Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

fa تاثیر فعالیت بدنی بر عملکرد حرکتی و سطوح سرمی فاکتورهای ضدالتهابی ورزشکاران The Effect of Physical Activity on Motor Function and Serum Levels of Anti-inflammatory Factors in Athletes فیزیولوژی ورزش Exercise Physiology پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">زمینه و هدف: امروزه علوم ورزشی و تربیت بدنی در اکثر زمینه‌های تخصصی پیشرفت چشمگیری داشته است. یکی از مباحث مهم این حیطه که پیوسته در حال دگرگونی می‌باشد و به سمت رشد نسبی و تکامل گام بر می‌دارد، علم تمرین است. روش کار: پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر هشت هفته تمرین منتخب بر سطوح سرمی IL-6،IL-4  و عملکرد حرکتی بازیکنان نخبه واترپلو اجرا شد. بدین منظور 30 واترپلو کار مرد (با میانگین سنی 2±23 سال جامعه این پژوهش کلیه واترپلویست‌های شهر مشهد که حداقل سابقه شش سال تمرین مداوم و حضور در لیگ برتر واترپلوی کشور را دارا باشند به صورت تصادفی به دو گروه 15 نفری تجربی (تمرین  منتخب واترپلو) و کنترل (تمرین  سنتی واترپلو)  تقسیم شدند. تمرین منتخب واترپلو به مدت هشت هفته و هر هفته 6 جلسه انجام شد. به مدت 9 ساعت در هفته، در تمرین سنتی ما استفاده از انواع مختلف شنا را نداشتیم و فقط از شنای سر بالا استفاده شد. مطابق تمرینات عادی تیم‌های واترپلو، کنترل شدت تمرینات از روش کارونن به عنوان درصدی از حداکثر ضربان قلب بیشینه (%MHR 80-100) استفاده شد؛ هم‌چنین هر هفته به میزان پنج درصد بر شدت تمرینات افزوده شد. در این پژوهش تست‌های عملکردی واترپلو شامل رکورد شنای 50 متر، شنای 100 متر سربالا، شنای 200 متر کرال سینه، شنای 50×6 متر و شنای 400 متر بود. جهت بررسی سطوح سرمی IL-6، IL-45 سی سی خون وریدی در مرحله پیش و پس آزمون گرفته شد و با روش الایزای ساندویچی سنجش گردید. برای مقایسه میانگین های اندازه گیری شده از آزمون تی (t-test) در سطح معنی داری  05/0 P<استفاده شد.  یافته‌ها: نشان داد هشت هفته تمرین منتخب واترپلو سبب تغییرات معنی‌دار در سطوح IL-4 پلاسمایی واترپلویست‌های نخبه شد (05/0P<) ولی با این وجود نتواست تغییرات معنی‌داری در سطوح  IL-6و عملکرد واترپلوئیست‌ها در شنای 50 متر،  100متر، 200 متر و 400 متر ایجاد کند. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که احتمالا تمرینات فشرده و طولانی‌تری جهت بهبود عملکرد حرکتی بازیکنان نخبه واترپلو مورد نیاز است و هنوز اطلاعات در این حوزه نیازمند تحقیق بیشتری است.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Background & Aims: New progress has been made in more than one field of sports science. One of the most important and current topics in the development of this field is the science of practice. In recent years, coping with a sedentary and car-free life is of particular importance to societies today, as doing exercise programs has become an undeniable necessity for disease prevention and quality of life. Noses. According to the design of exercise science, the best type of exercise to record the best record is the exercise that becomes the same sport according to the physiological needs and had the most similarity with its competitive conditions (4). Therefore, better selection and design in special training for swimming and water polo training needs to be found due to the competitive competition during the working group, which needs to maintain higher physical and motor fitness. In this regard, exercise immunology studies have focused on key components of immune functions such as immune cells, immunoglobulins, glutamines and messenger molecules (cytokines) and the effects of environmental, nutritional and exercise factors. Meanwhile, interleukin-6 attracts a lot of attention because on the one hand it is in the post-exercise period that increases insulin release and on the other hand it is associated with obesity and decreased insulin function (12). There are conflicting findings about the appropriate intensity to reduce inflammatory factors and observe the anti-inflammatory effects of physical activity. Exercise with moderate and high intensity and duration in the training period has a greater effect on inflammatory variables and reduces inflammatory factors, and lower intensities have less effects (49). Although little research has been done on the relationship between intermittent exercise and changes in interleukin and interleukin-6; But mainly in them, only nutritional and medical interventions are emphasized and more on patients. In the present study, the changes of these factors in relation to the adaptations of intense periodic training on water polo athletes without nutritional and pharmacological considerations are investigated. Finally, it seeks to answer the question, what effect does eight weeks of selected training have on the serum levels of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-6 elite water polo players? Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of selected training on serum levels of IL-6, IL-4 and motor performance of elite water polo players. For this purpose, 20 male water polo players (with a mean age of 23 years) were randomly divided into two groups of 10 experimental (selected water polo training) and control (traditional water polo training). Selected water polo training was performed for eight weeks and 6 sessions per week. To control the intensity of training, used percentage of maximum heart rate (80-100% MHR); Also, the intensity of training was increased by 5% every week. In this study, water polo performance tests included a record of 50 meters swimming, 100 meters high swimming, 200 meters’ breaststroke, 6 ×50 meters swimming and 400 meters swimming. To evaluate the serum levels of IL-6, IL-4 5 cc of venous blood was taken in the pre- and post-test stages and measured by sandwich ELISA method. To compare the measured means, t-test was used at a significant level of P < 0.05. Results: The results showed that eight weeks of selected water polo training caused significant changes in IL-4 levels of elite water polo players (P < 0.05), however, there were no significant changes in IL-6 levels and water polo players' performance. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that eight weeks of selected water polo exercises had a significant increase in serum IL-4 level in the experimental group but these results did not show a significant increase in IL-6 serum level in the experimental group. Also, the results of our research did not show significant changes in the swimming records of 50 meters, 100 meters, 200 meters and 400 meters in experimental subjects after eight weeks of selected water polo training. Consistent with our research results, many studies have reported an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines after a period of exercise (29-31). Among the studies that examined the effect of exercise on serum interleukin-4 levels; According to the results of our study, Baldusi et al. (2010) in a study measured the effect of one year of aerobic and resistance training on diabetic patients and observed a significant increase in interleukin 4 in one of their research groups compared to the control group. The results of some studies have also shown that obesity causes the production of TNF-α, leptin and proinflammatory cytokines such as 4-IL and 5-IL in patients with asthma (8). Regarding studies close to the present study, we can refer to Nikzad et al. (2017), who showed that twelve weeks of swimming training (on mice). Has decreased the amount of proinflammatory cytokine 6-IL. Ebrahimpour et al. (2017,) also showed that 8 weeks of endurance swimming training increased the inflammatory effects of breast cancer by increasing interleukin-10 and decreasing interleukin-6 in heart tissue (3). Also, the research of Kapomakio et al. (2011) on the effect of physical exercise on swimmers, an increase in interleukin-6 expression levels and no change in interleukin-6 receptor in the training group compared to the control group was observed. Rihaneh et al. In 2013 achieved almost the same findings, so that in the studies of these researchers, 6-IL was significantly increased as a result of exercise (25). Also, our results showed that 8 weeks of selected training had no effect on motor performance on elite water polo players. In this regard, Brasula et al. (2016) investigated the effect of four weeks of swimming training and beta-alanine supplementation on repetitive speed performance in 22 elite male water polo players (23). Before and after receiving the supplement, the subjects performed repetitive speed performance tests in a session of 30 minutes with an interval of 30 minutes. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups as a result of the first iterative speed performance. However, this difference was statistically significant as a result of the second iterative speed performance test. Other important factors in achieving these results include the nature of the sport of water polo and its basic skill, namely swimming. As mentioned before, swimming is a sport that in addition to physical fitness, the technical performance of the swimmer also plays a major role in improving its performance. In fact, improving the performance and record of the athlete is not only a function of physiological and physical factors. The control group also performed the exercises intensively. Their performance also improved, but the rate of change was greater in the selected exercise group, although it was not statistically significant Overall, our results showed that eight weeks of selected water polo training caused significant changes in plasma levels of interleukin-4 elite water polo players, however, it could not cause significant changes in plasma levels of interleukin-6. </div> <pre> </pre> فاکتورهای ضد-التهابی, اینترلوکین 6, اینترلوکین 4, واترپولو, عملکرد حرکتی Anti-inflammatory factors, Interleukin 6, Interleukin 4, Water Polo, Motor function 1 14 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5553-5&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Seyed Mojtaba Hoseini سید مجتبی حسینی 3900319475328460081216 3900319475328460081216 No PhD Student of Sport Physiology, Department of Physical Education, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran دانشجوی دکترای فیزیولوژی ورزش، گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد نیشابور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نیشابور، ایران Amene Barjeste Yazdi آمنه برجسته یزدی barjaste.amene469@gmail.com 3900319475328460081217 3900319475328460081217 Yes Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran استادیار، گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد نیشابور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نیشابور، ایران Rambod Khajei رامبد خواجه ای 3900319475328460081218 3900319475328460081218 No Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran استادیار، گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد نیشابور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نیشابور، ایران Amir Rashidlamir امیر رشیدلمیر 3900319475328460081219 3900319475328460081219 No Associate Professor, Department of Sport Biochemistry and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran دانشیار، دکتری تخصصی بیوشیمی و متابولیسم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران