Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

fa سنجش آلودگی صوتی در استخرهای سرپوشیده با تاکید بر سلامت پرسنل و کاربران (مورد مطالعه شهر مشهد) Measurement of Noise Pollution in Indoor Pools with Emphasis on the Health of Users (Case study: Mashhad City) آسیب‌شناسی Pathology پژوهشي Research زمینه و هدف: هر چند امواج صوتی به عنوان یک عامل ضروری در زندگی انسان محسوب می‌شوند، اما در بعضی شرایط خاص، قرار گرفتن بیش از حدمجاز در معرض صداهای آزار دهنده، سبب افت شنوایی در انسان خواهد شد. لذا، سنجش آلودگی صوتی در حفظ سلامت افراد نقش بسزایی دارد. روش کار: هدف تحقیق، سنجش آلودگی صوتی در استخرهای سرپوشیده با تاکید بر سلامت پرسنل و کاربران استخرهای سرپوشیده شهر مشهد بود. تراز صوتی به صورت تراز معادل توسط دستگاه پرتابل و نرم‌افزار Decibel X نسخه 2020 اندازه‌گیری و با استاندارد صوتی (OSHA-90 dBA) مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. اندازه‌گیری‌ها در 3 نوبت به محاسبه پارامترهای تراز فشار صوت (SPL)، میانگین تراز صوتی(<m:omath><m:acc><m:accpr><m:chr m:val="̅"><m:ctrlpr></m:ctrlpr></m:chr></m:accpr><m:e><m:r><m:rpr><m:scr m:val="roman"><m:sty m:val="p"></m:sty></m:scr></m:rpr>LP</m:r></m:e></m:acc></m:omath> )،‌ تراز پیوسته معادل صدا (Leq) و دز روزانه فردی LAEp,d پرداخت. یافته‌ها: کمترین تراز فشار صوت در نوبت اول برابر 5/76 دسی‌بل و بیشترین تراز فشار در نوبت دوم برابر با 7/97 دسی‌بل بود. میانگین تراز فشار صوت متناسب با تغییر ساعت از صبح (11 صبح) به سمت شب (8 عصر) افزایش می‌یابد. میانگین تراز صوت در استخرهای سرپوشیده برابر با dB 4/78 و تراز معادل 42/85 و دز روزانه فردی LEp,d پرسنل و کاربران به ترتیب برابر 45/92 و 15/87 دسی‌بل است. مدت زمان مجاز مواجهه با صدا برای کاربران 1ساعت و 30دقیقه و برای پرسنل 5 ساعت برآورد شدکه نشان می‌دهد کاربران 30دقیقه و پرسنل 3 ساعت بیشتر از حد مجاز در معرض آلودگی صوتی هستند. نتیجه‌گیری: در استخرهای سرپوشیده شهر مشهد، پرسنل و کاربران در معرض آلودگی صوتی بالایی قرار دارند و احتمال آسیب‌های جسمی و روانی زیاد است. تراز‌های صوتی موجود، از استانداردهای جهانی و ملی بالاتر بوده و حاکی از آن است که بهره گرفتن از اصول مدیریت مهندسی برای کاهش تراز صوت در استخرهای سرپوشیده الزامی است.   Background & Aims: Although sound waves are considered as an essential factor in human life, but in some cases and in special circumstances, hearing these sound waves is not very pleasant and exposure to annoying sounds too much will cause hearing loss in humans. (1). Noise pollution is defined as the emission of any kind of noise and excessive vibration in open spaces and is one of the examples of damage to the environment (2); So that it will have very clear effects on human health and ecosystems (3). In addition to the negative impact on the auditory system, noise as a stressful source will also affect the human heart and arteries and stimulate the nervous system, cause anxiety and increase mental health problems (7). Environmental conditions have a significant impact on how sound is emitted. However, after a period of exposure to noise, man becomes accustomed to those conditions; But again, noise pollution is a cause of fatigue and reduces the capacity of human work, both in mental jobs and in simple physical jobs. On the other hand, noise pollution affects the mental state of people and causes problems in adapting to their work environment and even the community and family; the result will be a reduction in productivity and productivity (10). Gyms and swimming pools are poorly sounded environments due to the lack of sound-absorbing materials, noisy sports activities, the simultaneous presence of many users, and the heavy use of whistles for communication. As a result, physical education educators not only suffer from prolonged stress and strain, but are also exposed to noise-induced hearing loss. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully analyze all the factors that can affect the noise in these environments, in order to provide guidelines for officials and planners for stress management and hearing protection programs (11). The present research is an applied research that has been done by networking method. The purpose of this study was to measure noise pollution in indoor pools with emphasis on the health of staff and users of indoor pools in Mashhad. Methods: The sound level was measured as an equivalent level by the portable device and software Decibel X version 2020 and was compared with the sound standard (OSHA-90 dBA). Measurements Calculated the parameters of sound pressure level (SPL), average sound level (LP) ̅), continuous sound equivalent level (Leq) and individual daily dose of LAEp, d in 3 shifts. Results: The lowest sound pressure level in the first turn was 76.5 dB and the highest pressure level in the second turn was 97.7 dB. The average sound pressure level increases with the change of time from morning (11 am) tonight (8 pm). The average sound level in indoor pools is equal to 78.4 dB and the level is equal to 85.42 and the individual daily dose of LEp, d personnel and users is 92.45 and 87.15 dB, respectively. The permissible noise exposure time was estimated at 1 hour and 30 minutes for users and 5 hours for personnel, indicating that users were 30 minutes and personnel 3 hours more exposed to noise pollution than allowed. Conclusion: In the indoor pools of Mashhad, staff and users are exposed to high noise pollution and the possibility of physical and psychological injuries is high. Existing sound levels are higher than international and national standards and indicate that the use of engineering management principles is necessary to reduce the sound level in indoor pools. Swimming is one of the most popular sports activities. Diving in water, the whistling of coaches and saviors, moving equipment, the sound of music playing, athletes talking, emotional screams, etc. all provide the ground for raising the sound level. Accordingly, the prolonged or frequent presence of an athlete in an environment with high noise levels, can increase the risk of injuries due to noise pollution and may even reduce his efficiency. The results of the present study showed that the sound level in the shifts in which men were present was not much different from the shifts of women. Also, in the morning sports times (11/15/11), the sound level was significantly lower than in the evening (17-17-17), which is probably due to the smaller number of athletes in the morning compared to the evening.  In general, the absence of the above conditions has caused an increase in the sound level in the selected indoor pools. Of course, there was no significant difference in terms of sound level in different areas of Mashhad and in this regard, there can be no difference in terms of sound level published in indoor pools based on zoning in Mashhad. This research is methodologically consistent with the research conducted by Taheri et al. (1398) (32). But; their results cannot be generalized and compared with each other, because the environment studied in this study was closed space. However, the results are to a large extent consistent with the results of studies of Bahmanpour et al. (2011), Mafi et al. (2009) (28, 11). Comparison of the average sound level in the indoor pools studied with international standards shows that most of the measured pools (except pools 9 and 10) have a lower average sound level than the NIOSH, OSHA and ACGIH standards. However, all the pools studied have a sound level higher than the standard of the Environmental Protection Agency, as well as the standard of leisure centers and parks in the United Kingdom (which is equal to 55 decibels). They also differ from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) standard of 55-65 decibels. On the other hand, the allowable exposure to the sound level in the studied pools for athletes is 1 hour and 30 minutes, which is basically 30 minutes less than the current time. In other words, at present, athletes are exposed to sound levels for about 30 minutes longer than allowed. Also, for employees (management and employees) the allowable limit of 5 hours was set, which is basically 3 hours less than the current situation. Therefore, due to the sound level in swimming pools, personnel should be present in the pool environment for 3 hours less so as not to be exposed to high sound levels.   آلودگی صدا, تراز معادل صوت, سلامت ورزشکاران, استخرهای سرپوشیده, شهر مشهد Noise Pollution, Equivalent Noise Level, Athletes' Health, Indoor Pools, Mashhad City 76 90 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-6242-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Babak Asghari بابک اصغری 3900319475328460065848 3900319475328460065848 No PhD Student, Department of Physical Education, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران Ali Fahiminezhad علی فهیمی نژاد afahimi77@gmail.com 3900319475328460065847 3900319475328460065847 Yes Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran استادیار مدیریت ورزشی، گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران Bagher Morsal باقر مرسل morsal1361@gmail.com 3900319475328460065849 3900319475328460065849 No Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran استادیار مدیریت ورزشی، گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران Heydar Lotfi حیدر لطفی Heydare.lotfi@gmail.com 3900319475328460065850 3900319475328460065850 No Associate Professor, Department of Political Geography and Tourism, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran دانشیار، گروه جغرافیای سیاسی و گردشگری، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران