Iran University of Medical Sciences
Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
2228-7043
2228-7051
25
4
2018
7
1
A comparison of the lower limb joint angles during the step parade return and flexibility in soldiers with and without Shin Splints
1
10
FA
ali
salari
Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran.
ali.salari_sport@yahoo.com
N
nahid
khoshraftar yazdi
Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran.
na.khoshraftar@gmail.com
Y
0000-0002-9969-8335
mehrdad
fathi
Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran.
dr.mfathei@gmail.com
N
Background: Shin splints is the most common cause of overload-related musculoskeletal injuries. The aim of this study was to comparing the lower limb joint angles during the step parade return and flexibility in soldiers with and without shin splints.
Methods: In this study, 30 soldiers of the border guard Training Center of Khorasan Razavi with range of 18 to 30 years, were selected as volunteers and based on the presence or absence of symptoms of shin splints during parade were divided into two groups. Measurement of kinematic parameters of angles of the hip, knee and ankle using a system of markers, percutaneous, digital imaging (camcorder, with a resolution of 4 megapixels) and Auto CAD software was used. The flexibility of the subjects was measured using sit and rich test. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the normal distribution of data. Descriptive statistics and Levene's test was used to evaluate the homogeneity data, then data were analyzed by independent-samples t-test at a significance levels of p<0.05.
Results: The results showed the significant differences in the results of lower extremity joint angles (ankle: p= 0.001; t= -6.176, knee: p= 0.001; t= 14.824, Hip: p= 0.001; t= 14.231) and sit and rich test soldiers with shin splints compared to the soldiers without shin splints (p=0.001; t= 8.164).
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that shin splints changes the lower limb joint angles and the lower back and hamstring flexibility.
Lower extremity, Shin splints, Flexibility, Parade, Soldier
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5210-en.html
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5210-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
2228-7043
2228-7051
25
4
2018
7
1
Influential Factors on Health Promoting Behaviors and Happiness among Women
11
22
FA
Azar
Tol
PhD, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health
tol.azar@yahoo.com
N
0000-0002-9225-941X
Bahram
mohebbi
MD, Associate Professor, Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center
roodbar@yahoo.com
N
Roya
PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health
sadeghir@tums.ac.ir
Y
0000-0002-4290-0950
Mirsaeed
Yekaninejad
PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health,
yekaninejad@yahoo.com
N
Maryam
Sabouri
MSc student in Health Education, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health
m.saboury1368@gmail.com
N
Background: Health promoting behaviors are one of the main determinants of human being health as a way to achieve better quality of life. This study aimed to determine effective factors on health promoting behaviors and happiness among women referred to health centers of south of Tehran.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study conducted with 461 women referred to health centers of south of Tehran using multi stage and cluster sampling method in 2016. In order to data gathering, a self-administered questionnaire consisted of demographics, health promoting behaviors and Oxford happiness scales were used. Descriptive and inferential tests and multivariate variance analysis (MANOVA) were performed to data analysis. The significant level was set less than 0.05.
Results: The majority of participants 257(55%) was in the aged between 25-40 years old. The mean and SD of all dimensions of health promoting behaviors decreased with increasing age. Out of all demographics, economic status, level of education, family size and marital status had significant relation with happiness. Women with high economic level achieved better health promoting behaviors’ score (49.96±19.14). The less mean and SD of happiness was related to retired women.
Conclusion: Based on study results, age, Economic level, level of education had significant association with health promoting behaviors and happiness. Low level of happiness was related to low value of Health Promoting behaviors domains. It is a necessity to pay more attention to improve health promoting behavior to gain high level of happiness.
Health Promoting behaviors, Happiness, Health care, Women
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5129-en.html
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5129-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
2228-7043
2228-7051
25
4
2018
7
1
MicroRNA biology in fungi
23
36
FA
fatemeh
sadeghi
Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
tootfarangi588@yahoo.com
N
0000-0002-6092-0453
fatemeh
peymaeei
Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
ava_mod@yahoo.com
N
soleyman
khedry
Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
soleimankd23@gmail.com
N
raheleh
roudy
Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
raheleroudi@gmail.com
N
shahla
roudbarmohammadi
Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
shahla_roudbarmohammadi@yahoo.com
N
Maryam
Roudbary
Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
s.ac.ir
Y
0000- 0002-0113-8357
RNA processing is essential factor for synthesis of functional and structural proteins in eukaryote cells. In eukaryote organisms it will be initiated with transcription of DNA in nucleolus and terminated to mRNA translation in cytoplasm, finally mRNA degraded. Protein synthesis followed as different steps, includes 5' capping, poly adenylating, processing and transferring from nucleolus to cytoplasm that all processing control and regulate MicroRNA are small molecules that could be inhibit the translation or degrade the mRNA. Due to the main biological role of RNA in regulation of protein synthesis, it is obvious that fungal pathogenesis is highly related to RNA. Interfrence RNAs (iRNA) are small double strand RNA in fungi that produced by fungal genome or during translation process and play a key role in RNA silencing. Mycovirus is small double strand RNA that led to phenotypic variation in fungi and has a critical role in fungal pathogenesis. The recent studies demonstrated the role of RNA in fungal infection treatment. In this review because of key role of various type of fungal RNA we will discuss our current understanding of the fungal RNA pathways and their functions as well as how RNA can be used as a tool in fungal research especially for immunotherapy of fungal infection.
MicroRNA, Interfrence RNA, RNA Biology, Gene silencing related RNA
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5456-en.html
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5456-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
2228-7043
2228-7051
25
4
2018
7
1
Big five model in explanation of associations between personality and clinical empathy among nurses
37
47
FA
Behzad
Shalchi
Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
shalchi.b@gmail.com
Y
0000-0001-5918-2919
Background: The aim of this study is explanation of associations between personality and clinical empathy on the base of big five model among nurses.
Methods: Statistical population of this research is all of the nurses in public and private hospital of Tabriz city. Selected from that 282 nurses with cluster sampling method. Nurses participated in the present study with answering to Big Five Inventory (BFI-44) and Lamonica Clinical Empathy Scale. Accumulated Data analyses with use of the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and multivariate analysis of regression.
Results: According to the findings, the dimensions of personality have a multivariate effect on the clinical empathy among nurses. As well as Analysis of multivariate regression relevant that 40% of variance of clinical empathy is explained with five dimensions of personality (R2=0.398). Through of five dimensions of personality, four factors is able to predict the clinical empathy and only consciences dimension of personality not predict the clinical empathy in nurses.
Conclusion: As regards to Strong correlations between personality factors and clinical empathy among nurses suggested that personality traits be taken in to consideration in programs designed to enhance empathy in nursing education and employing them.
Big Five Model, Personality, Clinical Empathy, Nurses
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4933-en.html
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4933-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
2228-7043
2228-7051
25
4
2018
7
1
Effect of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) extract on chronic restraint stress-induced memory deficit and anxiety in male rats
48
55
FA
masoumeh
tarasi
Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University
mtarasi.56@gmail.com
N
masoumeh
asle-rousta
Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University
mrousta58@gmail.com
Y
0000-0002-2087-5483
Background: Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic and neuroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spinach hydroalcoholic extract on chronic restraint stress-induced spatial learning and memory deficit and anxiety in adult male rats.
Methods: 60 adult male Wistar rats were allocated to six groups: Control group, Spinach200 and Spinach400 groups (were gavaged with hydroalcoholic extract of spinach at 200, 400 mg/ kg/bw doses), Stress group (restrained in restrainers for 6hours per day for 21 consecutive days), Stress-Spinach200 and Stress-Spinach400 groups (received spinach extract in addition to chronic immobility stress). Spatial learning and memory and anxiety were examined through the Morris water maze (MWM) test and elevated plus maze (EPM) respectively.
Results: Chronic immobilization stress caused spatial learning and memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior. Escape latency and distance moved to reach the hidden platform had dramatic decrease in Stress-Spinach groups compare with Stress group (p<0.01 and p<0.05 respectively). Consuming both doses of spinach extract caused significant increase in spent time and swam distance in target quadrant by Stress-Spinach groups comparing with stress group (P<0.01 and P<0.05). Taking both doses of the extract led to significant increase in percentages of open arm entry and time spent in open arm in EPM test compared with Stress Group (P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively).
Conclusion: It has been concluded that due to rich antioxidant amount in spinach ethanol extract, it can improve spatial learning and memory and reduce anxiety in restraint stress exposed rats.
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), Spatial memory, Anxiety, restraint stress, rat.
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4943-en.html
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4943-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
2228-7043
2228-7051
25
4
2018
7
1
Evaluation of lipid profile and oxidized LDL levels among different paraoxonase phenotypes in exudative age-related macular degeneration
56
65
FA
Amir
Ghorbani haghjo
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
ghorbani@tbzmed.ac.ir
N
Alireza
Javadzadeh
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Javadzadehalireza@yahoo.com
N
Elham
Bahreini
Iran University of Medical Sciences
elhambahreini@yahoo.com
Y
Mohammad
Borji
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
mohammadborji32@yahoo.com
N
Zahra
Hesari
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Hesari7@yahoo.com
N
Background: Disequilibrium between oxidative stress and antioxidant levels has been proposed as an important case of exudative age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). The aim of the present study was to investigate lipid profile and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OX-LDL) levels within paraoxonase 1 (PON1) phenotypes together in the patients with exudative ARMD.
Methods: Of 90 patients, 45 exudative ARMD patients and 45 healthy controls were selected by an ophthalmologist. PON1 activity was measured in serum using paraoxon and phenylacetate as substrates. The PON1 phenotype was determined using double-substrate method. Cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL were assayed by colorimetric method. OX-LDL levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.
Results: Three phenotypes were determined: AA (low activity), AB (intermediate activity) and BB (high activity). The distribution of PON1 phenotypes was significantly different between the patients with exudative ARMD and control subjects (chi-square = 6.17, P= 0.01). The mean OX-LDL levels in all three phenotypes (P< 0.05), and OX-LDL/HDL ratio in AA and AB phenotypes (P= 0.001, P= 0.1, respectively) were significantly higher in the patients than controls. No significant differences were detected in OX-LDL levels among three PON1 phenotypes in both control (P= 0.7 for OX-LDL) and patients (P= 0.6 for OX-LDL).
Conclusion: Increased plasma OX-LDL levels and ratios of OX-LDL/ HDL, as biomarkers of lipoprotein oxidative stress and more common low or intermediate PON1 activity in patients with exudative ARMD, indicate that PON1 activity is insufficient to explain the increased oxidative stress observed in exudative ARMD.
Lipid profile, Oxidized LDL, Paraoxonase, Phenotype, Exudative Age-related macular degeneration
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5218-en.html
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5218-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
2228-7043
2228-7051
25
4
2018
7
1
The effect of calciteriol supplementation on metabolic indices and blood pressure, in patients with type 2 diabetes: A double blind randomized clinical trial
66
77
FA
Peivasteh
Safarpour
Iran University Of Medical Sciences
peivastehsafarpour@yahoo.com
Y
fereshteh
Mohammadi
Guilan University Of Medical Sciences
Dr_f.mohamadi@yahoo.com
N
Background: According to previous studies, vitamin D has an inverse relation with some of the lipid and glucose profiles, and its deficiency is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D (calcitriol) on the blood glucose, lipid and hypertension profile in type 2 diabetic patients.
Methods: In this Double blinded randomized clinical trial, 90 patients with type 2 diabetes and serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D levels of less than 30 ng/ml recruited from “Besat Diabetes Clinic” in Rasht, Guilan, North of Iran. The subjects took 50000 IU vitamin D supplements or placebo for 8 weeks. The primary outcomes of this study were 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels, serum hemoglobin glycosylated and HDL cholesterol, and secondary outcomes of this study, fasting blood glucose and insulin, resistance and insulin sensitivity, other components of lipid and blood pressure, which were studied before and after intervention and between the two groups were compared.
Results: Vitamin D supplementation significantly increased serum calcitriol and HDL cholesterol levels, as well as a significant decrease of 1% in serum hemoglobin glycosylated (p<0.001) but Other variables including resistance and insulin sensitivity, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups change was not significant (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, weekly supplementation with 50,000 units of vitamin D for 8 weeks, while compensating for the deficiency of serum levels of this vitamin, reduced glycosylated hemoglobin and increased HDL cholesterol in type 2 diabetic patients, but had no effect on serum fasting glucose and insulin, insulin resistance and sensitivity and hypertension in these patients.
Vitamin D, Glycosylated hemoglobin, Insulin resistance, Hypertension, Type2 Diabetes
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5092-en.html
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5092-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
2228-7043
2228-7051
25
4
2018
7
1
PEGylation of Human growth hormone with Methoxy PEG Succinimidyl Carbonate and study of its half-life and stability
78
88
FA
Reza
Ghaffari
reza.gh.biology@gmail.com
N
mohammad Ali
Nasiri Khalili
manasiri@alumni.ut.ac.ir
Y
Sirus
Khodadadi
sirus.khodadadi@gmail.com
N
Gholamhossein
Riazi
ghriazi@ut.ac.ir
N
Background: Human growth hormone (hGH) use is increasing due to its important biological functions and therapeutic applications, the use of growth hormone for the treatment of obesity, short stature, burns and the importance of this hormone for athletes. Nowadays, the short half-life of hGH is a major challenge associated with the usage of this drug in the world. PEGylation is an effective approach to increase half-life and stability of biopharmaceutical proteins. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) due to high aqueous solubility is considered as a versatile candidate for pharmaceutical protein conjugation. Accordingly, in this study the PEGylation of human growth hormone and its plasma half-life and stability were carried out.
Methods: hGH was PEGylated by using Methoxy PEG Succinimidyl Carbonate (mPEG-SC) at 8 °C for overnight. In this study, SDS-PAGE, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and ELISA techniques were used to prove PEGylation reaction.
Results: The SDS-PAGE results showed high yield PEGylation of hGH under aqueous conditions. The zeta-potential, as an indicator of the Surface charge of PEGylated hGH, was analyzed by DLS technique. The ELISA results shown the increase half-life of pegylated hGH to 12 times.
Conclusion: In the present study, we demonstrated that the PEGylation of lysine and/or histidine residues significantly increased the half-life of the human growth hormone.
Human growth hormone, PEGylation, Plasma half-life, Stability, Polyethylene glycol
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5170-en.html
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5170-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
2228-7043
2228-7051
25
4
2018
7
1
Investigation Antimicrobial and Synergistic effects of Cu- Al doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Bacillus cereus
89
97
FA
Zohreh
Didar
Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur Branch, Neyshabur, Iran
z_didar57@yahoo.com
Y
0000-0001-6268-6376
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of copper and aluminum-zinc oxide nanoparticles and their synergistic effects with conventional biocides against Bacillus cereus.
Methods: Synthesis of copper-zinc oxide, aluminum-zinc oxide nanoparticles performed via co- precipitation method and nanoparticle properties were investigated using FTIR, XRD and TEM. The antimicrobial effects of nanoparticles were determined by determination of the inhibition zone diameter and the synergistic effects of nanoparticles with other conventional biocides determined by the inhibitory concentration fraction index.
Results: The diameter of the inhibition zone for zinc oxide nanoparticles, copper doped zinc oxide and aluminum doped zinc oxide were 16.5, 26 and 20 mm, respectively. Investigation of synergist effects with two common antimicrobial agents, including hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite, have shown that the doped nanoparticles have synergistic effects with these antimicrobial compounds.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the doping of copper and aluminum elements in the zinc oxide structure improves its antimicrobial effects. Also, conventional antimicrobial compounds (hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite) have synergistic effects with synthetic copper nanoparticles and aluminum oxide zinc.
Doped nanoparticles, Zinc oxide, synergistic, Bacillus cereus
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5191-en.html
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5191-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
2228-7043
2228-7051
25
4
2018
7
1
Effects of 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and 5 months detraining on cardiovascular biomarkers in inactive postmenopausal women
98
109
FA
Bakhtyar
Tartibian
Allameh Tabataba'i University
ba.tartibian@gmail.com
Y
Abbas
Malandish
Urmia University
malandish@gmail.com
N
Roghayeh
AfsarGarebag
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
r.afsargarebag@gmail.com
N
Zeinab
Sheikhlou
Urmia University
Z.sheikhlou@gmail.com
N
Background: Recently, the topic of exercises-induced adaptations on cardiovascular indexes, as well as the long-term sustainability of positive adaptations resulting from it in the period of detraining, it’s interesting for sports physiologists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and 5 months detraining on cardiovascular biomarkers in inactive postmenopausal women.
Methods: in this semi-experimental study, 24 sedentary post-menopausal women with having an average age of 53 yr and MBI 29 kg/m2 voluntarily and bona fide participated, and then were randomly assigned to Exercise (E, n=12) and Control (C, n=12) groups. The E group performed walking and jogging moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training (W-WJMIAEP-R) (50-60min/d, 3d/wk at 65%-70% of maximal heart rate of training for 12 weeks, and then maintained for 5 months detraining. C group maintained their normal daily physical activity level for 8 months. To measure serum levels of the E and C groups were taken blood samples at the baseline, after 12 weeks exercise intervention, and after 5 months detraining. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential (MANOVA test) statistics using SPSS-23 software, and the significance level was set at p≤0.05.
Results: The between-groups results showed that only serum PTH levels increased significantly after 12 weeks exercise intervention (p≤0.05), whereas serum levels of Ca+2, P, and Vit D after 12 weeks exercise intervention and after 5 months detraining were no significant difference in E group compared to the C group (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The results suggested that 12 weeks walking and jogging aerobic exercise of 65-70% maximal heart rate of training increased significantly serum PTH levels (probably with its direct effects on cardiovascular system), as some of the exercise induced-positive adaptations such as increased serum Vit D levels were maintained even after a 5 months detraining period among inactive postmenopausal women.
Cardiac markers, Aerobic exercise, detraining, Menopause.
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5069-en.html
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5069-en.pdf