Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

fa تغییرات بیان ژن P53 بافت کبد و شاخص مقاومت به انسولین در رتهای چاق دیابتی پس از تمرین تناوبی و ژل رویال n کروموزومی Changes in Hepatocyte p53 Gene Expression and Insulin Resistance Index in Obese Diabetic Rats after Interval Training and N-Chromosomal Royal Jelly فیزیوتراپی ورزشی Sports Physiotherapy پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">زمینه و هدف: دیابت نوع دو شایعترین بیماری درونریز است که بهدلیل عدم تحمل گلوکز دراثر برهمخوردن تعادل بین ذخایر و تقاضای انسولین رخ میدهد. برای درمان هایپرگلیسمی و عوارض ثانویه آن در بیماران دیابتی علی رغم تحقیقات گسترده علل این اختلال متابولیک هنوز در سطح مولکولی به خوبی شناخته نشده است. همانطور که p53 یک ژن مهار کننده تومور است که بیشتر با سرطان در ارتباط است، با این حال، آخرین پژوهش‌ها نقش حیاتی p53 را در توسعه دیابت نشان می‌دهد که چگونه سیگنالینگ p53 می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک هدف درمانی بالقوه جدید برای دیابت و اختلالات متابولیکی مرتبط با آن عمل کند. هدف پژوهش حاضر مطالعه تغییرات بیان ژن P53 بافت کبد و شاخص مقاومت بهانسولین پس از انجام تمرین تناوبی و ژل رویال در رتهای چاق دیابتی نوع دو بود. </div> روش کار: نمونه آماری پژوهش حاضر 36 سر موشهای صحرایی نر چاق با میانگین وزن 409 گرم بودند. پس از20 هفته تغذیه با رژیم پرچرب با تزریق درون صفاقی 25 میلی‌گرم STZ به ازای کیلوگرم وزن موش‌ها دیابتی شدند. موش‌هایی که گلوکز ناشتای آن‌ها بین150 تا400 میلی‌گرم در دسی‌لیتر بود دیابتی نوع دوم در نظر گرفته شد. موش‌های دیابتی در 4 گروه کنترل (6 سر)، تمرین تناوبی (8 سر)، ژل رویال (7 سر)، تمرین تناوبی شدید ژل رویال (8 سر) گروه‌بندی و پروتکل تمرینی و گاواژ ژل رویال روی آن‌ها اجرا شد. هشت هفته تمرین تناوبی شدید، پنج جلسه در هفته با تناوب شدید 2 دقیقه‌ای80 تا 90 درصد VO2max و تناوب استراحت یک دقیقه‌ای با 50 تا 56 درصد VO2max اجرا شد. ژل رویال بصورت گاواژ به میزان 100 میلی‌گرم برکیلوگرم 5 روز در هفته داده شد. <div style="text-align: justify;">یافته‌ها: تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه و دوعاملی و آزمون تعقیبی نشان داد در مقایسه با گروه کنترل، تمرین تناوبی شدید به کاهش معنیدار گلوکز و شاخص مقاومت به انسولین منجر شد و تمرین تناوبی به کاهش بیان ژن P53 در سلول‌های کبدی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل منجر شد (001/0 P=).</div> نتیجه گیری: تمرین تناوبی و مصرف ژل رویال نیز به کاهش غیر معنی دار بیان ژن P53 در سلول‌های کبدی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل منجر شد. نتایج ضریب همبستگی نیز بین تغییرات شاخص مقاومت به انسولین و بیان ژن P53 در گروه‌های تجربی معنی‌دار نبود.   Background & Aims: Type 2 diabetes is the most common endocrine disease that occurs due to glucose intolerance due to imbalance between reserves and insulin demand. For the treatment of hyperglycemia and its side effects in diabetic patients, despite extensive research, the causes of this metabolic disorder are still not well understood at the molecular level. Some studies have reported that strenuous exercise leads to apoptosis in rat intestinal lymphocytes in rats, but exercising voluntarily on a treadmill reduces apoptosis. Induction or inhibition of apoptosis is still questionable. One of the ways of treatment and prevention is regular physical activity for patients. But what kind of sport and with what kind of protocol is a question that researchers are always looking for. Considering the role of exercise and sports activities in the prevention and control of obesity and diabetes, adopting different training methods to prevent and reduce the prevalence of obesity and also help reduce the process of obesity and its complications such as cardio metabolic diseases such as fatty liver and diabetes and etc. is necessary in studies. In traditional medicine, herbal and traditional medicines are used to prevent and treat metabolic diseases such as diabetes and fatty liver. Royal Jelly is a yellowish-white substance secreted by the submandibular glands of worker bees and consumed by queen bees throughout life and larvae during the growing season. Royal gel (RJ) and its bioactive compounds have a wide range of drugs due to their antioxidant effects and antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, and immune system properties. Also plays an important role in protecting the liver and kidneys, and in diabetic patients, it showed a decreasing effect on blood sugar and a decrease in lipid peroxidation levels and an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as CAT, GSH-PX and SOD.  As p53 is a tumor-inhibiting gene that is more closely associated with cancer, however, recent research shows the vital role of p53 in the development of diabetes, how p53 signaling can serve as a potential new therapeutic target for diabetes and Operate related metabolic disorders. The P53 gene, a tumor suppressor gene that mutates and inactivates a wide range of cancers, has been dubbed the "genome protector", but new research has shown that it has profound effects on metabolism. Its activation can lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes, which is why the gene has been dubbed the "protector against obesity". While the role of this gene has been well known for decades in cancer research, little is known about its role in metabolism. Previous studies have shown that the role of P53 in metabolism is essential in its function in suppressing tumors. This gene also has effects on heart disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes.  The aim of this study was to study changes in p53 gene expression in liver tissue and insulin resistance index after HIIT and Royal Jelly in obese type 2 diabetic rats. Methods: The statistical subject of the present study consisted of wistar rats. After 20 weeks of high-fat diet, rats became diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg STZ per kg body weight. Mice with fasting glucose between 150 and 400 mg /dL were considered to have type 2 diabetes. Mice were treated in 4 groups: 6-head diabetic control, 8-period periodic training, 7-head Royal Jelly, 8-head Periodic Exercise, and 8-head Royal Jelly training group and training protocol and gel-royal gavage. The HIIT protocol consisted of eight weeks of aerobic exercise, five sessions per week with a gradual increase in extreme frequency from 22 to 38 meters per minute and a rest period of 16 to 22 meters per minute for 15 to 34 minutes by running on a treadmill. Running time increased from 16 minutes in the first week to 34 minutes in the eighth week. At the end of the training period and 48 hours after the last training session, the experimental training groups and after 12 hours of fasting, the rats were anesthetized and sacrificed by ether anesthetic. Blood samples were collected from the heart. Glucose was measured using an auto-analyzer. Insulin measured by a special kit of Pars Azmoun Company. The insulin resistance index was calculated using the formula and gene expression was also determined by RT-PCR. To describe the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to compare the differences between groups and two-factor analysis of variance and effect size index were used to compare the effect of each of the independent variables. Significance level it was considered p≤0.05. Results: Data analysis using one way and two-way analysis of variance test showed that: 1. Mean glucose concentration (mg /dL) in the exercise group compared to the control was significantly reduced (P = 0.005) and in the exercise-royal gel group compared to the royal gel group had no significant difference and had a significant decrease compared to the control in the gel exercise group. (P = 0.001) 2. Mean insulin concentration (IUI / ml) in the exercise group was significantly increased compared to the control (P = 0.005) but the royal jelly group had a significant increase compared to the control. In the exercise group, Royal Jelly had a non-significant increase compared to control. 3. The mean insulin resistance index in the exercise group was significantly lower than the control group and Royal jelly (P = 0.044)  4. Mean P53 gene expression showed that, HIIT reduced P53 gene expression in hepatocytes compared with controls (P <0.001). HIIT and Royal Jelly also reduced P53 gene expression in hepatocytes compared with the control group. Conclusion: Results shown that HIIT and Royal Jelly also reduced P53 gene expression in hepatocytes compared with the control group. In general, according to the research results, it can be concluded that HIIT as well as interaction with Royal Jelly can reduce the expression of P53 gene and improve glucose levels due to the effect of genetic components effective in the release of hepatic glucose and in Type 2 diabetic patients are effective, although the results showed that the correlation coefficient between changes in insulin resistance index and P53 gene expression was not significant in the experimental groups. Royal jelly due to various vitamin and protein compounds and phenolic compounds and good substitutes for the role of glucose, as well as various antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles, etc., regulates carbohydrate metabolism, especially glucose, and regulates lipid metabolism and reduces hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. And reduce insulin resistance and prevent oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in people with type 2 diabetes, which is associated with exercise-related diabetes and is usually associated with overweight and obesity, but Royal Jelly alone cannot be used in these areas. And changes in the P53 gene are effective, and the use of aerobic exercise programs such as interval training can improve its effectiveness, however, further studies are needed in this area. تمرین تناوبی شدید, ‌ژل رویال ,ژن P53 , موش دیابتی High intensity interval training, Royal Jelly, P53 gene, Diabetic rat 28 42 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5008-4&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Masoud Jahantash مسعود جهان تاش masoudjahantash@gmail.com 3900319475328460083619 3900319475328460083619 No PhD Student, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran دانشجوی دکتری، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Hossein Abed Natanzi 2. حسین عابد نطنزی abednazari@gmail.com 3900319475328460083620 3900319475328460083620 Yes Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran استادیار، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Mandana Gholami 3. ماندانا غلامی Gholami_man@yahoo.com 3900319475328460083621 3900319475328460083621 No Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran دانشیار، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Farshad Ghazalian 4. فرشاد غزالیان Phdghazalian@gmail.com 3900319475328460083622 3900319475328460083622 No Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran دانشیار، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران