@ARTICLE{Mehraban, author = {Mehraban, zahra and Alizadeh, Leila and Amirmozafari, nour and }, title = {Etiology of pelvic inflammatory disease }, volume = {21}, number = {127}, abstract ={ Background: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is one of the most common infections between women during reproductive age which is associated with major long-term complication, including tubal factor infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. In addition, treatment of acute PID and its sequelae impose health care costs. Prevention of these long-term complications is dependent on clinicians having a high level of recognition in order to make an early diagnosis and improvement of treatment strategies based on knowledge of the microbiologic etiology of acute PID.  Methods: This is a systematic review of more than 2580 papers about the etiology of pelvic inflammatory disease, which had been published until 2012.   Results: In most cases, PID is a polymicrobial infection and of sexually transmitted organisms Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis were most prevalent. Recently Mycoplasma genitalia are known as a cause of acute PID. Treatment regimen for acute PID should be covered a wide variety of drugs against these microorganisms.  Conclusion: Determining risk factors and patients’ clinical symptoms play a vital role in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of PID, leading a decrease in disability rate and side effects of PID.  }, URL = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3483-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3483-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, doi = {}, year = {2015} }