Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

fa ارزیابی میزان شایستگی فرهنگی دانش‌آموختگان علوم پزشکی مشغول به کار در مراکز آموزشی درمانی شهر تهران Evaluation of Medical Competency in Medical Graduates Working in Educational and Medical Centers in Tehran آموزش پزشکی medical education پژوهشي Research زمینه و هدف: سنجش محیط یادگیری از ضرورت‌های بهبود کیفیت یادگیری دانشجویان است. بنابراین، در برنامه ریزی درسی مبتنی بر شایستگی نیز باید از سنجش برای اطمینان از کیفیت آموزش استفاده کرد. هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی شایستگی فرهنگی دانش آموختگان علوم پزشکی در بین فارغ التحصیلان علوم پزشکی می‌باشد. روش کار: این پژوهش ازنوع توصیفی-تحلیلی می‌باشد که با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته معتبر و پایا به روش تصادفی بر روی800 نفر از فارغ التحصیلان علوم پزشکی مشغول به کار در مراکز آموزشی درمانی شهر تهران انجام گرفت. داده‌های حاصل وارد نرم‌افزار آماری  SPSSنسخه 24 شده و با انجام آزمون‌های آماری مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرارگرفت. یافته‌ها: از بین 800 پرسشنامه پخش شده، 542  پرسشنامه  بازگشت یافت که از این بین 507 پرسشنامه به درستی  تکمیل شده بود (میزان پاسخگویی 67%). ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برای کل ابزار (64 سوال) 96/0بود.  بیشترین مقدار برای حیطه انگیزه متعالی 89/0 و بقیه حیطه‌ها 88/0را نشان داد. میانگین نهایی پرسشنامه 48/0±92/3 از 5 محاسبه شد که بیشترین امتیاز برای حیطه انگیزه متعالی با امتیاز48/0±15/4 از 5 و بعد از آن به ترتیب آگاهی، مهارت بود و حیطه دانش کمترین میانگین را با امتیاز 59/0±68/3 از 5 داشت. با توجه به میانگین امتیازات کسب شده در حیطه‌های مختلف، وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ شایستگی فرهنگی دانش‌آموختگان  علوم پزشکی در ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ و ﻣﻄﻠﻮب اﺳﺖ. نتیجه‌گیری: این مطالعه نشان دادکه ارزیابی فارغ التحصیلان از میزان شایستگی فرهنگی محیط آموزشی مثبت است بر همین اساس پیشنهاد می‌شود با استفاده از روش‌های مناسب در جهت تقویت عواملی که باعث ارزیابی مثبت دانشجویان شده است تاکید گردد.   Background & Aims: Measuring the learning environment is one of the necessities to improve the quality of students' learning. Therefore, in the curriculum planning based on competence, it is necessary to use the measurements to ensure the quality of education. Nowadays, international centers pay special attention to the issue of cultural competence, and since the beginning of the 1960s, they have investigated the theoretical foundations and definitions of the issue and have designed various models for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of cultural competence in world’s reputable medical sciences universities. Despite that the international scientific community has addressed this issue and in spite of the cultural diversity in Iran, it was only in the last few years that some review articles have emphasized the necessity of cultural competence in medical education and some studies have investigated and evaluated the learning environment using international tools. Also, reviewing the studies on new teaching approaches in Iran shows that although cultural competence is not considered in clinical education and they are not academically trained in the field of culturally competent care, the medical team fulfill the cultural needs of their patients based on their cultural intelligence and initiative. In this situation, only a small part of this culture would be officially transferred to students during the curriculum hours, and the acceptable values, beliefs and behaviors would be transferred through the covert curriculum. Accordingly, considering its importance and necessity, it is recommended that this issue should be taken into consideration in clinical education approaches, especially new approaches, and quantitative and qualitative studies should be used to measure and improve the education of this important notion. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the cultural competence status of medical graduates in Tehran in order to provide a model that is appropriate for the background and context of Iran’s universities. Methods: This research is descriptive and analytical. The data collection tool in this research was a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire included demographic information and the second part had 64 valid and reliable questions in 4 main subgroups as: cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skills and transcendental motivation. This questionnaire was conducted on a statistical sample of 800 graduates of medical sciences, working in hospitals and medical centers in Tehran, using random sampling method. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS-24 and internal correlation, independent t-test and analysis of variance were analyzed. Results: Out of 800 questionnaires, 542 were returned, of which 507 questionnaires were thoroughly completed; which is an acceptable 67% return rate. Also, 82.6 percent of the respondents were women which indicates that women cooperate more in filling out the questionnaires as they participate more in the activities and were more in number. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole instrument (64 questions) was 0.96. The highest value for the domain of transcendental motivation was 0.89 and the other domains were 0.88. The results of the independent t-test show that although there is no significant difference between male and female medical students regarding the status of cultural competence, the average scores of men were higher than women in the domains of transcendental motivation, knowledge and cultural skill. But women had a higher score in the domain of cultural awareness. Also, the results of the independent t-test based on marital status show that there was a significant difference between the average scores in 4 domains (transcendental motivation, cultural awareness, knowledge and skills) in which the average scores of married people were higher than single respondents. The results of the one-way ANOVA analysis showed that there is no significant difference between cultural competencies based on the university, but there is a significant difference in accordance to age, field of study, degree, work experience and workplace. According to age, in all the 4 domains, the average score increases while aging. Also, based on the field of study, the average of 3 domains (cultural awareness, knowledge and skills), nursing students had a higher average, and in the domain of transcendental motivation, midwifery and then nursing students had a higher average than other fields. Finally, the average score increases with the increase in work experience. The final average of the questionnaire was calculated as 3.92+0.48 out of 5, in which the highest score was for the domain of transcendental motivation with a score of 4.15+0.48 out of 5, followed by awareness and skill; the knowledge domain had the lowest average with a score of 3.68±0.59 out of 5. According to the averages obtained in different domains, the general statue of cultural competence of medical students in Tehran is higher than average and is acceptable. In the field of the transcendental motive, respecting values and beliefs, giving priority to humanity and paying attention to God's consent had the highest average, and to enjoy serving different people had the lowest average. In the domain of cultural awareness, the awareness of one's own cultural beliefs and attitudes had the highest average, and familiarity with the differences in health behaviors of different cultures had the lowest average; in the domain of cultural knowledge, knowing spiritual and religious beliefs had the highest average, and knowing common methods of traditional treatments, knowing the history of traditions and knowing the nutritional beliefs of different cultures had the lowest average. In the domain of cultural skills, serving without bias and practicing communication skills had the highest average, and generating new knowledge had the lowest average. Conclusion: This study showed that the graduates' evaluation of the cultural competence of the educational environment is positive, therefore, it is recommended to emphasize using appropriate methods to enhance the factors that have positively affected the evaluation of students.   ارزیابی, شایستگی فرهنگی, دانش آموختگان علوم پزشکی Evaluation, Cultural Competence, Medical Sciences Graduates 290 307 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3142-10&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Zahra Naghizadeh زهرا نقی زاده 3900319475328460089753 3900319475328460089753 No استادیار، گروه مسائل اجتماعی زنان، جهاد دانشگاهی واحد الزهرا، تهران، ایران Abbas Abbas pour عباس عباس پور abbaspour1386@gmail.com 3900319475328460089754 3900319475328460089754 Yes Professor, Faculty Member, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran استاد، گروه مدیریت آموزش عالی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران Saeed Ghiasi Nodooshan سعید غیاثی ندوشن 3900319475328460089755 3900319475328460089755 No Associate Professor, Faculty Member, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran دانشیار، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران Mahdi Feiz مهدی فیض 3900319475328460089756 3900319475328460089756 No Assistant Professor, Faculty Member, ACECR, Tehran, Iran استادیار، جهاد دانشگاهی، تهران، ایران Jalil Kuhpayehzadeh جلیل کوهپایه زاده 3900319475328460089757 3900319475328460089757 No Professor, Center for Educational Research in Medical Sciences (CERMS), Tehran, Iran استاد، دانشکده پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات آموزش علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران Mahmoud Tavousi محمود طاووسی 3900319475328460089758 3900319475328460089758 No دانشیار، گروه ارتقای سلامت، پژوهشکده علوم بهداشتی جهاد دانشگاهی، تهران، ایران