of 60 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced in three equal groups (10 pairs in each group). The intervention groups were trained in 10 sessions of 90 minutes separately with dialectical therapy and compassion therapy methods and the control group was placed on a waiting list for training. In this study, data collection tools are: 1. Demographic information questionnaire, 2. Corona anxiety questionnaire (Alipour et al., 1399) (14), 3. Emotional regulation questionnaire (Graz and Roemer, 2004) (15), 4. Turbulence Tolerance Questionnaire (Simmons & Gaher, 2005) (3), 5. Dialectical Behavior Therapy Protocol and 6. Compassion-Based Therapy Protocol. Finally, descriptive statistics (table and graph) and Shapiro-Wilk tests, analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc using SPSS software were used to analyze the data.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:#0070c0">Results: </span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">The results showed that the statistical significance of Wilkes's lambda test was less than 0.05 and was therefore significant. Therefore, it can be found that there is a significant difference between the groups of dialectical therapy, compassion therapy and control in at least one of the variables of coronary anxiety, disturbance tolerance and emotional regulation. Therefore, according to the above results, there are conditions for using multivariate analysis of covariance.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">On the other hand, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the intervention methods in all three variables of coronary anxiety (CS), perturbation tolerance (DT) and emotional regulation (ER).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">The results of post hoc test showed that both dialectical and compassionate therapies significantly reduced coronary anxiety, increased turbulence tolerance and increased emotional regulation in comparison with the control group. Also, dialectical therapy was more effective in reducing coronary anxiety, increasing turbulence tolerance and increasing emotional regulation compared to compassion therapy.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:#0070c0">Conclusion:</span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black"> In general, the results showed that: Dialectical therapy significantly reduced coronary anxiety, increased disturbance tolerance and increased emotional regulation. Compassion therapy significantly reduced coronary anxiety, increased turbulence tolerance, and increased emotional regulation. Dialectical therapy is more effective than compassionate therapy in reducing coronary anxiety, increasing turbulence tolerance, and increasing emotional regulation. The findings of the present study are consistent with some of the results of research by Soler et al. (2009) who concluded that dialectical behavior therapy is effective in improving anxiety and emotional instability (16). Also, the results of the present study confirm some of the findings of the study of Steele et al. (2011) who found that dialectical behavior therapy reduces anxiety symptoms (17). In addition, the findings of the present study, along with some of the results of research by Wang et al. (2020) who found that compassion therapy is effective in conceptualizing emotional responses (18). Is consistent. On the other hand, the results of the present study confirm some of the findings of the study of Richard and Ser (2015) who found that dialectical behavior therapy is effective in improving anxiety (9). Also, the findings of the present study are consistent with some of the results of Modarres Gharavi (2011) that receiving dialectical behavior therapy is effective in significantly increasing anxiety tolerance.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
اضطراب, تحمل آشفتگی, تنظیم هیجانی, رفتار درمانی دیالکتیکی, شفقت درمانی
Anxiety, Turbulence Tolerance, Emotional Regulation, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Compassion Therapy
160
168
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-6792-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Davood
Hemmtian Khayat
داوود
همتیان خیاط
3900319475328460066020
3900319475328460066020
No
Department of Educational Sciences and Counseling, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
گروه علوم تربیتی و مشاوره، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران
Hamid
Nejat
حمید
نجات
hnejat54@yahoo.com
3900319475328460066021
3900319475328460066021
Yes
Department of Educational Sciences and Counseling, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
گروه علوم تربیتی و مشاوره، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران
Ali Akbar
Samari
علی اکبر
ثمری
3900319475328460066022
3900319475328460066022
No
Department of Health Psychology, Kashmar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashmar, Iran
گروه روانشناسی سلامت، واحد کاشمر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کاشمر، ایران
Ehsan
Ormaz
احسان
ارمز
3900319475328460066023
3900319475328460066023
No
Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
گروه آمار و ریاضی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران