fa اتیولوژی بیماریهای التهابی لگن (مروری) زنان و زایمان Gynecology مروري review article <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 18pt 0pt 0cm text-align: justify unicode-bidi: embed direction: rtl" dir="rtl"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1">زمینه و هدف</span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1"> : بیماریهای التهابی لگن(</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="color: black font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra"" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span>(</span><span style="color: black mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: FA" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri" size="3">Pelvic inflammatory disease </font></span><span style="color: black font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 10pt mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra"" dir="ltr">(PID</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1"><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><font face="B Mitra" size="3">، یکی از</font></span></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra"" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><font face="B Mitra"><font size="3"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>شایعترین </font></font></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1">عفونت ها در<font face="B Mitra"><font size="3"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>بین زنان<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>در سنین باروری است که با عوارض عمده ای نظیر ناباروری،<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>بارداری نابجا<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>و درد مزمن لگنی همراه است. علاوه بر این، درمان</font></font></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="color: black font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra"" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> PID </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1">حاد و عوارض ناشی از آن، هزینه و<font size="3"><font face="B Mitra"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>مراقبت های بهداشتی قابل توجهی را به دنبال دارد. از این رو شناخت علل میکروبیولوژیکی بیماری، نقش بنیادی در پیشگیری<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>و درمان عوارض ناشی از آن خواهد داشت. </font></font></span><span style="color: black font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra"" dir="ltr"><o:p /></span></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 18pt 0pt 0cm text-align: justify unicode-bidi: embed direction: rtl" dir="rtl"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1">روش کار</span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1"> : این مطالعه مروری سیستماتیک بر بیش از </span><span lang="FA" style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: FA">2580</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1"> مقاله معتبر علمی موجود در<font size="3"><font face="B Mitra"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>زمینه اتیولوژی بیماری های التهابی لگن می باشد که تا سال 2012 منتشر شده اند.</font></font></span><span lang="FA" style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: FA"><o:p /></span></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 18pt 0pt 0cm text-align: justify unicode-bidi: embed direction: rtl" dir="rtl"><b><span lang="FA" style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: FA">یا</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1">فته‌ها:</span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1"> در اکثر موارد علل </span><span style="color: black font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra"" dir="ltr">PID</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1"><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span>، پلی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra"" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1">میکروبیال بوده و از بین میکروارگانیسم های منتقل شونده از راه تماس جنسی،</span><span lang="FA" style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: FA"> نایسریا گنوره آ و کلامیدیا تراکوماتیس از شیوع بیشتری برخوردار می باشند. اخیراً مایکوپلاسماهای ژنیتال به عنوان یکی از علل </span><span style="color: black font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: FA" dir="ltr">PID</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span> حاد شناخته شده است</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-themecolor: text1"> و همچنین</span><span lang="FA" style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: FA"> رژیم درمانی جهت </span><span style="color: black font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: FA" dir="ltr">PID</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="color: black font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: FA"><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span> حاد باید طیف گسترده ای از داروهای موثر بر علیه این میکروارگانیسم ها<font size="3"><font face="B Mitra"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>باشد.<o:p /></font></font></span></p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span lang="FA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: FA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">نتیجه‌گیری: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">تعیین</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">عوامل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">خطر</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">و</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">توجه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">به</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">علائم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">بالینی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">افراد،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">نقش</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: FA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">بسیار</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">مهمی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">در</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">تشخیص،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">درمان</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">و</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">پیشگیری</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">از</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">بیماریهای</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">التهابی</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: FA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">لگن</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">و</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">در</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">نتیجه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">کاهش</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">عوارض</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">و</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">ناتوانی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">آنان</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">خواهد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: BMitra font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: BMitra mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">داشت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl"> </span></font> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt text-align: justify"><font size="3"><b><span style="color: black font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Background: </span></b><span style="color: black font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is one of the most common infections between women during reproductive age which is associated with major long-term complication, including tubal factor infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. In addition, treatment of acute PID and its sequelae impose health care costs. Prevention of these long-term complications is dependent on clinicians having a high level of recognition in order to make an early diagnosis and improvement of treatment strategies based on knowledge of the microbiologic etiology of acute PID.<o:p /></span></font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt text-align: justify line-height: normal text-autospace: mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="color: black font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"><br> <b>Methods: </b>This is a systematic review of more than 2580 papers about the etiology of pelvic inflammatory disease, which had been published until 2012. <o:p /></span></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt text-align: justify"><span style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"><br> <b>Results:</b> In most cases, PID is a polymicrobial infection and of sexually transmitted organisms <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> and <i>Chlamydia trachomatis were most prevalent</i>.<font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Recently </font></font><i>Mycoplasma genitalia</i> are known as a cause of acute PID. Treatment regimen for acute PID should be covered a wide variety of drugs against these microorganisms. <o:p /></span></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt text-align: justify"><b><span style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Conclusion</span></b><span style="color: black line-height: 115% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-themecolor: text1 mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">: Determining risk factors and patients’ clinical symptoms play a vital role in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of PID, leading a decrease in disability rate and side effects of PID.<span lang="AR-SA" dir="rtl"><o:p /></span></span></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font> بیماری التهابی لگن, اتیولوژی, میکروارگانیسم Pelvic inflammatory disease, Etiology, Microorganisms 82 94 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-1626&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 zahra Mehraban زهرا مهربان 3900319475328460027965 3900319475328460027965 Yes Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اردبیل ، اردبیل ، ایران Leila Alizadeh لیلا علیزاده 3900319475328460027966 3900319475328460027966 No Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اردبیل ، اردبیل ، ایران nour Amirmozafari نور امیرمظفری 3900319475328460027967 3900319475328460027967 No Iran University of Medical Sciences ,School of Medicine Microbiology Department ، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران، تهران، ایران.