<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>Razi Journal of Medical Sciences</title>
<title_fa>مجله علوم پزشکی رازی</title_fa>
<short_title>RJMS</short_title>
<subject>Medical Sciences</subject>
<web_url>http://rjms.iums.ac.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>39</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>journal39</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>2228-7043</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>2228-7051</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi></journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
<language>en</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1392</year>
	<month>9</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2013</year>
	<month>12</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>20</volume>
<number>114</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>fa</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa>بررسی اثر ترکیبی داروهای متادون و هالوپریدول بر اکتساب و بیان تحمل و وابستگی به مورفین در موش‌های سوری نر</title_fa>
	<title>The combination effect of methadone and haloperidol on the acquisition and expression of morphine tolerance and dependence in male mice</title>
	<subject_fa>فیزیولوژی</subject_fa>
	<subject>Physiology</subject>
	<content_type_fa>پژوهشي</content_type_fa>
	<content_type>Research</content_type>
	<abstract_fa>

&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify line-height: normal unicode-bidi: embed direction: rtl text-justify: kashida text-kashida: 0%&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot; font-size: 10pt mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;&quot;&gt;زمینه و هدف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot; font-size: 10pt mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;&quot;&gt;:
امروزه از اپیوئیدها برای کنترل و تسکین دردهای حاد و مزمن استفاده می­شود. اما بروز
دو پدیده تحمل و وابستگی از مهم&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot; font-size: 10pt mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot; font-size: 10pt mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;&quot;&gt;ترین
معضلات مصرف این مواد می­باشد. به همین دلیل در این تحقیق به بررسی اثر ترکیبی
متادون و هالوپریدول بر اکتساب و بیان تحمل و وابستگی به مورفین در موش­های سوری
نر پرداخته شده است.&lt;o:p /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify line-height: normal unicode-bidi: embed direction: rtl text-justify: inter-ideograph&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot; font-size: 10pt mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;&quot;&gt;روش کار&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot; font-size: 10pt mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;&quot;&gt;: در این پژوهش که یک مطالعه تجربی است 98
سر موش سوری نر از نژاد &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot; font-size: 9pt mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot;&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;NMRI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot; font-size: 10pt mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; انتخاب و در 2 گروه اکتساب و بیان قرار گرفتند.
هر گروه به 7 زیر گروه شامل: کنترل، سالین (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot; font-size: 9pt mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot;&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;sham&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot; font-size: 10pt mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)، متادون، هالوپریدول، متادون + هالوپریدول، نسبت 2 به 1 متادون+هالوپریدول
و نسبت 1 به 2 متادون + هالوپریدول تقسیم شد. همه موش­ها با دریافت دوزهای افزایشی
مورفین به مدت 7 روز معتاد شدند. تمامی داروها در گروه اکتساب 30 دقیقه قبل از
تزریق مورفین در مدت 7 روز و در گروه بیان 60 دقیقه قبل از تزریق مورفین در روز
هشتم (روز تست) تزریق می­شدند. برای بررسی تحمل در روز تست، 30 دقیقه قبل و بعد از
تزریق مورفین آزمون درد با آب داغ انجام می­شد. جهت بررسی وابستگی با تزریق
نالوکسان، موش­ها به­ مدت 30 دقیقه مشاهده رفتاری می‌شدند. سپس داده­ها با استفاده
از روش آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه به کمک نرم افزار &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot; font-size: 9pt mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot;&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;sigma stat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot; font-size: 10pt mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; تحلیل شدند.&lt;o:p /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify line-height: normal unicode-bidi: embed direction: rtl text-justify: kashida text-kashida: 0%&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot; font-size: 10pt mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;&quot;&gt;یافته‌ها:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot; font-size: 13pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot; font-size: 10pt mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;&quot;&gt;تزریق
مزمن مورفین موجب القای تحمل و وابستگی در موش­ها گردید. درصد حداکثر اثر ممکن (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot; font-size: 9pt mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot;&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Maximal Possible Effect- MPE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot; font-size: 10pt mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) به عنوان شاخص تحمل در 2 گروه اکتساب و
بیان در ترکیب دارویی متادون 1 + هالوپریدول 2 نسبت به مورفین افزایش معنی داری
پیدا کرد. همچنین در بررسی وابستگی، کاهش بارز رفتارهای سندرم ترک در گروه­های
درمان ترکیبی مشاهده شد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot; font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify line-height: normal unicode-bidi: embed direction: rtl text-justify: kashida text-kashida: 0%&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot; font-size: 10pt mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;&quot;&gt;نتیجه&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot; font-size: 9pt mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot; font-size: 10pt mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;&quot;&gt;گیری&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot; font-size: 10pt mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;&quot;&gt;:
به طور کلی نتایج این تحقیق نشان می­دهد که احتمالاً ترکیب دارویی متادون و
هالوپریدول، خصوصا با نسبت 1 به 2 در کاهش تحمل و وابستگی به مورفین از اثربخشی تک
تک داروها موثرتر می­باشد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Lotus&quot; font-size: 13pt mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot; font-size: 10pt mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; &lt;/font&gt;</abstract_fa>
	<abstract>

&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify line-height: normal text-justify: inter-ideograph&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot; font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;Background: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Calibri&quot;&gt;T&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot; font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;oday
opioids are used to control and relieve acute and chronic pain. However, the
incidence of both tolerance and dependence phenomena are the two major problems
in the people who take these drugs. So, in this study the combination effect of
haloperidol and methadone on the acquisition and expression of morphine
dependence and tolerance have been examined.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13pt mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify line-height: normal text-justify: inter-ideograph tab-stops: right 7.3pt center 265.9pt&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot; font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;Methods&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot; font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;: In this
experimental study ninety-eight NMRI male mice were randomly divided into
acquisition and expression groups. Each group was divided into seven
sub-groups: control, sham (saline), methadone, haloperidol, haloperidol + methadone,
methadone + haloperidol ratio of 2 to 1 and methadone + haloperidol ratio of 1
to 2. All groups were addicted with gradually increasing doses of morphine for
7 consecutive days. All drugs, in the acquisition group were injected 30
minutes before morphine injection for 7 days and in the expression group 30
minutes before morphine injection on the 8th day (test day). Morphine tolerance
was measured by tail immersion test for 30 minutes before and after
administration of morphine on the test day. To assess the dependence, mice were
administered with naloxone and then withdrawal behaviors were observed for 30
minutes. Then data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA by sigma stat software.&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify line-height: normal text-justify: inter-ideograph tab-stops: right 7.3pt center 265.9pt&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot; font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;Results:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Mitra&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Calibri&quot;&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot; font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;Chronic morphine injections induced
tolerance and dependence in mice. Percentage of Maximal Possible Effect (MPE)
as a tolerance index was significantly increased in acquisition and expression
groups which received drugs combination methadone 1 + haloperidol 2 as compared
to control groups. About the dependence, the marked decrease was shown in
withdrawal behaviors in the combination therapy groups.&lt;o:p /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify line-height: normal text-justify: inter-ideograph tab-stops: right 7.3pt center 265.9pt&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot; font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot; font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;However, our
results have shown that probably methadone and haloperidol combination
treatment, especially in the ratio of 1 to 2 could reduce tolerance and
dependence more than single drug treatment animal groups.&lt;o:p /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; &lt;/font&gt;</abstract>
	<keyword_fa>تحمل، وابستگی، مورفین، متادون، هالوپریدول</keyword_fa>
	<keyword>Tolerance, Dependence, Morphine, Methadone, Haloperidol.</keyword>
	<start_page>78</start_page>
	<end_page>87</end_page>
	<web_url>http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-1482&amp;slc_lang=fa&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>Zahra</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name> Kiasalari</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa> زهرا</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa> کیاسالاری</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>3900319475328460024472</code>
	<orcid>3900319475328460024472</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Shahed University, Tehran</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>دانشگاه شاهد، تهران</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Esmat</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name> yaghoutpoor</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>عصمت</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa> یاقوت پور</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>3900319475328460024473</code>
	<orcid>3900319475328460024473</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Shahed University, Tehran</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>دانشگاه شاهد، تهران</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Mohsen</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name> Khalili</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>محسن</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa> خلیلی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>3900319475328460024474</code>
	<orcid>3900319475328460024474</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Shahed University, Tehran</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>دانشگاه شاهد، تهران</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Samira</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name> Vahidi</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>سمیرا</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa> وحیدی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>3900319475328460024475</code>
	<orcid>3900319475328460024475</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Shahed University, Tehran</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>دانشگاه شاهد، تهران</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
