Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

fa شناسایی عوامل(فردی، روانی، سازمانی) موثر بر موفقیت شغلی زنان در ورزش Identifying factors (individual, psychological, organizational) affecting women's career success in sports روانشناسی بالینی Clinical Psychiatry پژوهشي Research زمینه و هدف: امروزه موفقیت شغلی، یکی از دغدغه‌های مهم مدیران سازمان‌های مختلف می‌باشد. با توجه به اینکه زنان نیمی از جامعه انسانی را تشکیل می‌دهند، سازمان‌های ورزشی نیز، به دنبال این هستند از مهارت‌های رهبری، نظرات و تجربه زنان بهره‌مند شوند تا بتوانند نیازهای زنان را برطرف کنند. بنابراین به دلیل اهمیت موضوع، هدف این پژوهش شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر موفقیت شغلی زنان در ورزش بود. روش کار: استراتژی پژوهش از نوع ترکیبی می‌باشد. در بخش کیفی، جامعۀ آماری پژوهش شامل، مدیران زن شاغل در وزارت ورزش و جوانان و همچنین ادارات آن بود. نمونه‌گیری به روش هدفمند صورت پذیرفت. ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌‌ها مصاحبۀ نیمه ‌ساختاریافته بود. محقق پس از انجام 14 مصاحبه به اشباع نظری رسید. در بخش کمی، پرسش‌نامه‌ای طراحی و در اختیار کارشناسان زن شاغل در وزارت ورزش و جوانان و همچنین اداراه ورزش و جوانان استان تهران قرار گرفت. پس از تایید روایی، پایایی پرسش‌نامه با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ مورد تایید قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: با تجزیه‌ و تحلیل دست‌نوشته‌های حاصل از مصاحبه‌ها، تعداد چهار تم اصلی استخراج شد که شامل موفقیت شغلی (2 تم فرعی)، عوامل فردی (4 تم فرعی)، عوامل سازمانی (3 تم فرعی) و عوامل فراسازمانی (2 تم فرعی) بود. در بخش کمی، موافقت کارکنان با هر یک از تم‌های شناسایی شده مورد تایید قرار گرفت. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به یافته‌های پژوهش، به مسئولان پیشنهاد می‌شود برای موفقیت شغلی زنان در ورزش، به عوامل فردی و عوامل سازمانی و فراسازمانی هم‌زمان توجه شود تا تأثیرگذاری بیشتری صورت گیرد.   Background: Today, job success is one of the most important concerns of managers of various organizations. Since women make half of human society, sports organizations seek to benefit from women's leadership skills, opinions and experiences in order to meet the needs of women. A study of previous researches shows that they have only mentioned a small number of affecting factors in women's job success, with the significant growth of women's participation in sports, the need for successful and competent female managers is essential for the development of women's sports in the national and international arenas. At the present time, with the significant progress that has been made in the field of women's education and social participation in the country, we are also witnessing their success in managerial activities, and women, unlike previous eras, who behaved only within the male-dominated world, today, play a role in all aspects of growth and development at the national, regional and global levels. Therefore, due to the importance of the subject, the purpose of this study is to identify the affecting factors in women's job success. Since female managers who work in sports organizations have gone from low to high levels in this organization and have more comprehensive view of the issue, the researcher intends to determine the affecting factors in women's job success in sports through interviews with these people? Methods: This research is applied in terms of purpose and also the method of collecting data is descriptive. The research strategy is a mixed-method which is done after defining the research question and conducting preliminary exploratory and library studies and open (qualitative) interviews. Factors and components related to the success of female managers working in the Ministry of Sports and Youth were identified through theme analysis. In the next stage, to confirm each of the factors, a questionnaire was designed and provided to experts, female managers working in the Ministry of Sports and Youth and also the Sports and Youth Departments of Tehran Province to express their agreement with each of these factors. Sampling was done by purposive method. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The researcher reached theoretical saturation after 14 interviews. In the quantitative section, a questionnaire was designed and provided to expert, female working in the Ministry of Sports and Youth and also the Sports and Youth Department of Tehran Province. After validation, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. SPSS was used to determine the normality or abnormality of the data. After using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, it was found that the data have a normal distribution. To study the research hypotheses then one-sample T-test was used to examine the status of each variable at a significance level of 0.05. Results: First, in the qualitative stage, through interviews with 14 female managers working in sports and youth departments and also through theme analysis in six stages (data familiarity, creating initial codes, searching for selective codes, Formation of sub-themes, definition and naming of main themes and preparation of reports) affecting factors in women's job success in sports were identified. The results of demographic questions in the quantitative section of job success show that education of 80% of respondents is Bachelor and Master of sience degree. Also, 61.3% of the respondents are married and 95.1% have more than 11 years of employment experience. After conducting semi-structured interviews with female employees and managers of sports, by studying among the sub-themes, the researcher achieved 4 main themes that can be explained in the field of research. These themes include career success, individual factors, organizational factors and extra-organizational factors. These themes represent the most abstract level of classification and analysis of data collected in this study. The main themes of the research are in fact the pattern of women's job success in sports. In fact, by analyzing the manuscripts obtained from the interviews, four main themes were extracted which included job success (2 sub-themes), individual factors (4 sub-themes), organizational factors (3 sub-themes) and extra-organizational factors (2 sub-themes). In the quantitative part, the staff approval with each of the identified themes is confirmed.  Conclusion: The results show that the first sub-theme related to organizational factors is managerial factors. Leadership is one of the main tasks of managers and is a basic process in any organization. The important role of the leader in the organization as a leader of group activities, points out that the leader has a significant impact on group performance and is a key element in advancing the goals of the organization. The success and failure of the organization owes much to its leaders. Leadership quality affects the future of the organization and its employees. Another sub-theme of organizational factors is structural factors. Organizational structure refers to the patterns of internal relations of the organization, authority and communication. Organizational structure is the pattern of communication between departments and components of an organization. In this study, organizational structure includes organizational rules and regulations, control and evaluation of employees, observance of justice and meritocracy, organizational support, job security, organizational facilities, training and promotion opportunities, transparency in the role, freedom and job independence and also empowerment of women. These structures affect women's job success. The third sub-theme of organizational factors is organizational culture. Organizational culture is considered as a vital indicator in the success of any organization and affects all aspects of organizational activity. Danaeifard and Alvani (2011) express that, patterns of beliefs, symbols, rituals, stories and customs that have emerged over time are in any organization. These patterns create a common understanding of the nature of the organization and how members treat each other. Therefore, it can be concluded that organizational culture plays an essential role in the job success of women working in sports. The fourth identified theme is extra-organizational factors, which include two sub-themes: socio-cultural environment and political environment. Examining the value of t, for both sub-themes, indicates that it is higher than the value of 1.96; This indicates that employees agree on the existence of these two factors as factors in women's job success in sports. Stelzo et al. (2006) research showed that beliefs and tendencies that consider women less qualified than men and devalue women's activities less than men's activities not only prevent women from being promoted to prestigious positions, but also destroy their inner motivation and sense of competence and efficiency.The second sub-theme of extra-organizational factors is the political environment.Therefore, governments can play a key role in success of women by enacting laws and regulations related to employment and job advancement as well as enacting laws to support women's management . Finally, it can be mentioned that women's job success in sports can not be achieved exclusively by individual actions and requires an understanding of the determinants factors from the perspective of the individual, family, organization and society. According to the research findings, it is suggested to the officials to pay attention simultaneously to individual and organizational and extra-organizational factors since it has more effects on women's success. زنان, مطالعۀ ترکیبی, موفقیت شغلی, سازمان های ورزشی Women, Combined Study, Career Success, Sports Organizations 74 85 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5531-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 parvaneh souri پروانه سوری 3900319475328460055579 3900319475328460055579 No Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران sayed hamid sajadi hazaveh سید حمید سجادی هزاوه hamidsadjadi@gmail.com 3900319475328460055580 3900319475328460055580 Yes Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران zeynab nikayein زینت نیک آیین dr_zinatnikaeen@gmail.com 3900319475328460055581 3900319475328460055581 No Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران zahra haji enzhayi زهرا حاجی انزهایی sara_haji1982@yahoo.com 3900319475328460055582 3900319475328460055582 No Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران