Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

fa اثربخشی آموزش گروهی اصلاح الگوی تعامل والد- فرزند به مادران بر نشانه‌های نافرمانی مقابله‌ای در کودکان The Effectiveness of parent-child interaction model correction Group training on mothers on the signs of confrontational disobedience in children روانشناسی بالینی Clinical Psychiatry پژوهشي Research زمینه و هدف: اختلال نافرمانی مقابله‌ای از شایع‌ترین اختلالات روانی است که با شیوع ۲ تا ۱۶ درصد در کودکان پیش دبستانی یا اوایل سن مدرسه و در مرحله قبل از نوجوانی بروز می‌کند. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر، با اثربخشی آموزش اصلاح الگوی تعامل والد- فرزند به مادران بر نشانه‌های نافرمانی مقابله‌ای در کودکان 8 تا 11 سال شهر شیراز انجام گردید. روش کار: در این مطالعه نیمه تجربی، از بین مادران دانش آموزان پسر مقطع ابتدایی در سال تحصیل 99-1398 شهر شیراز، تعداد 40 نفر انتخاب و به طور تصادفی به آزمایش (تعداد 20 نفر) و کنترل (تعداد 20 نفر)  گماشته شدند. کلیه شرکت کنندگان پرسشنامه‌های دموگرافیک و سیاهه رفتاری کودک آخنباخ نسخه والدین (که  دارای سه بُعد اصلی مشکلات برونی‌سازی شده، مشکلات رفتاری درونی‌سازی  شده و مشکلات کلی  کودکان و نوجوانان را ارزیابی می‌کند) را در سه مرحله تکمیل کردند. تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها با استفاده از تحلیل واریانس آمیخته و همچنین آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی انجام شده است. یافته‌ها: نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد بین پیش آزمون و پس آزمون در سه متغیر مشکلات برونی‌سازی شده، مشکلات رفتاری درونی‌سازی شده و مشکلات کلی  تفاوت معنادار وجود دارد (001/0>P). همچنین بین پیش آزمون-پیگیری نیز در هر سه متغیر تفاوت معنادار وجود دارد (001/0>P) و نیز بین پس آزمون و پیگیری در دو متغیر مشکلات برونی‌سازی شده و مشکلات رفتاری درونی‌سازی شده تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد (001/0>P). نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که درمان الگوی تعامل والد- فرزند می‌تواند در کاهش نشانه‌های نافرمانی مقابله‌ای در کودکان 8 تا 11 سال به عنوان مداخلات روانشناسی استفاده شود و با توجه به اثربخشی الگوی تعامل والد- فرزند، این درمان در اولویت درمانی قرار داده شود. Background & Aims: The study of psychological problems of children and adolescents has always been one of the main concerns of psychologists. Meanwhile, children and adolescents with behavioral problems pose more challenges for professionals. Children with behavioral problems and disorders also pose many challenges for their parents. These children show behaviors that hurt those around them. Common childhood disorders are usually classified into two broad areas: extrinsic disorders and intrinsic disorders. Outward disorders are characterized by behaviors such as aggression, disobedience, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that are more outward-looking. This category includes attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, behavioral disorder, and coping disobedience disorder. Introspection disorders are characterized by experiences and behaviors such as depression, social withdrawal, and anxiety that are more inward-looking. This category includes childhood anxiety and mood disorders. Disobedience disorder is one of the most common mental disorders that occurs with a prevalence of 2 to 16% in preschool or early school children and the pre-adolescent stage. Behavioral disorders in children pose challenging problems for teachers, families, and children themselves, and have raised concerns about mental health and its impact on children's development and performance. On the other hand, in the approach of modifying the pattern of parent-child interaction, special procedures are used to treat the behavioral disorders of children with confrontational disobedience; Practices such as improving parents 'selective attention skills, modifying parental commands, modifying children's play behavior, parents' use of deprivation, parenting planning and activity planning to prevent problems, especially before entering public places. In the method of modifying the pattern of parent-child interaction, the methods of communication and management of parental behavior are modified. Procedures to improve parents' selective attention skills, modify parental commands, modify children's play behavior, and evaluate will also be reviewed. Therefore, the main question of the present study is that group training to modify the pattern of parent-child interaction affects internalized behavioral problems, externalized problems, and general problems in the signs of confrontational disobedience in children? Methods: The present study was a semi-experimental study in which the pre-test-post-test design was performed with the control group by baseline assessment after the intervention and 3-month follow-up with the control group. 40 mothers of primary school male students in the school year of 2019-2020 in Shiraz, they were selected from 32 male public primary schools, were assigned randomly to two groups (modification of parent-child interaction pattern as exprimental group) (n = 20) and control group (n = 20). All participants completed the demographic questionnaire, the symptoms of disobedience questionnaire on Achenbach's behavioral Inventory in three stages. Hypotheses related to the effectiveness of research interventions were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance as well as Bonferroni post hoc tests. Results: The results of the present study showed that the mean of the symptoms of disobedience disorder in the pre-test stage was not significantly different between the two groups, which indicates the homogeneity of the two groups in the pre-test stage, but the difference between the four groups in the post-test and follow-up stages. There was evidence that the effectiveness of the intervention on the mentioned variables and the stability of effectiveness in the follow-up phase. Conclusion: This study aimed to investigate the effect of group training on parent-child interaction pattern modification on internalized behavioral problems, externalized problems, and also on the index of general problems in children with disobedience disorder. In the present study, it was observed that the results related to the demographic characteristics of the study units, which include mothers of children with confrontational disobedience disorder, were not statistically significant in the two groups of control and intervention in terms of demographic characteristics. The features were homogeneous; therefore, according to the intervention, the two groups were compared. In the experimental group, changes were made in internalized behavioral problems, externalized problems were also better in the index of the general problem. Therefore, the results of this study showed that the mentioned treatment can be used as a psychological intervention in reducing the symptoms of confrontational disobedience in children aged 8 to 11 years. Due to the effective effectiveness of the parent-child interaction model, this treatment can be prioritized. الگوی تعامل والد- فرزند, نشانه‌های نافرمانی مقابله‌ای, افسردگی, کودکان. Beetroot-juice, Caffeine, Vasodilation, Performance, Elite athlete 68 79 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5804-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Hoda malekzadeh هدی ملک زاده Hoda_malekzadeh66@yahoo.com 3900319475328460062466 3900319475328460062466 No P.H.D Student of Psychology Department, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran. دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی عمومی، گروه روانشناسی، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران. Ezat deyreh عزت دیره Ezatdeyreh@gmail.com 3900319475328460062467 3900319475328460062467 Yes Assistant Professor of Psychology Department , Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran. استادیار گروه روانشناسی، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران. Naser Amini ناصر امینی Amini_n2010@yahoo.com 3900319475328460062468 3900319475328460062468 No Assistant Professor of Psychology Department, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran. استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران Mohammad Narimani محمد نریمان Narimani@uma.ac.ir 3900319475328460062469 3900319475328460062469 No Academic Tenure of Psychology Department, Mohaghegh Ardebili Univesity, Ardebil, Iran. استاد ممتاز گروه روان شناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی