Volume 30, Issue 7 (10-2023)
RJMS 2023, 30(7): 1-14 |
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Research code: مقاله مستخرجچ از پایان نامه دکتری می باشد
Ethics code: IR.SSRC.REC.1400.062
Clinical trials code: مقاله مستخرجچ از پایان نامه دکتری می باشد
Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran , barjaste.amene469@gmail.com
Abstract: (643 Views)
Background & Aims: New progress has been made in more than one field of sports science. One of the most important and current topics in the development of this field is the science of practice. In recent years, coping with a sedentary and car-free life is of particular importance to societies today, as doing exercise programs has become an undeniable necessity for disease prevention and quality of life. Noses. According to the design of exercise science, the best type of exercise to record the best record is the exercise that becomes the same sport according to the physiological needs and had the most similarity with its competitive conditions (4). Therefore, better selection and design in special training for swimming and water polo training needs to be found due to the competitive competition during the working group, which needs to maintain higher physical and motor fitness. In this regard, exercise immunology studies have focused on key components of immune functions such as immune cells, immunoglobulins, glutamines and messenger molecules (cytokines) and the effects of environmental, nutritional and exercise factors. Meanwhile, interleukin-6 attracts a lot of attention because on the one hand it is in the post-exercise period that increases insulin release and on the other hand it is associated with obesity and decreased insulin function (12). There are conflicting findings about the appropriate intensity to reduce inflammatory factors and observe the anti-inflammatory effects of physical activity. Exercise with moderate and high intensity and duration in the training period has a greater effect on inflammatory variables and reduces inflammatory factors, and lower intensities have less effects (49). Although little research has been done on the relationship between intermittent exercise and changes in interleukin and interleukin-6; But mainly in them, only nutritional and medical interventions are emphasized and more on patients. In the present study, the changes of these factors in relation to the adaptations of intense periodic training on water polo athletes without nutritional and pharmacological considerations are investigated. Finally, it seeks to answer the question, what effect does eight weeks of selected training have on the serum levels of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-6 elite water polo players?
Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of selected training on serum levels of IL-6, IL-4 and motor performance of elite water polo players. For this purpose, 20 male water polo players (with a mean age of 23 years) were randomly divided into two groups of 10 experimental (selected water polo training) and control (traditional water polo training). Selected water polo training was performed for eight weeks and 6 sessions per week. To control the intensity of training, used percentage of maximum heart rate (80-100% MHR); Also, the intensity of training was increased by 5% every week. In this study, water polo performance tests included a record of 50 meters swimming, 100 meters high swimming, 200 meters’ breaststroke, 6 ×50 meters swimming and 400 meters swimming. To evaluate the serum levels of IL-6, IL-4 5 cc of venous blood was taken in the pre- and post-test stages and measured by sandwich ELISA method. To compare the measured means, t-test was used at a significant level of P < 0.05.
Results: The results showed that eight weeks of selected water polo training caused significant changes in IL-4 levels of elite water polo players (P < 0.05), however, there were no significant changes in IL-6 levels and water polo players' performance.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that eight weeks of selected water polo exercises had a significant increase in serum IL-4 level in the experimental group but these results did not show a significant increase in IL-6 serum level in the experimental group. Also, the results of our research did not show significant changes in the swimming records of 50 meters, 100 meters, 200 meters and 400 meters in experimental subjects after eight weeks of selected water polo training. Consistent with our research results, many studies have reported an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines after a period of exercise (29-31). Among the studies that examined the effect of exercise on serum interleukin-4 levels; According to the results of our study, Baldusi et al. (2010) in a study measured the effect of one year of aerobic and resistance training on diabetic patients and observed a significant increase in interleukin 4 in one of their research groups compared to the control group. The results of some studies have also shown that obesity causes the production of TNF-α, leptin and proinflammatory cytokines such as 4-IL and 5-IL in patients with asthma (8). Regarding studies close to the present study, we can refer to Nikzad et al. (2017), who showed that twelve weeks of swimming training (on mice). Has decreased the amount of proinflammatory cytokine 6-IL. Ebrahimpour et al. (2017,) also showed that 8 weeks of endurance swimming training increased the inflammatory effects of breast cancer by increasing interleukin-10 and decreasing interleukin-6 in heart tissue (3). Also, the research of Kapomakio et al. (2011) on the effect of physical exercise on swimmers, an increase in interleukin-6 expression levels and no change in interleukin-6 receptor in the training group compared to the control group was observed. Rihaneh et al. In 2013 achieved almost the same findings, so that in the studies of these researchers, 6-IL was significantly increased as a result of exercise (25). Also, our results showed that 8 weeks of selected training had no effect on motor performance on elite water polo players. In this regard, Brasula et al. (2016) investigated the effect of four weeks of swimming training and beta-alanine supplementation on repetitive speed performance in 22 elite male water polo players (23). Before and after receiving the supplement, the subjects performed repetitive speed performance tests in a session of 30 minutes with an interval of 30 minutes. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups as a result of the first iterative speed performance. However, this difference was statistically significant as a result of the second iterative speed performance test. Other important factors in achieving these results include the nature of the sport of water polo and its basic skill, namely swimming. As mentioned before, swimming is a sport that in addition to physical fitness, the technical performance of the swimmer also plays a major role in improving its performance. In fact, improving the performance and record of the athlete is not only a function of physiological and physical factors. The control group also performed the exercises intensively. Their performance also improved, but the rate of change was greater in the selected exercise group, although it was not statistically significant Overall, our results showed that eight weeks of selected water polo training caused significant changes in plasma levels of interleukin-4 elite water polo players, however, it could not cause significant changes in plasma levels of interleukin-6.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Exercise Physiology
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