• The studies about the effect of exercise training on expression of Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP-1) in different adipose depots were few. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks endurance training on expression of this gene in retroperitoneal adipose tissue of wistar rats.

Methods: 20 rats were purchased, and were divided randomly into two groups included: 1) Control (n=10) and 2) Endurance Training (n=10). After two weeks of acclimatization with Environment, the subjects of training group underwent continues endurance training on treadmill for eight weeks. After training program, rats were euthanized under an intraperitoneal injection of xylazin-ketamine and retroperitoneal adipose tissue were quickly dissected out and frozen. The Syber Green Real Time (RT) –PCR method were used to measure the gene expression of UCP-1.

• Data showed that the gene expression ration of UCP-1 was significantly higher in trained group than control (P<0.05, 3.11±1.28 v.s 1.00) and Body weight (290±6.60 v.s 310±5.05) and body mass index (0.54±0.02 v.s 0.60±0.01) were significantly lower in trained group than control (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Long term Endurance exercise training slightly lead to decrease of weight loss and body mass index, to increase of expression of thermogenin protein namely UCP-1 (a main marker of browning of white adipose tissue). In this regard, exercise training has additional and different effect in increasing energy expenditure and probably plays a role in weight loss through the changing of gene expression pattern