Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

fa سلامت معنوی حلقه مفقودی تاب‌آوری پرستاران در پاندمی کرونا: یافته‌های مقاله مروری مفهومی Spiritual health of nurses' resilience missing link in the Corona pandemic: Findings of a conceptual review articlen روانشناسی بالینی Clinical Psychiatry مروري review article زمینه و هدف: انسان مخلوقی پیچیده است که بُعدهای مختلف شناختی، اجتماعی، عاطفی و معنوی را شامل می‌گردد. جدیدترین بُعد سلامت  که سبب تقویت کارکرد روانی و سازگاری فرد می‌شود، سلامت معنوی می‌باشد. البته یکی از عوامل پایه تأمین سلامت معنوی افراد، تاب‌آوری است که این ظرفیت برای حرفه پرستاری ضروری بشمار می‌آید. زیرا یکی از مسئولیت‌های پرستاران حفظ عملکرد در شرایط استرس‌زا می‌باشد که این امر جز با تاب‌آوری مطلوب پرستار، میسر نخواهد بود. لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر سلامت معنوی پرستاران انجام شد. روش کار: این پژوهش به صورت مروری مفهومی طراحی گردید. در مطالعه حاضر، مطالعات فارسی در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی فارسی زبان مانند Noormags، Elmnet، Magiran، Sid با کلید واژه‌های سلامت مذهبی، پرستار، از سال 1389-1399جستجو شد. برای جستجوی مطالعات انگلیسی به زبان انگلیسی از کلید واژه nurses و spirtual well-being در پایگاه داده‌های Google Scholar و Pubmed در بین سال 2010-2020 استفاده گردید. این واژه‌ها اغلب به صورت جداگانه و در مواردی هم به صورت ترکیب دو واژه با هم استفاده شد. تعداد مقالات مورد بررسی، پس از حذف مقالات تکراری، 23 مطالعه بود. یافته‌ها: بررسی مطالعات نشان داد میزان سلامت معنوی پرستاران در حد متوسط است. عوامل مرتبط با سلامت معنوی شامل جنس، استرس شغلی، افسردگی، هوش معنوی، کیفیت زندگی، رضایت شغلی، مهارت اجتماعی، قاطعیت، خویشتن‌داری، دیسترس اخلاقی، سلامت عمومی، تاب‌آوری، اضطراب، شادکامی، راهبرد مسأله‌مدار می‌باشد. نتیجه‌گیری: به طور کلی می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که پایین ‌بودن سلامت معنوی در پرستاران، سبب زیان به بیمار می‌شود؛ این امر به ویژه در شرایط استمرار پاندمی کوید 19 بغرنج‌تر می‌شود. بنابراین لازم است برنامه‌های آموزشی مناسبی برای ارتقای سلامت معنوی پرستاران  و رفع  موانع انجام مراقبت‌های معنوی در نظر گرفته شود تا پرستاران بتوانند خدمات بهتری به بیماران و خانواده‌ی آنان عرضه کنند و خودشان نیز با دسترسی سطح سلامت معنوی مطلوب، از سطح تاب‌آوری بیستر بهره‌مند گردند. Background & Aims: Human-being is a complicated creature who has different cognitive, social, emotional, and spiritual dimensions. Spiritual health dimension is the most recent dimension of health, and it also reinforces mental functioning and adaptability. A lack of spiritual health results in other dimensions of health not being able to have their maximum efficiency that they are expected to have. Individuals with spiritual health have a sense of identity, perfection, satisfaction, love, respect, positive perspective, peace, and inner balance, and their lives are purposeful. On this account, spiritual health in the nursing profession is considered as an ethical system which has a noticeable impact on the quality of the services that are provided for patients. As a matter of fact, one of the fundamental factors of providing spiritual health for individuals is resilience, and this capacity is considered as an essential component for the nursing profession, since it is one of the responsibilities of nurses to maintain their proper function in stressful conditions, and this would not be possible except when the nurses have the desirable resilience. As it was mentioned before, one of the main factors of providing health for individuals is resilience. Resilience is considered as a skill, and it is defined as the skill in which people use all of their abilities to achieve success in stressful conditions. As a result, it helps an individual to be adaptive to risk factors. Because of that, some researchers deem resilience as necessary for nursing profession, because this capability not only has an impact on quality of life, but it also influences job performance as well as quality of nursing services. Findings of Rajabiyan dehzireh study showed that there is a relation between the dimensions of spiritual health and resilience, in a way that when spiritual health increases, the level of resilience also increases. The incidence of Corona virus pandemic has an influence on all economical, social, and political domains in the country; however, among all these, the impact of psychological domain on spiritual health for people is of high importance. According to the study of Rouhaniun in Iran in 2020, the level of mental disorders and resilience during COVID-19 pandemic are reported as high and low, respectively. With these evidences in mind, the researcher decided to identify the factors related to spiritual health, by determining the factors which influence resilience in nurses. In spite of the fact that considering spiritual health as an important dimension of individual and social life is attended to by health professionals in recent years, it is still important to improve nurses’ spiritual health; it is because of the importance of providing spiritual care in order to meet patients’ spiritual needs. By confirming the above-mentioned points, in this study, a review was done on the studies conduced in the field of nurses’ spiritual health, which both describes the condition of nurses’ spiritual health, and discusses the factors related to nurses’ spiritual health. Methods: This research was designed as a conceptual review. Through using the key words of “spiritual health”, and “nurse”, the resources in databases of Google Scholar, SID, Iran Medex, Magiran were obtained. These words were often used separately and sometimes as a combination of two words together. The inclusion criterion was that the language of articles was in Farsi, and the articles were searched for with a time limit from 2010 to 2016. The number of articles were investigated and after omitting the repeated articles, 23 studies remained. After searching the databases, 13744 cases were studied, and by performing the inclusion and exclusion criteria and omitting the repeated ones, 13721 articles were excluded, and finally, 23 articles were included. Results: This study demonstrated that the level of spiritual health in nurses is average. The factors related to spiritual health include gender, occupational stress, depression, spiritual intelligence, quality of life, job satisfaction, social skills, decisiveness, self-control, moral distress, general health, resilience, anxiety, happiness, and problem-focused strategy. Out of the 23 articles under study in this research, 17 articles were in Farsi and 6 articles were in English. In addition to that, most of the study samples were nurses (not nursing students). Moreover, most of the studies were for the year 2016. Among all the articles which were investigated, categorization of articles was based on the content, in such a way that the result of the study was categorized in four groups which are: 3 articles including quality of personal life (quality of life and marital satisfaction), 9 articles were related to job performance (occupational burnout, job satisfaction, occupational stress, vocational adjustment, coercion), 6 articles were associated with quality of medical services (caring behavior, spiritual provision, limitations of spiritual provision, caretaking stress), and 5 articles were about personal characteristics of nurses (psychological well-being, self-efficacy, moral distress, positive attitude toward death). The diversity in these studies indicates the widespread coverage of this study in the studies which were conducted before. In order to observe the ethical considerations in the study, the studies which were used are mentioned in the reference section and all are written correctly. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that when the spiritual health in nurses decreases, it does damage to the patients. Thus, it is useful to lay the foundation for improving spiritual health in nurses’ workplace, because favorable spiritual health leads to enhanced job satisfaction, improvement in service-providing quality, job performance, improvement in psychological well-being, and self-efficacy in nurses. This issue becomes more complex regarding the current pandemic of COVID-19, in particular. A lack of resilience skill not only forces limitations on nurses’ working conditions, but also exposes nurses to mental and biological damages. Therefore, it is necessary to take into consideration some proper training programs in order to improve the spiritual health in nurses and to eliminate obstacles which are in the way of taking spiritual care; through this, the nurses are able to provide better service to patients and their families, and the nurses themselves can also enjoy a higher level of resilience by achieving a favorable level of spiritual health.   سلامت معنوی, تاب‌آوری, پرستار,مطالعه مروری Spiritual Health, Resilience, Nurse, Review Study 60 71 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5938-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Fatemeh Talebian فاطمه طالبیان Fatemeh.talebian74@gmail.com 3900319475328460060315 3900319475328460060315 No Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Hassan Amouzad Mahdirejei حسن عموزاد مهدیرجی hassanamouzad@yahoo.com 3900319475328460060316 3900319475328460060316 No Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Fereshteh Araghian Mojarad فرشته عراقیان مجرد fereshteharaghian@yahoo.com 3900319475328460060317 3900319475328460060317 No Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research CenterAddiction InstituteMazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران Tahereh Yaghoubi طاهره یعقوبی tyaghubi@gmail.com 3900319475328460060318 3900319475328460060318 Yes Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research CenterAddiction InstituteMazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران