fa اثر شدت و حجم تمرینات استقامتی بر بروز استئوآرتریت در مفصل زانوی رت های نر سالم آسیب‌شناسی Pathology پژوهشي Research <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt text-align: justify" dir="rtl"><b><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">زمینه و هدف: </span></b><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">استئوآرتریت (</span><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: "B Nazanin"" dir="ltr">OA=Osteoarthritis</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span>) شایع­ترین بیماری مفاصل سینوویال می­باشد که در ورزشکاران حرفه­ای شیوع فراوانی دارد. تمرینات استقامتی باعث بروز </span><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: "B Nazanin"" dir="ltr">OA</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span> <span lang="FA"><font face="B Nazanin" size="2">در مفاصل به خصوص در مفصل زانوی آنان می­شود. هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی تأثیر دو نوع تمرین استقامتی با حجم و شدت متفاوت بر روی میزان بروز </font></span></span><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: "B Nazanin"" dir="ltr">OA</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span> در مفصل زانوی رت­های نر سالم بود.<o:p /></span></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt text-align: justify" dir="rtl"><b><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">روش کار: </span></b><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">در تحقیق تجربی حاضر 24 سر رت به طور تصادفی به سه گروه کنترل، استقامتی یک و استقامتی دو تقسیم شدند. تمرین </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">شامل پنج روز و در مجموع به مدت هشت هفته بود که برای گروه استقامتی یک تمرین روزانه شامل یک ساعت دویدن با شدت 50 تا 55 درصد و برای گروه استقامتی دو، نیم ساعت دویدن با 70 تا 75 درصد اکسیژن مصرفی بود. برای بررسی استئوآرتریت</span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""> 24 ساعت پس از آخرین جلسه­ی تمرین، نمونه­های مفصلی استخراج شدند. میزان تخریب مفصلی با روش هیستوپاتولوژی سنجیده شد و داده­ها به روش تجزیه و تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت.<o:p /></span></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt text-align: justify" dir="rtl"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">یافته­ها: </span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که هیج کدام از گروه­ها تاثیر معناداری بر افزایش قطر غضروف نداشتند (</span><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Nazanin"" dir="ltr">p=0.02</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span>)</span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 13pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">. </span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">همچنین مشاهده شد</span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 13pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">تمرین استقامتی یک ساعته موجب بروز<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="B Nazanin" size="2"> </font></span></span><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Nazanin"" dir="ltr">OA</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span> از نوع متوسط (درجه 3) در زانوی رت­ها شده </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">(</span><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Nazanin"" dir="ltr">p=0.002</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span>) اما در گروه تمرین استقامتی 30 دقیقه </span><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: "B Nazanin"" dir="ltr">OA</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span> ایجاد شده از نوع ملایم(درجه دو) بود</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">(</span><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Nazanin"" dir="ltr">p=0.002</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span>) .<o:p /></span></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt text-align: justify" dir="rtl"><b><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">نتیجه گیری:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""> نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد تمرین استقامتی موجب بروز </span><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-family: "B Nazanin"" dir="ltr">OA</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 150% font-family: "B Nazanin" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span> در مفصل زانو شد . کاهش حجم تمرین، روش مناسبی برای کاهش میزان آسیب می­باشد.<o:p /></span></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt text-align: justify unicode-bidi: embed direction: ltr tab-stops: 0cm"><b><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA">Background</span></b><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA">:</span><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt"> </span><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA">Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disease of the synovial joints, especially in professional athletes. Endurance training causes OA in joints, particularly their knee joint.</span><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt"> </span><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA">The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of volume and intensity of two different types of endurance training on the incidence of knee OA in healthy male rats.<o:p /></span></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt text-align: justify unicode-bidi: embed direction: ltr tab-stops: 0cm"><b><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA">Methods</span></b><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA">: In this experimental study, 24 rats were randomly divided into three groups of control, endurance 1 and endurance 2.</span><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt"> </span><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA">The exercise included five days and a total of eight weeks of endurance exercise, including one hour intensity endurance running %50 to %55 percent for endurance 1 group, and for endurance 2, half-hour run with %70 to 75% of the oxygen consumed. In order to investigate <font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>osteoarthritis, 24 hours after the last training session,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>joint sample tissues were collected. The amount of joint damage was evaluated by histopathology and method was compared with one-way ANOVA analysis.<o:p /></font></font></span></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt text-align: justify unicode-bidi: embed direction: ltr tab-stops: 0cm"><b><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA">Results</span></b><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA">:</span><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt"> </span><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA">The results showed that none of the groups had no significant influence on the increase in cartilage thickness (p = 0.20). Also, an hour of endurance training caused moderate OA (grade 3) in the rat knee (p = 0.002) , but in the endurance training group with 30 minutes training moderate OA (grade II), (p = 0.002) was observed.<o:p /></span></p><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3"> </font><b><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">Conclusion</span></b><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">:</span><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"> </span><span style="line-height: 150% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">The results of this study showed that endurance training increased risk of knee OA. Reducing the volume of exercise is an appropriate way to reduce the amount of damage</span></font> تمرین استقامتی, حجم و شدت تمرینی, استئو آرتریت Endurance training, Volume training, Intensity training, Osteoarthritis 97 105 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1823-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Mahla Ramezani مهلا رمضانی mahla.ramezani@gmail.com 3900319475328460029350 3900319475328460029350 Yes Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran گروه آسیب شناسی ورزشی و حرکات اصلاحی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران Mohammad Hossein Alizadeh محمدحسین علیزاده mhalizadeh47@yahoo.com 3900319475328460029351 3900319475328460029351 No Department of Sport Medicine, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran گروه بهداشت و طب ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران Mohammad Reza Kordi محمدرضا کردی mkordi@ut.ac.ir 3900319475328460029352 3900319475328460029352 No Department of Sport Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران