Research code: مطالعه مروری است و نیاز ندارد.
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Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran , sheervalilour@tbzmed.ac.ir
Abstract: (91 Views)
Background and Objective: Although COVID-19 was initially recognized as a respiratory illness, recent findings have reported long-term side effects in those who have recovered, with much still unknown about these effects. So far, only limited studies have reported the consequences of COVID-19 on bone and muscle homeostasis. Therefore, this article discusses studies related to bone tissue analysis and muscle performance, the potential mechanisms involved, and therapeutic approaches to manage these complications in COVID-19 survivors.
Method: In this study, original research articles and reputable review papers were searched in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases from 2019 to 2024. The keywords used included coronavirus, bone health, muscle performance, COVID-19 recovered patients, risk factors, potential mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches.
Results: Studies have shown that the inflammatory conditions resulting from coronavirus infection have direct and indirect negative impacts on bone health and muscle performance. Numerous studies in COVID-19 survivors reported significant bone tissue loss. These articles discussed potential mechanisms, including direct involvement of bone tissue cells, pre-inflammatory responses due to the cytokine storm caused by COVID-19 and/or as a result of hypoxia and oxidative stress, effects of antiviral treatments, blood biomarkers, vitamin D deficiency, the role of steroid hormones, and disruption of normal gut flora as factors influencing bone-muscle tissue loss. Additionally, probiotics and regulatory metabolites derived from normal gut flora were introduced as available therapeutic approaches.
Conclusion: The present study reports the connection and long-term consequences of COVID-19 on bone health and muscle performance in survivors. Multiple possibilities suggest that the coronavirus affects bone tissue directly or indirectly, thereby influencing muscle performance. Effects on bone cells, cytokine storms, gut microbiome disruption, antiviral and steroid treatments, vitamin D, and probiotics are significant factors affecting the severity of long-term complications of COVID-19 in those who have recovered.
Method: In this study, original research articles and reputable review papers were searched in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases from 2019 to 2024. The keywords used included coronavirus, bone health, muscle performance, COVID-19 recovered patients, risk factors, potential mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches.
Results: Studies have shown that the inflammatory conditions resulting from coronavirus infection have direct and indirect negative impacts on bone health and muscle performance. Numerous studies in COVID-19 survivors reported significant bone tissue loss. These articles discussed potential mechanisms, including direct involvement of bone tissue cells, pre-inflammatory responses due to the cytokine storm caused by COVID-19 and/or as a result of hypoxia and oxidative stress, effects of antiviral treatments, blood biomarkers, vitamin D deficiency, the role of steroid hormones, and disruption of normal gut flora as factors influencing bone-muscle tissue loss. Additionally, probiotics and regulatory metabolites derived from normal gut flora were introduced as available therapeutic approaches.
Conclusion: The present study reports the connection and long-term consequences of COVID-19 on bone health and muscle performance in survivors. Multiple possibilities suggest that the coronavirus affects bone tissue directly or indirectly, thereby influencing muscle performance. Effects on bone cells, cytokine storms, gut microbiome disruption, antiviral and steroid treatments, vitamin D, and probiotics are significant factors affecting the severity of long-term complications of COVID-19 in those who have recovered.
Keywords: Corona virus (COVID -19), bone health, muscle efficiency, recovered patients of COVID -19, risk factors, possible mechanisms, therapeutic approaches
Type of Study: review article |
Subject:
Medical
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