39 2228-7043 Iran University of Medical Sciences 2344 Psychiatric Occupational therapy Comparison of sleep disorders in shift and non-shift workers employed in a printing factory in Tehran 2010 Labbafinejad Yasser b Attarchi Mir Saeed c Azimzadeh Behrouz d Serajzadeh Narges e Namvar Mohamad f b Tehran University of Medical Sciences c Tehran University of Medical Sciences d Tehran University of Medical Sciences e Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences f Tehran University of Medical Sciences 1 1 2013 19 103 1 8 07 01 2013   Background : According to the previous studies, 25 percent of the total workforce is faced with the shift working. Sleep disorders are the most common health complaint of the shift workers. This study was designed to examine the sleep status of workers in a printing factory. We aimed to investigate the association between prevalence of sleep disorders with shift working and other probable factors.   Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among workers of a printing factory in Tehran, 2010. Required information was gathered through a questionnaire consisting of three parts : Demographic data, ESS questionnaire (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and SMII questionnaire (Sleep Med Insomnia Index). Collected data from 385 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. P values <0 . 05 were considered significant statistically.   Results: According to the results of the analysis, shift working, drug consumption and smoking were significantly associated with the prevalence of sleep disorders (especially with prevalence of insomnia). Logistic regression analysis was also performed for insomnia. The Odds Ratio for shift working and drug consumption were 2 . 3 and 3 . 2, respectively.   Conclusion: Based on this study, shift working could be considered as an important risk factor of sleep disorders. However, further studies are needed to confirm this theory and to plan for reducing such disorders among shift workers.
2343 Psychiatric Occupational therapy Effects of mirror therapy on hand function in patients with orthopedic injuries Rostami Hamid Reza g Tabatabai Saeed h Babadi Nina i g Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences h Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences i Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences 1 1 2013 19 103 9 17 07 01 2013   Background : Mirror therapy as a neural based rehabilitation technique, produces illusion of two healthy limbs for the brain. The aim of the present study was to determine effects of mirror therapy in restoring hand function in patients with active Range of Motion (ROM) impairments following orthopaedic injuries.   Methods: In a randomised controlled trial, 30 patients with active ROM impairment (8 men, 22 women mean age: 38 years) were measured. Intervention group received mirror therapy, 30-minute a day, 5 days a week for 3-week, as well, half an hour conventional rehabilitation after each mirror therapy session. Patients in the control group received the same treatment program, but instead of mirror, they directly observed the affected hand. Outcome measures including Total Active Motion (TAM), and Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire were given pre, and post treatment, and 3 weeks later. Trial is registered as a randomised controlled trial in Iranian Clinical Trial Registry, number NCT01503762 in http://clinicaltrials.gov/.   Results: Final analysis was performed on 23 patients. The TAM and DASH scores significantly improved in the post-test in both groups, and improvement continued during the follow-up period however, mirror therapy group exhibited significantly greater changes in the TAM and DASH scores than control (p<0.01), either at the post-test (154º vs. 62º 34 vs. 15), or follow-up session (181º vs. 88º 39 vs. 26).   Conclusion: Mirror therapy in combination to a conventional rehabilitation program produced more improvement in hand function compared with a control group which might be through activating neural networks inhibited after injury. 2345 Physiology Effect of dietary olive leaf extract on brain cholesterol, cholesterol ester and triglyceride levels and of brain edema in rat stroke model Rabiei Zahra j Bigdeli Mohammad Reza k Mohagheghi Fatemeh l Rasoulian Bahram m Sharifi Abulghasem n j Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences k Shahid Beheshti University l Shahid Beheshti University m Lorestan University of Medical Sciences n Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 1 1 2013 19 103 18 25 07 01 2013   Background : Brain injury by transient complete global brain ischemia (cardiac arrest) and regional incomplete brain ischemia (ischemic stroke) afflicts a very large number of patients with death or permanent disability. Recent studies suggest that olive extracts suppress inflammation and reduce stress oxidative injury.   Methods: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary Olive Leaf Extract (OLE) on brain cholesterol, cholesterol ester and triglyceride levels as well as brain edema in rat stroke model.   Five groups, each consisting of 12 male Wistar rats, were studied. First and second groups (control and sham) received distilled water, while three treatment groups received oral olive leaf extract (OLE) for 30 days (50, 75 and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively). Two hours after the last dose, each main group was subdivided to Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO)-operated (n=6) and intact subgroups (n=6) for assessment of neuropathology (brain edema) and brain lipid analysis.   Results: The brain cholesterol, cholesterol ester and triglyceride levels were greater in experimental groups when compared to controls. Olive leaf extracts reduced brain edema in experimental groups of 75 and 100 mg/kg/day.   Conclusion: Our data suggest that OLE may be cerebroprotective in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion. Further work is required to extend these observations. 2346 Gynecology A comparison of effectiveness between skin patch of nitroglycerin and nifedipin on controlling preterm labor Kashanian Maryam o Zamen Zahra p Khorshidifar Abdulreza o Tehran University of Medical Sciences p Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences 1 1 2013 19 103 26 32 07 01 2013   Background : Preterm labor is defined by bearing before 37 weeks of gestation. Premature newborn is associated with a high morbidity. Past studies demonstrated TNG has a positive effect on preterm labor, but no studies have been done comparing TNG and nifedipin in this field. The objective of the present study was to compare the effect and complications of Patch of TNG and nifedipin (Ca channel blocker) for treatment of preterm labor.   Methods: A randomized clinical trial study was performed on 120 pregnant women with preterm labor pregnancy in Shahid Akbar Abadi Hospital in Tehran. Sixty women (TNG group) were compared with 60 women (nifedipin group) for drugs’ safety and efficacy (delay of delivery for more than 48 hours). Contractions and blood pressure were controlled in both the groups.   Results: In 41 (68.3%) patients of group 1, delay of delivery occurred for more than 48 hours, and in second group, it happened in 52(86.7%) patients. There was a statistically significant difference (p=0.016). In 37 (61.7%) patients of group 1, delay of delivery occurred for more than 72 hours, and in second group, it happened in 47(78.3%) patients. There was a statistically significant difference (p=0.046).   Conclusion: TNG patch is an effective and suitable drug, associated with fewer complications in comparison with nifedipin in the treatment of preterm labor. 2347 Nutrition Sciences Effect of royal jelly intake on serum glucose, HbA1c, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, double blind clinical trial study Khoshpey Basmeh Shidfar Farzad Jazayeri Shima Malek Mojtaba Hosseini Agha Fatemeh Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences 1 1 2013 19 103 33 40 07 01 2013   Background : Type 2 diabetes melitus (DM) is highly prevalent worldwide. Evidence supports a role for royal jelly in reduction of serum glucose and lipids. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of royal jelly intake on serum glucose, HbA1c, and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) in type 2 diabetic patients.   Methods: Fifty patients with type 2 DM participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-weeks study. The patients with type 2 DM were divided randomly into placebo and royal jelly groups of 25 each. Both groups received the treatment for 8 weeks. In royal jelly group participants received three 1000 mg royal jelly capsules daily and placebo group received three 1000 mg placebo capsules daily. Blood samples were taken after 12 hours of fasting at the beginning and the end of the study. Serum glucose, HbA1c, and TAC were evaluated.   Results: Forty six participants completed the study. Royal jelly intake reduced FBS levels (p=0.006) and increased TAC (p=0.016) significantly after 8 weeks compared with placebo. Royal jelly did not affect serum HbA1c levels.   Conclusion : This study shows that royal jelly has some benefits in type 2 diabetic patients. 2348 Neonatology Determining the frequency of prenatal factors in infant mortality in Tehran during 2009-2010 Mohaghighi Parisa Hashemzadeh Isfahani Masoud Mousavi Kani Kaveh Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Kaveh International Chain Companies 1 1 2013 19 103 41 47 07 01 2013   Background : The worldwide annual incidence of neonatal mortality has been estimated as 3.7 million. Most of these deaths occur in the first 28 days of birth and in developing countries. We aimed to estimated prevalence of different related risk factors of neonatal death.   Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was performed. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered and 3768 data bases were recorded. Information was collected on neonatal and maternal age at the time of delivery, neonatal gender, place of delivery, head of the family, place of living, place of neonatal death, method of neonatal admission, type of delivery, etc.   Results: In this 3768 files related to neonatal deaths were evaluated. Mean maternal age was 24.1 ± 4.15 yrs (16-38 yrs). Mean number of deliveries was 2.8 ± 1.9 (1-12 deliveries). Mean neonatal apgar score of the first minute was 5.2 ± 2.7, while apgar score of the 5th minute was 7.3 ± 3.2. Mean neonatal weight was 1250 ± 322 gm (527-1620 gm).   Conclusion: The main aim of the present study was to identify the factors related to neonatal mortality. These factors were mostly neonatal infections, premature labor, and low birth weight. 2349 Pulmonary Disease The correlation and level of agreement between arterial blood gas PCO2 and end-tidal CO2 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation Yazdani Rostam Touhidi Mohammad Hassan Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences 1 1 2013 19 103 48 54 07 01 2013   Background : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) represents a major public health problem. The course of COPD is characterized by episodic periods of worsening symptoms, termed exacerbations. Supplemental oxygen should be given to patients with COPD exacerbation without causing CO2 retention. Arterial blood gas sampling is the gold standard for monitoring adequate oxygenation and for assessing CO2 retention. Capnography is a noninvasive method based on measurement of end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2), which in this article we aim to evaluate the relationship between end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (ETCO2) and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in patients with COPD exacerbation.   Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in 75 patients with COPD exacerbation between the ages of 41 and 85 who required hospitalization in second half of year 2010. Measurements of ETCO2 and PaCO2 were taken by ABG and capnography simultaneously: 1) at admission, 2) 30 minutes after treatment with supplemental oxygen and bronchodilators.   Results: There was a significant correlation between ETCO2 and PaCO2 at both stages (correlation coefficient: 0.773 and 0.783, respectively). The mean (SD) difference for PaCO2 and ETCO2 were: 9.99 (7.17) and 9.97 (6.84) mmHg, respectively. Further analysis with Bland-Altman showed agreement between results of capnography and ABG in both stages of this study.   Conclusion: In this study we found strong correlation and agreement between arterial blood gas pco2 and end-tidal co2 results in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease exacerbation. 2350 ENT Endoscopic evaluation of pterygopalatine fossa in adult Iranian cadavers Mohebbi Alireza Etemadi Maryam Mousavi Kani Kaveh Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Yekta Teb Kaveh Co 1 1 2013 19 103 55 64 07 01 2013   Background : Our aim in this study was to recognize the endoscopic anatomy of the Pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) and the anatomic variations of the related neurovascular structures, to define the endoscopic endonasal approach to this region.   Methods: In a case series study 17 fresh adult cadavers were studied by endoscopic endonasal approach. To reach the pterygopalatine fossa endonasally, we performed the antrostomy and uncinectomy in all cadavers. The medial and posterior walls of the maxillary sinus were defined and studied. The internal maxillary artery and pterygopalatine ganglion and the other nerves were exposed. The posterior wall of maxillary sinus was opened to expose the pterygopalatine fossa and its neurovascular contents, which were studied and documented . Mean, median, range, standard deviation, frequency and frequency percentage were determined using statistical software SPSS V.19 and using descriptive analyses. For comparison of qualitative averages, independent t test was used after the normal distribution of data was tested to determine whether it is followed by 1-sample KS and -Chi square statistical test was used for the comparison of qualitative ratios. In all tests, significance level was considered as two tails and p value less than 0.05.   Results: The PPF was easily approached by endoscopic transnasal transmaxillary approach. The PPF region was best exposed by the middle meatus tranasal approach. In the PPF infraorbital nerve, vidian nerve, greater palatine nerve, the infraorbital artery, internal maxillary artery, sphenopalatine artery, descending palatine artery, posterior superior alveolar artery and buccal artery were exposed.   Conclusion: During the endoscopic transnasal transmaxillary approach to the PPF, it is possible to face wide range of variations in every phase of the approach but they are similarities at the base. Understanding the anatomy of this region and the neurovascular relations from the endoscopic view by cadaver dissections, will help us to perform more controlled and safe surgery. 2351 Microbiology Synthesis of silver nanoparticles through chemical reduction and biosynthesis methods and evaluation of their antibacterial effects Mohtashami Mahnaz Sepehriseresht Saeed Asli Esmaeel Boroumand Mohammad Ali Ghasemi Ahmad Islamic Azad University, Karaj Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology Islamic Azad University, Karaj Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tarbiat Modares University 1 1 2013 19 103 65 74 07 01 2013   Background : Silver nanoparticles have wide applications in medicine and treatment of bacterial infections due to their disinfection properties. Chemical synthesis, biosynthesis and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles have been studied previously, but regarding the high costs of chemical synthesis and the increase of antibiotic-resistance phenomenon among bacteria, assessment of the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and their effects on different clinical and standard bacterial strains is of great importance.   Methods: Silver nanoparticles were synthesized through chemical and biosynthesis methods and their size and size distribution was assessed Transmission Electron Microscope. Chemically synthesized nanoparticles were added to tubes containing TSB medium and different bacterial strains for their antibacterial effects and their minimum inhibitory concentration was calculated   Results: Chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles had high monodispersity, but biosynthesized nanoparticles had higher polydispersity. Smaller silver nanoparticles had better antibacterial effects on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, in such a manner that they inhibited the bacterial growth at 0.2 mM concentration, but larger nanoparticles had lesser effects.   Conclusion: Biosynthesis through bacterial supernatant is cost effective, but it produces polydisperse nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles can replace antibiotics due to their suitable antibacterial effects, but it should be mentioned that clinical strains are more resistant than standard strains and bacterial resistance to these nanoparticles should be checked before their prescription. 2352 Physiology The effect of time of performing a maximal aerobic exercise session on granulocyte serum changes in young male athletes Mohammdnejad Panahkandi Yahya Masoudian Behnam Shahidi Fereshte Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University 1 1 2013 19 103 75 84 07 01 2013   Background : Blood is the third component of the circulatory system where changes occur following exercise-induced increase in metabolism. The purpose of the present research was to examine the effect of time of performing a maximal aerobic exercise session on granulocyte serum changes in young male athletes.   Methods: Twenty athletes were randomly selected from the students of Physical Education in the University of Tehran and were divided into a morning group (N=10 20.9±0.99 years, 67.35±6.27 kg, and 180.4±4.28 cm) and an afternoon group (N=10 21±0.63 years, 67.13±9.13 kg, and 176.9±9.01 cm).The morning and afternoon groups performed the seven-station Bruce protocol from 8 to 10 A.M. and 3 to 5 P.M., respectively. The present research is quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design. Blood samples were collected from both groups before, immediately after, and 2 hours after the exercise. Mean and standard deviation were used for data description, and repeated measures ANOVA as well as Bonferroni test were applied for hypothesis testing at the 0.05 significance level.   Results: The result suggested that during a maximal aerobic exercise session in morning and afternoon neutrophil levels in the two groups decreased in post-test compared pre-test and in the recovery increased to a higher rate than the pre-test. Lymphocyte levels in the two groups increased compared to pre-test and in the recovery test was lower than before. Monocyte and eosinophil levels in three stages declined. On the other hand, no significant differences were noted in the neutrophil and lymphocyte levels in both morning and afternoon and monocytes in the morning group.   No significant differences were noted in the levels of eosinophils and monocytes of the groups at different stages of blood sampling. Only there was a significant difference between neutrophil levels in male athletes during maximal aerobic exercise session in the morning and afternoon, before, immediately and 2 hours after the activities (p≤0/05).   Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, it can be argued that a maximal aerobic exercise session is considered as a stress and repressive factor for the immune system.