Research code: 0
Ethics code: 0
Clinical trials code: 0
Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor Unvierstiy, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding author) , hadijabbari@yahoo.com
Abstract: (134 Views)
Abstract:
Background and Aim: Medicinal plants are valuable natural resources that are considered by the food and pharmaceutical industries today and are considered as raw materials for the production of medicines without complications for humans. Medicinal plant extract compounds for asthma, bronchitis, cough, throat infections and emphysema, as well as for the treatment of ulcers or inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth, throat, stomach and intestines, gall bladder, kidney stones, kidney edema, headache, constipation, toothache and insomnia. The role of solvent in extracting the essential oils of medicinal plants is very important. The ultrasound process is one of the cheapest methods for extracting medicinal plant compounds. Ultrasound breaks the cell structure and releases bioactive compounds. As a result, it leads to higher yield and faster extraction speed. Herbs, spices and other plant materials are rich in phytochemicals that are considered as valuable components for pharmaceutical and food products. As a non-thermal process, ultrasound it is a gentle extraction method that prevents thermal degradation of the extract.
Methods: Clove plant extract was extracted by ultrasonic method in ethanol, water, methanol, ethanol and water mixture (Abushouk AI, 2017). The composition of the extract was identified using gas chromatography. The most important compound identified in N was eugenol, which constitutes more than 85% of the extract. The amount of eugenol in different solvents had different percentages, and the highest amount of 83.17% was detected in water solvent, which has many therapeutic properties. The antioxidant properties of clove plant with the destruction method of free radicals 2 and 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was measured.
Results: The ultrasound process is one of the cheapest methods for extracting medicinal plant compounds. Ultrasound breaks the cell structure and releases bioactive compounds. As a result, it leads to higher yield and faster extraction speed. Herbs, spices and other plant materials are rich in phytochemicals that are considered as valuable components for pharmaceutical and food products. As a non-thermal process, ultrasound it is a gentle extraction method that prevents the thermal degradation of the extract. The most identified substance in clove extract was eugenol, which had a high yield in water solvent. The antioxidant properties of the clove plant were measured by the free radical scavenging method (DPPH), by preparing 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 80 and 90 microliters of the extract sample, the 90 microliter treatment had the highest consumption of DPPH, which was the best treatment of this test and had high antioxidant properties compared to the following treatments.
Conclusion: Clove oil and eugenol obtained from it have analgesic, anesthetic and antiseptic effects. It is usually used in dentistry. It shows an anti-inflammatory effect against mouse macrophages. Eugenol showed strong antibacterial effectiveness against different strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and has more antimicrobial activity when combined with gentamicin, β-lactam and vancomycin antibiotics. The antifungal efficacy of eugenol and clove oil has been investigated against yeasts and filamentous fungi, including various human pathogenic fungi and food-borne fungal species. Eugenol has antiviral activity against HSV-1 and herpes simplex-2 (HSV-2) by inhibiting viral replication and reducing viral infection. Eugenol isolated from clove extracts and their essential oils shows that it has antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. The anti-inflammatory effects of eugenol are attributed to its effect to prevent neutrophil/macrophage chemotherapy and prostaglandin synthesis as well as cyclooxygenase II enzyme. In addition, eugenol dimers reduce the side effects of chemotherapy by inhibiting the expression of cytokines in macrophages. It cures arthritis and therefore can be used in the treatment of arthritis. The direct effect of eugenol in inhibiting the activation of NF-κB caused by tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and preventing the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in LPS stimulating macrophages was investigated with an IC50 value equal to 2.7 μm in healthy cells. Furthermore, eugenol protects protected macrophages from chemical-induced cell dysfunction and stabilizes PRO/anti-inflammatory mediators. Eugenol has been investigated for its anticancer activity against skin tumors, melanoma, gastric cancer, leukemia, and prostate cancer by regulating oncogenes and the caspase-dependent pathway. The process of ultrasound and extraction of medicinal plant extracts at low temperature is very important in order to preserve the structure of medicinal compounds and the role of solvent in the efficiency of the extracted eugenol compound.
Background and Aim: Medicinal plants are valuable natural resources that are considered by the food and pharmaceutical industries today and are considered as raw materials for the production of medicines without complications for humans. Medicinal plant extract compounds for asthma, bronchitis, cough, throat infections and emphysema, as well as for the treatment of ulcers or inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth, throat, stomach and intestines, gall bladder, kidney stones, kidney edema, headache, constipation, toothache and insomnia. The role of solvent in extracting the essential oils of medicinal plants is very important. The ultrasound process is one of the cheapest methods for extracting medicinal plant compounds. Ultrasound breaks the cell structure and releases bioactive compounds. As a result, it leads to higher yield and faster extraction speed. Herbs, spices and other plant materials are rich in phytochemicals that are considered as valuable components for pharmaceutical and food products. As a non-thermal process, ultrasound it is a gentle extraction method that prevents thermal degradation of the extract.
Methods: Clove plant extract was extracted by ultrasonic method in ethanol, water, methanol, ethanol and water mixture (Abushouk AI, 2017). The composition of the extract was identified using gas chromatography. The most important compound identified in N was eugenol, which constitutes more than 85% of the extract. The amount of eugenol in different solvents had different percentages, and the highest amount of 83.17% was detected in water solvent, which has many therapeutic properties. The antioxidant properties of clove plant with the destruction method of free radicals 2 and 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was measured.
Results: The ultrasound process is one of the cheapest methods for extracting medicinal plant compounds. Ultrasound breaks the cell structure and releases bioactive compounds. As a result, it leads to higher yield and faster extraction speed. Herbs, spices and other plant materials are rich in phytochemicals that are considered as valuable components for pharmaceutical and food products. As a non-thermal process, ultrasound it is a gentle extraction method that prevents the thermal degradation of the extract. The most identified substance in clove extract was eugenol, which had a high yield in water solvent. The antioxidant properties of the clove plant were measured by the free radical scavenging method (DPPH), by preparing 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 80 and 90 microliters of the extract sample, the 90 microliter treatment had the highest consumption of DPPH, which was the best treatment of this test and had high antioxidant properties compared to the following treatments.
Conclusion: Clove oil and eugenol obtained from it have analgesic, anesthetic and antiseptic effects. It is usually used in dentistry. It shows an anti-inflammatory effect against mouse macrophages. Eugenol showed strong antibacterial effectiveness against different strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and has more antimicrobial activity when combined with gentamicin, β-lactam and vancomycin antibiotics. The antifungal efficacy of eugenol and clove oil has been investigated against yeasts and filamentous fungi, including various human pathogenic fungi and food-borne fungal species. Eugenol has antiviral activity against HSV-1 and herpes simplex-2 (HSV-2) by inhibiting viral replication and reducing viral infection. Eugenol isolated from clove extracts and their essential oils shows that it has antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. The anti-inflammatory effects of eugenol are attributed to its effect to prevent neutrophil/macrophage chemotherapy and prostaglandin synthesis as well as cyclooxygenase II enzyme. In addition, eugenol dimers reduce the side effects of chemotherapy by inhibiting the expression of cytokines in macrophages. It cures arthritis and therefore can be used in the treatment of arthritis. The direct effect of eugenol in inhibiting the activation of NF-κB caused by tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and preventing the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in LPS stimulating macrophages was investigated with an IC50 value equal to 2.7 μm in healthy cells. Furthermore, eugenol protects protected macrophages from chemical-induced cell dysfunction and stabilizes PRO/anti-inflammatory mediators. Eugenol has been investigated for its anticancer activity against skin tumors, melanoma, gastric cancer, leukemia, and prostate cancer by regulating oncogenes and the caspase-dependent pathway. The process of ultrasound and extraction of medicinal plant extracts at low temperature is very important in order to preserve the structure of medicinal compounds and the role of solvent in the efficiency of the extracted eugenol compound.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Biochemistry
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |