other بررسی مقایسه ویژگی‌های زیستی و روانی والدین کودکان با نشانگان داون و والدین کودکان عادی در شهر کرمانشاه روانشناسی بالینی Clinical Psychiatry پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0070c0">زمینه و هدف: </span></span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">شناخت تفاوت‌های موجود میان والدین کودکان با نشانگان داون و والدین کودکان عادی، می‌تواند به طراحی مداخلات مؤثرتر، خدمات حمایتی هدفمندتر و سیاست‌گذاری دقیق‌تر در حوزه سلامت خانواده منجر شود، بنابراین هدف مطالعه بررسی مقایسه ویژگی‌های زیستی و روانی&nbsp; والدین کودکان با نشانگان داون و والدین کودکان عادی در شهر کرمانشاه بود</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0070c0">روش کار:</span></span></span></span></b> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">روش مطالعه پس رویدادی (علی- مقایسه‌ای) بود که جامعه آماری آن شامل دانش آموزان با نشانگان داون که در مدارس استثنایی و دانش آموزان عادی که در سال تحصیلی 1393-1392 در دبستان‌های شهر کرمانشاه مشغول به تحصیل بود و از کل دانش آموزان عادی شهر کرمانشاه با روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای 70 دانش آموز (40 پسر و 30 دختر) برگزیده شده‌اند. در این پژوهش برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه‌ای که توسط گروهی از متخصصین این رشته تنظیم گردید استفاده شد. از آزمون مجذور کای (خی دو) برای معنی‌دار بودن تفاوت بین متغیرها استفاده گردید</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0070c0">یافته‌ها:</span></span></span></span></b> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که بین فصل تولد و فراوانی تولد کودک با نشانگان داون رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد. در مقابل، نتایج بیانگر آن بود که با افزایش تفاوت سنی پدر و مادر، افزایش ترتیب تولد، نامطلوب بودن وضعیت عاطفی</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">-</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">روانی مادر و نیز افزایش تمایل به فرزندآوری، فراوانی تولد کودک با نشانگان داون بیشتر می‌شود و میان این متغیرها و فراوانی تولد کودک با نشانگان داون رابطه معناداری وجود دارد</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">.</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0070c0">نتیجه‌گیری:</span></span></span></span></b><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش، برخی ویژگی‌های زیستی و روانی والدین می‌توانند در افزایش احتمال تولد کودک با نشانگان داون نقش داشته باشند، در حالی که فصل تولد تأثیر معناداری در این زمینه ندارد؛ بنابراین توجه به عوامل خانوادگی، روانی و زیستی والدین در برنامه‌ریزی‌های پیشگیرانه و مشاوره‌ای ضروری به نظر می‌رسد</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">.</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> <div> <table align="left" hspace="0" vspace="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="padding: 0in 12px; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#0070c0">Background: </span></span></span></span></b>&nbsp;<span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Understanding the differences between parents of children with Down syndrome and parents of typically developing children can contribute to the design of more effective interventions, more targeted support services, and more accurate policymaking in family health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the biological and psychological characteristics of parents of children with Down syndrome and parents of typically developing children in Kermanshah.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#0070c0">Methods:</span></span></span></span></b>&nbsp; <span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">This study employed a retrospective causal-comparative design. The statistical population included students with Down syndrome enrolled in special schools and typically developing students attending elementary schools in Kermanshah during the 2013&ndash;2014 academic year. From the population of typically developing students in Kermanshah, 70 students (40 boys and 30 girls) were selected using cluster sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire developed by a group of experts in the field. The chi-square test was used to determine the significance of differences between variables.</span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#0070c0"></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#0070c0">Results:</span></span></span></span></b> &nbsp;<span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The findings showed that there was no significant relationship between birth season and the frequency of birth of children with Down syndrome. In contrast, the results indicated that the frequency of birth of children with Down syndrome increased with greater parental age difference, higher birth order, poorer emotional-psychological status of the mother, and greater desire for childbearing. A significant relationship was found between these variables and the frequency of birth of children with Down syndrome</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">.</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#0070c0">Conclusion:</span></span></span></span></b> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Based on the findings of this study, some biological and psychological characteristics of parents may play a role in increasing the likelihood of having a child with Down syndrome, whereas birth season does not have a significant effect. Therefore, attention to parental biological, psychological, and family-related factors appears necessary in preventive and counseling programs</span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> ویژگی‌های زیستی, سلامت روان, سندروم داون. Biological Characteristics, Mental Health, Down Syndrome. 96 104 http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-8811-1&slc_lang=other&sid=1 Jabar Saleh جبار صالح 3900319475328460090954 9035-5699-0007-0009 Yes Ph.D. in Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Gholamali Afrooz غلامعلی افروز afrooz@ut.ac.ir 3900319475328460090955 0009-0000-4729-1608 No Distinguished Professor, Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Iran