fa ریبو نوکلئیک اسیدها (RNAs) در اسپرم بالغ ژنتیک Genetic پژوهشي Research <p align="right"> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><span style="color: black font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt"> </span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify line-height: normal unicode-bidi: embed direction: rtl text-justify: kashida text-kashida: 0%" dir="rtl"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 10pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt">هسته اسپرم بالغ علی رغم عدم رونویسی، دارای جمعیت پیچیده ای از ریبونوکلئیک اسید </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" dir="ltr">RNA=RiboNucleic Acid)</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 10pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt"><span dir="rtl"></span>) از قبیل</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" dir="ltr">mRNAs mature RNAs</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 10pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt"><span dir="rtl"></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><font face="B Mitra" size="2">و</font></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" dir="ltr">micro RNAs</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 10pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" dir="ltr">miRNAs</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 10pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt"><span dir="rtl"></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><font face="B Mitra" size="2">می باشد که درطی مسیر اسپرماتوژنز (</font></span></span><a href="mw:C11:spermatogenesis"><span style="color: windowtext font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 9pt text-decoration: none mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt text-underline: none" dir="ltr"><u>Spermatogenesis</u></span></a><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 10pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt"><span dir="rtl"></span>) رونویسی و تجمع یافته‌اند. اسپرم بالغ فاقد ریبوزوم‌های سیتوپلاسمی و سیستم ترجمه می باشد، در حالی که </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" dir="ltr">mRNAs</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 10pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt"><span dir="rtl"></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><font face="B Mitra" size="2">سیتوپلاسمیک توسط پلی زوم‌های میتوکندریایی ترجمه می شوند. رونوشت‌های اسپرمی نقش مهمی در سازماندهی کروماتین، نقش گذاری ژنومیک </font></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" dir="ltr">Genomic</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 10pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt"><span dir="rtl"></span> پدری و خاموش کردن ژن‌ها دارند. اخیراً انتقال </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" dir="ltr">RNA</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 10pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt"><span dir="rtl"></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><font face="B Mitra"><font size="2">اسپرمی به سلول‌های اووسیت در هنگام<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></font><font size="2">لقاح و نقش اپی ژنتیکی و فراژنومیکی رونوشت های اسپرمی در اوایل رشد رویان نیز گزارش شده است. علاوه بر نقش زیستی </font></font></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" dir="ltr">RNA</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 10pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt"><span dir="rtl"></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><font face="B Mitra" size="2">اسپرمی در اسپرم بالغ و رشد تخمک بارور شده، تفاوت پروفایل </font></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" dir="ltr">RNA</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 10pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt"><span dir="rtl"></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><font face="B Mitra" size="2">در اسپرم بالغ مردان بارور و نابارور، پتانسیل بالقوه‌ای را به عنوان مارکرهای اسپرمی در ارزیابی باروری و ناباروری مردان فراهم می کند. در این مقاله مروری به حضور </font></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" dir="ltr">RNA</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 10pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt"><span dir="rtl"></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><font face="B Mitra" size="2">در اسپرم بالغ، انواع و نقش‌های بالقوه آن‌ها در باروری مردان و رشد تخمک بارور شده پرداخته می شود</font></span></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<o:p /></span></p><p align="right"> </p> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify line-height: normal text-justify: kashida text-kashida: 0% tab-stops: right 7.3pt center 265.9pt"><span style="color: black font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt">The nucleus of mature sperm contains a complex population of transcripts such as mRNAs and miRNAs which expressed and accumulated during process of spermatogenesis however<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></span>in spermatozoa, transcription is inert. The spermatozoa do not have cytoplasmic ribosomal compounds and translation apparatus<span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">.</font></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> However, spermatozoa can translate cytoplasmic mRNAs de novo, using mitochondrial polysomes. Important roles of spermatozoa RNAs include chromatin repackaging, paternal genomic imprintingand gene silencing.<font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Recent information of transferred spermatozoa RNAs into oocytes during fertilization and RNA-mediated epigenetic effect contribute extra genomically to early embryonic growth.<o:p /></font></font></span></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify line-height: normal text-justify: kashida text-kashida: 0% tab-stops: right 7.3pt center 265.9pt"><span style="color: black font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt">Furthermore, regardless of the biological roles of spermatozoal RNA and embryonic growth, the differences in profile expression of spermatozoa RNAs from fertile and infertile men, provide potential spermatozoa markers in assessment male fertility and infertility.<font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In this review, presence of RNAs in mature sperm, diversity and functions of gene transcripts in male fertility and embryonic development are discussed.<o:p /></font></font></span></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font> اسپرم، رونوشت های (RNAs) کدکننده و غیر کدکننده اسپرمی، عملکرد رونوشت های اسپرمی. Spermatozoa, Coding and non-coding RNAs, Roles of spermatozoa RNAs. 1 11 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-1423&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Mohammad Hossein Modarressi محمد حسین مدرسی 3900319475328460023663 3900319475328460023663 Yes Tehran University of Medical Sciences دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران Maryam Eghbali مریم اقبالی 3900319475328460023664 3900319475328460023664 No Tehran University of Medical Sciences دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران