@article{ author = {Jalaei, B}, title = {ACOUSTIC NEURONOMA DETECTED BY AUDITORY BRAINSTEM RESPONSE TEST:}, abstract ={  “Acoustic Neuronoma” is a benign neoplasm situated in a critical place, so that one can say its behaviour looks like malignant tissues. Three frequent clinical symptoms are associated with tumor with different sensitivity and priority, including vertigo and imbalance, tinnitus and hearing loss. Presence of one or all of these symptoms does not make the definite diagnosis and differntial diagnosis possible with clinical and audiologic examinations, rather one should use more sophisticated methods for judgement about the origins of symptoms.   In this article a case of 8th cranial nerve lesion is reported that was detected by ABR and MRI confirmed the diagnosis of acoustic tumor. Also, two cases of cochlear hearing loss with clinical and audiological similarity and different ABRs with the persented case will be described.   The comparison will show the role of ABR as a low cost and high sensitivity test in differential diagnosis of 8th cranial never, conchlear and other peripheral lesions.}, Keywords = {1) Acoustic neuronoma 2) Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) 3) Differntial diagnosis }, volume = {8}, Number = {23}, pages = {5-12}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-321-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-321-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Khosravi, N. and Samaee, H. and MojdeheeAzar, K.}, title = {SERUM ALBUMIN LEVEL IN FULL TERM NEONATES IN SHAHID AKBAR ABADI HOSPITAL}, abstract ={  Jaundice is one of the most complications in the Neonatal period. It is observed during the first week of life in approximately 60% of term infants and 80% of preterm infants. Kernicterus is the serious complication of the jaundice in infants, that is constitute of extrapyramidal disturbances, auditory abnormalities and gaze palsies. Serum albumin for bounding to bilirubin is important.   Standard serum albumin is 3-3.5 gr/dl. At molar ratio of one, each gram of human albumin binds 8.5mg of bilirubin. Thus standard exchange transfusion in healthy term infants with jaundice is indicated when the bilirubin is 25-30 mg/dl. In this study the mean serum albumin in 400 healthy term infants was 4.006gr/dl in the first three days of life, that was higher than the standard serum albumin.   On the basis of this study, exchange transfusion in healthy term infants with jaundice and without hemolytic disease or sepsis is indicated when the bilirubin is 33 mg/dl.}, Keywords = {1) Serum albumin 2) Jaundice 3) Exchange Transfusion}, volume = {8}, Number = {23}, pages = {15-17}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-322-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-322-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Rassouli, A. and Milanian, I. and MoslemiZadeh, M.}, title = {DETERMINATION OF SERUM 25-HYDROXY VITAMIN D3 LEVELS IN EARLY POSTMENOPAUSAL IRANIAN WOMEN: RELATIONS TO BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND URINE HYDROXYPROLINE}, abstract ={ Vitamin D plays an important role in calcium and phosphorus metabolism as well as bone and teeth growth and maintenance. In the present study, the vitamin D status in postmenopausal Iranian women and its relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) and urine hydroxyproline (OHPr) were determined. The serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3), BMD and OHPr assessed in 85 selected, early postmenopausal women (49-67 yr) referred to the Bone Densitometry Center, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Tehran. The relations among them were also evaluated. Both 25-OHD3 and OHPr levels were measured for the first time in Iran using HPLC ( High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and spectrophotometric methods, respectively. BMD measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in lumbar spine and proximal femur regions.  25-OHD3 levels ranged between 3.8-64.0 ng/ml (mean ± SD, 17.3 ± 11.4ng/ml). Thirty-two subjects (38%) were vitamin D deficient (<12ng/ml). In lumbar spine (L2-L4) BMD measurments, 34% were normal, 39% were osteopenic and 27% were osteoporotic. In femur (total) BMD measurments, 50.6% were normal, 47% were osteopenic and 2.3% were osteoporotic. Urine OHPr/creatinine ratio used as an index for OHPr and ranged between 3.5-51.0 μ mol/mmol (14.8 ± 8.8 μ mol/mmol).   There was a significant correlation between 25-OHD3 and spine BMD (r = 0.21, p<0.05), but regarding femur BMD, the correlation was not significant. OHPr had neither a significant correlation with 25-OHD3 nor with spine and femur BMD.   We concluded that vitamin D deficiency was evident in early postmenopausal Iranian women and serum 25-OHD3 levels correlated with the spine bone density.}, Keywords = {1) Vitamin D 2) Bone Mineral Density(BMD) 3) Postmenopausal 4) Osteoporosis 5) Hydroxyproline }, volume = {8}, Number = {23}, pages = {18-23}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-311-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-311-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Sardarizadeh, H. and Haghdoost, A.A. and Kabir, A.}, title = {DESQUAMATIVE INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA IN A TWELVE DAY-OLD NEONATE IN COINCIDENCE WITH STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS SEPTICEMIA: A CASE REPORT}, abstract ={  A normal twelve day old newborn with normal gestational period was admitted because of respiratory problems, agitation and vomiting. The patient was diagnosed to have septicemic and was kept under antibiotic therapy. In blood culture, and also culture of umblical cord and various secretions,staph-ylococcus epidermidis was isolated. Despite the therapeutic management, the condition of the neonate aggravated, and expired after 14 days hospitalization due to respiratory failure. Following autopsy and taking a sample from the lung, the pathologic diagnosis was desquamative interstitial pneumonia. This type of pneumonia is relatively rare in childhood and in neonatal period. Only a few cases suspicious for DIP have been reported in literature.   Schroeder has reported 5 cases of interstitial pneumonia which resembled none of the classifications made before. As the definite diagnosis is based on the open biopsy, it is possible that the reported rarity of the diseases may be due to failure of its diagnosis. So it is suggested that as soon as the suspicious signs are seen in the neonates, more attention should be paid to proper management.}, Keywords = {1) Desquamative interstitial pneumonia 2) Septicemia with staphylococcus epidermidis}, volume = {8}, Number = {23}, pages = {25-28}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-313-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-313-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Shokri, F. and Mosayyebi, GH. and Raffei, M.}, title = {COMPARISON OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP) LEVEL AND RHEUMATOID FACTOR ISOTYPES IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS}, abstract ={  Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease. Production of Rheumatoid Factor(RF) is a characteristic feature of the majority RA patients. Previous studies showed there are differences between seropositive-RA(SP-RA) and seronegative-RA(SN-RA), regarding clinical manifestations.   In this study the level of CRP was measured in serum and synovial fluid of 45 RA patients by latex agglutination test. The concentration of IgM RF and IgA RF was also quantitated by ELISA. The patients were divided in two groups (SP-RA, n=35 and SN-RA, n=10) based on the Latex agglutination test.   The results show that the level of CRP in SP-RA was significantly higher than that of SN-RA (p<0.0001). This correlation was more evident for the IgA RF (r=0.59, p<0.0001) as compared to the levels IgM RF (r=0.47, p<0.004).   These results indicated that there is correlation between CRP and RF levels. However IgA RF may be considered as a marker for disease severity.}, Keywords = {1) Rheumatoid Arthritis 2) Rheumatoid Factor 3) C-Reactivev Protein}, volume = {8}, Number = {23}, pages = {30-34}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-315-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-315-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Shirani, F. and Zarei, A.}, title = {A STUDY OF INFECTIOUS ARTHRITIS IN HAZRAT RASUL-E AKRAM HOSPITAL(1991-1998)}, abstract ={ Infectious arthritis is one of the most common causes of joint destruction. Our case study was taken from 140 patients of which 60 cases were selected, all of them were diagnosed with infectious arthritis by use of synovial fluid cultures. The male to female ratio was 3/2 (40% female, 6%male). Patients ages varied from 18 day infant to 78 years of age.  In 12% of patients, more than one joint was affected, 67.7% the knee joint, 22% hip joint, 10% concomitant osteomyelitis and in 5% underlying disease. The most frequently found microorganism was staphylococcus aureus (72%), and the most frequent underlying joint disease was rheumatoid arthritis. It has been determined that the knee joint is the most frequent joint involved in most cases of infectious arthritis.   We recommend empirical therapy against staphylococcus aureus in patients with infectious arthritis.}, Keywords = {1) Infectious Arthritis 2) Staphylococcus aureus}, volume = {8}, Number = {23}, pages = {36-40}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-314-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-314-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Safaeian, R. and Shaeghi, SH.}, title = {POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF PEDIATRIC OUTPATIENTS}, abstract ={  For evaluating the safety of pediatric anesthesia in an outpatient setting, 100 cases were selected by covenient sampling method in Mofid children hospital. Informations about postoperative complications (during 24h) were gathered by telephone interview.   Most of patients were in the 1-4years age group(55%), 4-8years, 1 month to 1 year, above 8years and below 1 month. were situated respectively. Four surgical procedures of inguinal hernia, hydrocele, circumcision and ectopy of testis consist 73% of all the surgeries. Ninety eight Percent of the surgeries were performed under general anesthesia. In these patients, 25% received narcotics, and in 42% regional block were combined with general anesthesia. Fifteen Percent of the patients were intubated. Complications that occurred at home were pain and restlessness (29%, most common), Nausea and vomiting (17%), sleep disturbances (11%), fever (7%), Anorexia (6%), Urinary retension (5.3%), hoarsness 4% and cough 3%.}, Keywords = { 1) Outpatients 3) Regional anesthesia 3) Inhalational anesthesia }, volume = {8}, Number = {23}, pages = {42-47}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-312-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-312-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Ghafoori, M.}, title = {A CASE REPORT OF SMALL BOWEL LYMPHANGIOMA}, abstract ={  Lymphangiomas are rare benign tumors which involve the small bowel and produce multiple intraluminal and intramural filling defects. The patient is a 38 year old female which presented with abdominal discomfort and loss of apetite for 18 months, in small bowel transiet exam mutiple small sharply demarcated intraluminal and intramural filling defects observed. After surgical resection of the involved bowel and pathologic exam, lymphangioma was diagnosed. It is impossible to differentiate these lesions from many of the other causes of filling defects by radiological examinations alone.}, Keywords = {1) Small bowel lymphangioma 2) Small bowel transiet}, volume = {8}, Number = {23}, pages = {49-51}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-319-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-319-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Firoozrai, and SedaghatKaboli, and Haghighi,}, title = {DETERMINATION OF FREQUENCY OF GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (G6PD) DEFICIENCY IN NEWBORNS WITH HYPERBILLIRUBINEMIA}, abstract ={  Jaundice as a clinical symptom of hyperbillirubinemia will appear generally when the billirubin level is more than 7mg/dl. This temporary elevation of billirubin is caused by hemolysis of erythrocytes. Among several causes of pathologic hyperbillirubinemia in newborns X-linked G6PD deficiency may be the most important. Iran in one of the high risk countries. Due to the risk of death and severe neurological damage, prompt determination of G6PD deficiency in newborns suffering from jaundice is of importance. Therfore we investigated the deficiency of the enzyme in newborns.   The population under study comprised 1500 newborns afflicted with hyperbillirubinemia who were born in the teaching hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health. Services The G6PD test was done with blood containing EDTA by using two methods o fluoroscent “spot test” and reduction of NADP to NADPH with dichlorophenol. Of 1500 newborns afflicted with hyperbillirubinemia, 240 newborns had G6PD deficiency and of the 240 newborns, 200 were boys and 40 were girls. This indicated that in the population under study, 16% of them suffering from G6PD deficiency, and deficiency of the enzyme in boys was more frequent than in girls (P<0.001). G6PD deficiency was more frequent in the newborns whose parents had familial marriage (P = 0.001).   Total billirubin level in 43.4% of patients was 15 ± 1.04 mg/dl, direct billirubin level in 36% of patients was 1.25 ± 0.25 mg/dl and hemoglubin level in 36.4% of them was 17 ± 1.09 g/dl. Onset of hyperbillirubinemia in G6PD deficient newborns was mostly at first day after birth (68.8%). We propose the screening of G6PD deficiency in newborns is important.}, Keywords = {1) Hyperbillirubinemia 2) Pathologic jaundice 3) G6PD deficiency}, volume = {8}, Number = {23}, pages = {52-55}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-317-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-317-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Ghasemi, SH. and Gheisary, F. and Eshaghian, A. and Chehrei, A.}, title = {DETECTION OF EFFECTIVE ETIOLOGIES ON RESPONSE TO NONSURGICAL TREATMENT OF LUNG ABSCESS: A CASE CONTROL STUDY}, abstract ={  Lung abscess is a purulent and necrotizing infection of lung tissue which leads to cavitation(s). Despite appropriate treatment, it has yet a high mortality rate (20%). Impaired consciousness, oral cavity infections, diabete, cerebro-vascular accidents and alcoholism are some predisposing factors. This research identified different factors affecting on medical treatment response and designed a regression model to predict the outcome.   This retrospective study reviewed patients with lung abscess, admitted in Iran Medical College Hospitals, during 1991-2000. Out of 91 patients, 60 were cured by medical treatment but the others failed to response to it. We have compared risk factors in these two groups.   The average age was 47.9 years and male to female ratio was 2.7. There was significant statistical relation between failure in medical therapy and diabete (OR: 0.27, p: 0.04), empyema (OR: 7.25, P: 0.0001), pleural effusion (OR: 4.25, P: 0.002), fever (OR: 0.43, P: 0.05) and antibiotic change (OR: 5. 96, P: 0.0001). The best therapeutic regimen was penicillin G ( 100% recovery) and penicillin G accompanied with metronidazol or clindamycin (79% recovery).   Mortality and complication are related to antimicrobial regimen and hospital nursing. Patients with empyema, pleural effusion or antibiotic change have a poor prognosis whereas diabete or fever at admittance means a better prognosis.   Since lung abscess also contains anaerobes, the recommended regimen is penicillin G with metronidazol or clindamycin.}, Keywords = { 1) Medical treatment 2) Lung abscess 3) Risk factors}, volume = {8}, Number = {23}, pages = {57-61}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-320-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-320-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Mashayekhi, M. and Azimi, R. and Sadeghian, B.}, title = {STUDY OF PREDISPOSING FACTORS, COMPLICATIONS AND MORTALITY OF DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS IN TEENS AND ADULTS}, abstract ={  The goal of this study was detection of common predisposing factors for diabetic ketoacidosis, which can be a guide for prevention. Also to know, complications and rate of mortality which can be a guide to know difficulties in treatment. This study was descriptive and sampling was in convennience method. About 50 patients were studied in Firooz Abadi Hospital during 1993-1998. Analysis of informations was with Chi-Square (X2-test) method. Common etiology was related to using drugs 52%, infection 26%, unknown 12% and unawarness of disease 10%. Complication were hyperkalemia 24%, hyperkalemia11%, resistance to insulin 4%, cardiac complications 20%, GI bleeding 8%, hypoglycemia 8%, renal failure 6%, adult respiratory distress syndrom (ARDS) 2% and disseminated intravascular coagulations (DIC) 6%.   Other complications were rare. Mortality was 18% and was significant in older age (P = 0.01), in septicemia and pneumonia as the etiologies of the condition (P = 0.002, P = 0.003 respectively) and in some types of complications (like cardiac complications, DIC, ARDS, renal failure) and also in multiple complications. Therefore most common predisposing factor for diabetic ketoacidosis is incorrect use of drug, specialy discontinuing insulin. Most common complications is hypokalemia and hyperkalemia and cardiac complications. In some complications like cardiac, DIC, ARDS and renal failure, mortality were significant.}, Keywords = {1) Diabetic ketoacidosis 2) Complications of diabetic ketoacidosis 3) Mortality of diabetic ketoacidosis 4) Etiology of diabetic ketoacidosis }, volume = {8}, Number = {23}, pages = {63-69}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-325-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-325-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Malekpour, S. and Behtash, H.}, title = {INTRAMEDULLARY NAILING WITH REAMING TO TREAT NON-:union: OF TIBIA}, abstract ={ Non-:::union::: is a complication in the management of patients who have a fracture of the tibia. The records of twenty patients who were treated by intramedullary nailing with reaming for non :::union::: of the tibia were reviewed.   The fractures had been treated initially by closed reduction and immobilization in a cast, external fixation, fixation by pins in a plaster cast and dynamic compression plating. After the initial treatment had failed, intramedullary nailing with reaming was done to gain :::union:::. By usinse the standard operation table, the knee was flexed 90 to 100 degrees. Make an incision Middle to the patellar tendon using the awl opening the medullary canal proximal to the tibial tuberosity, the site of the non :::union::: was opened. Bone graft used in all patients and a fibular osteotomy was done. :::union::: occurred in the average time of 7.9 months.   The average time from the diagnosis of non :::union::: was 10.1 months in %95 of cases.Tibial :::union::: occurred in all cases. Complication included fracture of the Nail in one case, which necessitated an additional casting and :::union::: occurred finally.}, Keywords = { 1) Tibial fracture 2) Non :union: 3) Ream 4) Nail}, volume = {8}, Number = {23}, pages = {71-74}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-323-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-323-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Nematbakhsh, M. and Rajabi, P. and Samarian, S.H. and Sabahi, A.R. and Shirdavani, S. and Moradi, E.}, title = {THE EFFECT OF LEAD ON ENDOTHELIAL PERMEABILITY OF AORTA}, abstract ={ The side effects of toxic trace elements such as lead in the exposed subjects have been investigated in past years. Lead disturbs microvascular system, and changes the plasma level of lipids and lipoproteins. In this research the role of lead in plasma lipids and endothelial permeability of aorta were studied.   Two groups of white male rabbits were under investigation for forty days. Group I were used lead water drinking contained 54.7 ppm lead during the experiment. The other group had drinking water with no lead. The plasma lipids, lipoproteins, lead, iron, total iron bounding capacity, and calcium were measured before and after the experiments. Both groups also were subjected to determination of endothelial permeability of aorta, direct blood pressure, and other pathological findings.   The results indicated no weight gain in group I animals, while other group animals weight were increased significantly during the experiment (P<0.05). No hypertension was resulted in lead receiving animals, but a decrease of endothelial permeability of aorta was seen in group I.   Partial decreasing of endothelial permeability in aorta in lead drinking group may confirm the different effect of lead in peripheral vascular system from blood brain barrier.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {23}, pages = {76-82}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-324-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-324-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {NikEghbali, A. and MirSamadi, M.M. and ModarresZadeh, S.M. and Hashemi, M}, title = {RISK FACTORS FOR RETINAL DETACHMENT AFTER PROPHYLACTIC LASER TREATMENT OF RETINAL LESIONS}, abstract ={ Prevention of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) in susceptable eyes is necessary. In order to evaluate the role of signs and symptoms of the treated eyes in preventing RD, this study performed in prophylactically laser treated (PLT) eyes in Rasul-e Akram Hospital from 1991 to 1999.  This is an exisiting data study from the records of the patients who underwent PLT around the retinal lesion and had at least 1 year follow up. Collected data were age, sex, refractive error, kind of retinal lesion patients symptoms, previous history of trauma or surgery on the eye, aphakia, noticed decreased visual acuity (VA), floaters and flashing, trauma to the eye. According to VA, the eyes divided in 3 groups of less than 1/10, 1/10-6/10 and more than 6/10. According to the refractive errors they are divided in 3 groups of non-myopic, myopia of less than 5.75 diopters and more than 6, and according to the type of retinal lesions that were treated divided in horse shoe tear (HST), Hole, lattice and dialysis. Collected data were classified and analysed by X2 test to evaluated the role of each factor for chance of post treatment RD.   One hundred and twenty-one eyes from 114 patients that had 13 to 92 months (mean 23 months) follow up were considered for this study. Age distribution was 19-74 years(mean 50 years). From 121 treated eye 13.2%(16) developed RD. The rate of RD was 7.3%(2/41) in eyes with history of RD in the other eye, 20.7%(6/24) eyes with decreased VA due to vitreous hemorrhage, 15%(3/20) in aphakics, 11.8%(2/17) in eyes with floaters, 28.5%(2/7) with flashing, 14.2%(2/7) with history of trauma to the eye, with a significant statistical relation between these symptoms and chance of RD (X2, P = 0.002). Rate of RD was 21.6%(8/37), 9.6%(3/31), 6%(2/33) in eyes with VA of less than 1/10, 1/10-6/10 and more than 6/10 respectively, with no significant statistical differences. RD chance was 17%(9/52) in eyes with more than 6 diopter myopia, 11.4%(4/35) of myopia less than 5.75 diopters, and no RD in non myopic eyes, 16.2%(7/43) for HST, 7.4%(2/27) for retinal hole, 12%(3/25) of lattice and 16.6%(1/6) eyes with dialysis, but no significant statistical differences was observed.   Although PLT could prevent RD in susceptable eyes but its prophylactic effect is not 100%. Chance of RD is higher in eyes with photopsia, history of trauma, HST, high myopia and VA of lees than 1/10. Further clinical trial to prevent RD in recomended.}, Keywords = { 1) Retinal Detachment 2) Prophylatic Laser Therapy}, volume = {8}, Number = {23}, pages = {84-90}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-318-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-318-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Vakili, M. and Yavarian, M.}, title = {EFFECT OF HYDROXYUREA ON FETAL HEMOGLOBIN PRODUCTION AND FREQUENCY OF PAINFUL CRISES IN SICKLE CELL ANEMIA}, abstract ={  Hydroxyurea (HU) enhances the production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and on the other hand this event can decreases the frequency of painful crises in sickle cell anemia (SCA). We studied the efficiency of HU in reducing painful crises and it’s effect on HbF production rate and on other hematologic values in 40 SCA patients. Median age of patients was 20 years. Eighteen were male and 22 were female.   Duration of study was 2 years. In the first year, patients were under observation without HU but were on folic acid 1mg/d and necessary data collected, then HU started at a dosage of 20-25 mg/kg/day in adition to folic acid and continued for one year.   Among treated patients with HU,HbF level increased significantly in 70% of patients (mean 4% vs 10.8%, p<0.001). Changes in the hemoglobin level and platelers numbers were not significant as HbF but leukocytes and reticulocytes number decreased significantly. Patients treated with HU had lower annual rates of painful crises in comparison to first year of study without HU therapy (mean 3 vs 5.7 crises per year, p<0.001) and crises interval increased significantly(p<0.001).   Treatment with above doses of HU had not any important adverse effect. We concluded that treatment with HU can increase HbF production rate and subsequently improves the clinical course of SCA.}, Keywords = {1) Sickle cell anemia 2) Hydroxyurea 3) Fetal hemoglobin }, volume = {8}, Number = {23}, pages = {92-97}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-316-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-316-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Amini, A. and Fekrat, M. and Voshmgir, M.}, title = {HYDROPS FETALIS: REPORT OF THE TWO-LIVING NEONATES}, abstract ={ In hydrops fetalis, the affected fetus may show considerable subcutaneous edema, usually associated with ascites and pleural effusion. Severe hemolysis, marked erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow and large area of extramedullary hematopoesis, particularly in the spleen and liver which may cause hepatic dysfunction, are the symptoms of hydrops fetalis.  Hydrops fetalis is divided to Immune and Non-immune. Immune hydrops fetalis is caused by Rh-system incompatibility and Non-immune is caused by chromosomal abnormality, cardiovascular malformation, skeletal malformation and etc.   Ultrasonic evaluation may provide a diagnosis and mother’s evaluation is controlled by indirect coomb’s and if indirect coombs titer is positive and goes up the fetus must be evaluated by amniocentesis or cordocentesis. If the situation of fetus is hazardous, intrauterine transfusion and termination of pregnancy must be considered.   In this report we have two living neonates which had been non-Immune hydrops fetalis and treated by some medical treatment and are now living a normal life.}, Keywords = {Hydrops Fetalis 2) Amniocentesis 3) Indirect coombo\'s test}, volume = {8}, Number = {24}, pages = {121-126}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-331-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-331-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Ansarin, H. and Ghaffarpoor, GH. and Falahati, M.}, title = {A SURVEY OF FREQUENCY AND ETIOLOGY OF MYCOSES OF THE HEAD AND BODY AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN VARAMIN (SOUTH TEHRAN).}, abstract ={ Superficial mycoses is an endemic diease in Iran specially rural area and area of poor hygiene, where the children are dealing with domestic animals. Scalp mycoses is almost always seen in school age children and younger.  So study of fungal investigation in Iran is important from point of view of public health and preventive medicine. Varamin, an agricultural city near Tehran was selected for study. Five boy and five girl primary schools have been chosen randomly in that area. The office of education and statistics authorities of the area have cooperated in this study. 1099 boys (53.51%) and 956 girls (46.5%), a total of 2050 students aging 7-14 year were investigated.   Sampling was taken from suspicious as well as normal appearing children for mycological study. Special questioner was made for all children containing required informations in relation to special items except the skin diseases.   Two cases of periungal candidiasis, 2 cases of tinea versicolor (2 girls, 0.1%) and 1 case of tinea capitis (a seven year old girl, 0.05%) affected by trichophyton violaceum were found. No significant difference was noted with similar studies in other areas of the country. }, Keywords = {1) Mycoses 2) Tinea capitis 3) Tinea versicolor}, volume = {8}, Number = {24}, pages = {128-133}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-332-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-332-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {BabakiFard, F. and Zarrabee, V. and MajleseeKoopaie, M.}, title = {EVALUATION OF HYSTEROSONOGRAPHY IN DETERMINING THE CAUSES OF PERIMENOPAUSAL ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING}, abstract ={ The number of women who need medical attention for perimenopausal bleeding has been increased because of the factors such as hormonal therapy after menopause. Determining the cause is essential in planning appropriate therapy. Although endometrial biopsy is still the preferred method as the first diagnostic test, hysterosonogeraphy (HSG) is a sensetive diagnostic method.  37 perimenopausal women were enrolled in a prospective study. Patients were at the range of 36-65 years old and were asked about the use of oral contraceptive, tamoxifen and the history of hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia. All the patients with endometrial atrophy were excluded from the study. In HSG evaluation endometrial thickness in separate walls, echogenicity smoothness and irregularity were assessed and diagnosis were made based on sonographic data. Results of HSG were compared to data issued from pathologic results obtained from surgery.   HSG was achieved in 37 patients. In all patients the procedures were well tolerated by patients with no complication during or after the examination.   HSG had a high sensetivity and specificity in the discrimination of normal cavity from the ones with intrauterine lesion (sensitivity=95%, specificity=94%, positive predictive value=95%, negative predictive value=94%, accuracy=95%) HSG appears as a reliable method for the investigation of abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women. It can distinguish women who just need a medical therapy from the ones who require a surigical exploration.}, Keywords = {1) Hysterosonography 2) Abnormal uterine bleeding 3) Uterine pathology}, volume = {8}, Number = {24}, pages = {136-140}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-334-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-334-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Torkaan, F. and Raayegani, S.M. and Bahrami, M.H.}, title = {CERVICAL ROOT LESION AND PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY IN IRANIAN WRESTLERS}, abstract ={ Wresting is one of the most involve sports in sport injuries. Because of Increasing number of wrestlers in Iran as the native sports, and lack of a precise study about the cervical root lesion and associated peripheral nerve lesion, we decided to study prevalence, type, involved root of probable cervical radiculopathy and also associated predisposing factor in 40 wrestlers, age range of 36-63 year and minimum 10 years of wrestling in Tehran.  These groups were examined clinically, then by electrodiagnostic study and finally were referred for MRI study of cervical spins. Following results were obtained by electrodiagnostic studies in 40 persons and MRI in 21 persons. About 45% of patients studied by electrodiagnosis had cervical Radiculopathy. All of patients studied by MRI were reported by radiologist to have one type of cervical spine involvement as follows: degenerative changes: 61%, disc protrusion: 28%, cervical canal stenosis: 19%, and disc extrusion: 9%.   The most common involved root in electrodiagnostic study was bilatrally C6 root lesion. The most common involved level in MRI was C5-C6 disc disease. There was no statistically significant correlation between root lesion and previous nerve Injury, age and years of wrestling.   Based on this concept that electrodiagnostic is the most specefic test, MRI was calcuated to have 41.6% specifity and 100% sensitivity in evaluation of cervical root lesion. Twenty seven percent of cases had associated peripheral nerve lesion of upper limb, among these bilatrally capral tunnel “15%” , tardy ulnar palsy “12.5%” were most prominent. There was high statistical correlation between ulnar nerve lesion and previous elbow injury. Fifty four percent of patients had concomittant peripheral nerve injury and cervical root lesion “Double crush syndrome”.}, Keywords = {1) Cervical root Injury 2) Pheripheral never Injury 3) Wrestlins}, volume = {8}, Number = {24}, pages = {142-145}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-329-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-329-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {HassanpoorAvanjy, S.H.}, title = {PSUEDO TUMOR CEREBRI: A TEN YEAR SURVEY}, abstract ={ Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) is a clinical syndrome charecterized by increased ICP without any evidence of mass lesion or obstructive process.  The incidence is 0.9-2 Per 100.000 population. It is more frequent in adults of 20-30 years age group especially obese women, and less common in pediatric age group. However children ranged 11- 16 years of age may suffer from PTC, with equale occurrence in both sexes. In this study we reviewed the files of 27 children with diagnosis of PTC who were admitted during past ten years in the neurology department of Mofid children Hospital (22n) and Hazrat Ali Asghar children hospital during 1369-1379.   The results of this study revealed that children of 5-10 years age group, specially girls are more vulnerable.   The most frequent complaints that brought these patients to physician consisted of headache, vomit and strabismus. Common findings at neurologic examination were papilledema, abducent nerve palsy and ataxic gait.   All cases recovered with medical treatment but only one of them need to surgical Procedure treatment.}, Keywords = {1) Pseudotumor Cerebri 2) Benign Intracraninl Hypertension 3) Toxic Hydrocephalus 4) Idiopatic intracranial hypertension}, volume = {8}, Number = {24}, pages = {147-152}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-340-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-340-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Hassani, V. and Salehi, R. and NaserNezhad, SH. and Sadri, B. and Entezari, S.R. and Mohaghegh, M.R.}, title = {EVALUATION OF INTRAMASCULAR LIDOCAINE AS A PREMEDICATION FOR REDUCTION THIOPENTAL DOSE IN INDUCTION OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA}, abstract ={ We tried to decrease the dose of the consumed thiopental during induction of anaesthesia with intramuscular injection of the lidocaine as a premedication by using the lidocaine characteristics in decreasing anaesthesia MAC(minimum alveolar concentration).  The manner of research performance is as follows: we injected lidocaine 5% (3 mg/kg) or Normal salin (0.06ml/kg) into Gluteus muscle of two hundred adult patients (anaesthesia risk ASA-I, ASA-II) who were Candidate for elective surgical operation (one hundred persons for each group). About 15 minutes after injection, induction of anaesthesia began based on constant protocol.   After intravenous injection of the Midazolam, the Fenantyl and the Galamin, the Thiopental was injected in boluses at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg in interval of 30 seconds. When the patient can not perform the orders and the eyelash reflex become disordered, the patient intubated with the Succinylcholin. The hemodynamic parameters of the patients (blood pressure and heart rate) are measured before the premedication administration and during intubation.   Analysing of the obtained results show that the average rate of the consumed Thiopental in the group who received Lidocaine 5% (3mg/kg) as a premedication decrease about 42.5% in compared with the control group during induction of anaesthesia. The stability of the hemodynamic parameters during intubation in the group who received intramuscular Lidocaine is very significant.}, Keywords = {1) pREMEDICATION 2) Lidocaine 3) Thiopental 4) Induction of anaesthesia}, volume = {8}, Number = {24}, pages = {154-157}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-339-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-339-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Rezaeizadeh, A.}, title = {REVIEW OF QUALITY OF TRAUMA PROTOCOLS AND ORTHOPEDICS SITES IN INTERNET}, abstract ={ Therapeutic and educational protocols are widely used in biomedical aspects. These protocols are locally used in hospitals and universities or may have global acceptance. Orthopedic and traumatologic protocols are available in WWW pages, and not only made by academic sources, But also delivers by personal pages.   Nowadays, need for evaluation of these sites is obvious and many works are presented in biomedical literature.   In this article 100 sites reviewed and evaluated by Branfoot & Oliver criteria and 35 of them selected and ranked.}, Keywords = {1) Orthopedic Protocols 2) Internet 3) Trauma Protocol}, volume = {8}, Number = {24}, pages = {158-161}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-330-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-330-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {ShahHosseini, G.R. and Rahmani, A. and EbrahimiTakamjani, I. and ShaterZadeh, M.J. and Kayhani, M.R.}, title = {COMPARISON BETWEEN EFFECTS OF FORWARD AND BACKWARD RUNNING IN WOBBLE BOARD TRAINING PROGRAM ON STATIC BALANCE ON HEALTH SUBJECTS.}, abstract ={  This research was conducted to examin the effects of adding forward running and backward running training in a wobble board training program on some of functional static balance tests. In this research sixty-five young healthy males (13-17years) were selected by nonprobability sampling and assigned randomly into three groups.   Group I included 25 subjects that performed 10 minutes forward running training first and then 15 minutes wobble board training.   Group II included 25 subject that performed 10 minutes backward running training first and then 15 minutes wobble board training.   Group III included 15 subjects that performed just 15 minutes wobble board training.   Each group, was trained for six weeks and three times weekly. The functional static balance tests included the most possible time of standing on domminant leg in the straight posture on the firm support surface (A), standing on dominant leg in the straight posture on the foam support surface (B), standing on dominant leg in the semisquat posture on the firm support surface (C), standing on dominant leg in the semisquat posture on the foam support surface (D). All tests were performed with closed eyes. These teste were performed and 4 times in the training period. Results did not show any significant difference of the means among three groups after 6 weeks of training, but significant difference of the means of A, B, D tests was observed among three groups in the end of the second week. We have concluded that backward running for two weeks has a facility effect on the static balance by wobble training.}, Keywords = {1) Static balance 2) Backward running 3) Wobble board}, volume = {8}, Number = {24}, pages = {163-167}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-335-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-335-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Azizi, F. and Heydarian, K.}, title = {COMPARISON OF SURGICAL AND CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF TIBIAL PLATEAU FRACTURES}, abstract ={ We evaluated the short-term results of 49 tibial plateau fractures in Shafa Hospital between march 1996 to march 1998.Thirty-one patients treated by surgery and 18 treated by conservative (non-surgical) methods. In both group the most common type of fracture was Schatzker type I and the least common were type VI and then type III. The average age was 36.9 years (18-65years) in surgical group and 46.5years (14-78years) in non-surgical group. Follow up was 15 months in average (6-24 months). The treatment in surgical group was fixation of fracture by surgery and using screws, Buttress plate and external fixator or all of them and in non-surgical group was 4 to 6 weeks long leg cast, then cast brace for knee motion. Partial weight bearing 6 weeks and full weight bearing 12 weeks post treatment commenced.  A new scoring system was designed with regard to function, pain, X-rays of final results, and marked from 0 to 100. Overall achieved score in surgical group was 80.5% (excellent and good) and 55.5% in non-surgical group. Three patients had complications in surgical group, one had infected non-:::union::: of fracture site and the two others had severe limitation of knee motion: The latter may be due to severity of trauma ofcourse. Limitation of knee motion was the main complication in non-surgical group and we think that it would be due to unnecessary and longer immobilization. There is a meaningful differenc between the results of treatment of two groups surgical group had much better results.   Our results show the same principles, as others do, that the main goals in Plateau Fracture treatment is achieving the well aligned limb, stable and congruent joint. Early and controlled knee motion is the second aim.}, Keywords = {1) Tibial Plateau 2) Schatzker type of fracture 3) Surgical treatment 4) Conservative management}, volume = {8}, Number = {24}, pages = {169-173}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-333-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-333-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Ghafoori, M.}, title = {SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION DUE TO PRUNE PITS INGESTION IN A PATIENT WITH REGIONAL ENTERITIS: A CASE REPORT}, abstract ={ The causes of small bowel obstruction are very different and one of the intraluminal causes are enteroliths which are found in Patients who have chronic obstruction of the bowel, such as regional enteritis.  The patient is a 41 year-old male with 12 year history of regional enteritis which presented with acute bowel obstruction in X-Ray studies. Eliptical calcifications with pointed ends and radiolucent center in RLQ has been observed and enteroliths due to prune pits ingestion has been diagnosed as a cause of obstruction.}, Keywords = {1) Regional enteritis 2) Small bowel obstruction 3) Enterolith}, volume = {8}, Number = {24}, pages = {175-178}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-338-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-338-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Faghihy, A. and Sadeghi, Y. and Shahverdi, A. and Kazemi, S.}, title = {A COMPARITIVE STUDY OF UPPER END ANGLES OF FEMUR AMONG NORMAL AND CDH IRANIAN CASES.}, abstract ={ In this survey upper end angles of femur (N/S & antiversion) on 1032 Normal and CDH cases, aged between Birth to 76 years old, were meagered. Simple A/P X-rays were used to sign on them by marking on axis of head and Neack also on body axis of femur.  The angle between two axes were measured by roller and goniometer. The results of linear regression and multivariation are analysed by paired t-test and these results were obtained:   1- Mean of N/S angle regardless of sex for normal cases was 130.85 ˚ and for CDH cases was 130.87 ˚ .   2- N/S angle regardless of sex, by increasing of age was significantly decreased.   3- Mean of N/S angle in Female cases was 129.4 3˚ and in male cases was 131.99˚.   4- Mean of antiversion angles in normal cases was 23.03˚ and in CDH cases was 36.11˚.}, Keywords = {1) Neek/ Shaft Angle of femur 2) Congenital Dislocation of Hip(CDH) 3) Antiversion of femure}, volume = {8}, Number = {24}, pages = {179-185}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-336-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-336-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Kadivar, M. and Nooraie, F.}, title = {EFFECTIVENESS OF AgNOR STAINING IN DISTINCTION OF ENDOMETRIAL ADENOCARCINOMA, HYPERPLASIA AND NORMAL ENDOMETRIUM}, abstract ={  Nucleoalr organizer Region (NORs) are loops of DNA that transcribe to ribosomal RNA. A silver colloid staining techique to identify nucleolar organizer region associated protein (AgNOR’s) can visualize them by intranuclear black dots. The objective of the present research is to determine to what extent the staining method can be effective in screening and diagnosis of endometrial lesions. In this investigation, the technique is applied to 120 sections of endometrial tissue. The specimens were taken from patients admitted to Shahid Akbar-Abadi Hospital in Tehran between 1372 - 1376. These sections were obtained either after curettage or from hysterectomy specimens. The histological diagnosis are as follows: normal proliferative (n=30) or secretory (n=30) endometrium, simple cystic hyperplasia (n=29), complex hyperplasia (n=6) and adenocarcinoma (n=25). The average number of NOR(s) in normal proliferative, normal secretory, simple and complex hyperplasia and adenocarcinomatous tissues were 8.9, 5.7, 9.7, 10.3 and 14.6 respectively.   There are clearly significant variations between these average counts, as quantified by an ANOVA (p<1.42E-43). Power analysis of the results shows that about 83% of variance of the dependent variable (NOR count) is due to the effects of independent variables, that is the aforementioned lesions. The sharp variation between NOR counts in different normal tissues with each other and with abnormal pre malignant and malignant lesions, and also between pre malignant and malignant lesions, strongly suggest using AgNOR in differential diagnosis of endometrial lesions.}, Keywords = {1) Nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) 2) Endometrial hyperplasia 3) Endometrial cascinoma 4) Silver colloid technique (AgNOR)}, volume = {8}, Number = {24}, pages = {187-192}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-326-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-326-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Ganjavian, M.S. and Ameri, E. and Hasankhani, E.G.}, title = {COMPLICATIONS OF POLIOSCOLIOS SURGERY}, abstract ={  This is a retrospective study of 83 patients with polioscoliosis, treated surgically in Shafa hospital (1970-1997), and the results are as Follow: implant failure: 15 cases (18%), pseudoar throsis: 12 cases (14.5%) deep infection: 4 cases (4.5%) superficial infection: 3 cases (3.6%) cast sore: 17 cases (20.5%) and loss of correction: 28 cases (33.7%).   Implant failure was more common in Harrington distraction system (HD) and Harrington with Zeilke system, and was rare in Harrington with sublaminar wiring (HD+SLW). Pseudoarthrosis was common in the HD and was very rare in the HD+SLW.   Also pseudoarthrosis was more common in the fusion with sacral involvement, posterior fusion alone, thoracolumbar and lumbar curves, than Fusion without sacral involvement, anterior with posterior fusion, and thoracic curve.   So in polioscoliosis with thoracolumbar and lumbar curves that need fusion with sacral involvement, the most appropriate procedure is anterior and posterior fusion with HD+SLW instrumentation.}, Keywords = {1) Surgical complication of Polioscoliosis 2) Spine}, volume = {8}, Number = {24}, pages = {194-198}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-337-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-337-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Mahjoubi, B. and Ravarri, D. and Vafaei, M. and Shokoohi, H. and Azarakhsh, N.}, title = {THE NEW PROCEDURE FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF EXTENSIVE CIRCUMFERENTIAL HEMORROIDS (FOUR FLAP)}, abstract ={ According to the type of procedures, excision of extensive and circumferential hemorroids can distored the anal canal and caused anal stricture and mucosal ectropion formation.  The whitehead technique of hemorroidectomy has developed a requtation as undesirable procedure. The chief criticisms have been disturbance of continence, formation of an ectropion, poor healing, stricture formation and prolapse. However with the new modification suggested firstly by authors, these complications were rare or do not occur. In this study 95 patients underwent four flap anal reconstruction (FFAR), performed by authors between 1989 and 1996. All of patients had circumferential prolapsing and bleeding hemorroids and mucosa with or without thrombosis.   Postoperative complications included abscess in one case(1%), flap detachment in 9.8%, flap loss in 3.1%, fissure in 10.6%, anal stricture in 3.1% and high stricture in one case(1%). There were no recurrences and there was no ectropion formation. Total morbidity without early and temporary complications was 4.1%. This study suggested that a new modified whitehead technique named FFAR has become the authors’ procedure of choice for circumferential prolapsing and bleeding hemorrhoids.}, Keywords = {1) Hemorroidectomy 2) Four Flap Anal Reconstruction(FFAR) 3) Anal stricture 4) Ectropion}, volume = {8}, Number = {24}, pages = {200-205}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-328-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-328-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Madani, S.A.}, title = {HAMSTRING A.C.L RECONSTRUCTION AND A.O SCREW AND SPIKED WASHER FIXATION}, abstract ={ Fifty consecutive patients with ACL deficiency and inability to do sports and daily activities underwent endoscopic ACL reconstruction with a four strands of hamstring tendon. After completion of a brace free, intensive rehabilitaion in a prospective study we analysed the results.  The graft was placed arthroscopically without impingement by the intercondylar roof and was fixed within the tibial tunnel to conserve the length of the graft for the Fixation by A.O screw and spiked washer to the supracondyle of femure. After 6 months the patients returned to unrestricted sports and daily activities. Clinical evaluation performed using the IKDC scoring system.   Forty-six patients (92%) considered their knee function normal or near normal. Thirty-one patients (62%) return to their preinjury activity level. One leg hop were more than %90 of opposite side in 24 patients (%48) and more than %76 in 16 patients (%32). In ligament examination group of IKDC, 8 patients (%16) were graded A and 38 patients (%76) graded B. In overall IKDC assassment 45 (%90) were considered normal or nearly normal. Knee function, and return to preinjury activity level had no correlation with ligamnt examination tests (X2=3.19, P>0.05) (X2=1.64, P>0.05), but had a significant correlation with IKDC score (X2=21.42, P<0.001), (X2=19.8, P<0.001) Return to preinjury activity level had a significant correlation with one leg hop (X2=19.8, P<0.001).   These results indicate that endoscopic ACL reconstruction using four strands of hamstrig tendon graft and AO screw and spiked washer fixation achieves acceptable knee stability and function, with a high rate of return to preinjury activity level.   Knee function mostly correlated to one leg hope and IKDC score, and return to preinjury activites have significant relationship with IKDC score.}, Keywords = {1) reconstruction of Anterior cruciate 2) hamstring Tendons 3) Patient satisfaction}, volume = {8}, Number = {24}, pages = {207-212}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-327-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-327-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Otukesh, H. and Hosseini, R.}, title = {THE ETIOLOGIES OF CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE IN CHILDREN IN ALI-ASGHAR AND LABAFI-NEJAD HOSPITALS}, abstract ={ According to studies which have been perormed in the following hospitals (Hazrat-e- Aliasghar and Labafi-Nejad 245 children who were affected by end stage renal failure have been taken under studiees in terms of etiology and clinical finding. The principal aim of this study was to find etiologies of CRF of these patients and teaching the families to prevent its complications.   The methods which have been used, are retrospective and in the from of the study of patients records. All patients had GFR less than 10cc/min/1/73m2. The cause of Renal failure were studied in all patients and the epidemic etiology of CRF in different age range has been determined.   On the basis of these studies, in the ages under 5 years, diseases were congenital and inherited, and in the ages over 5 years the cause of diseases were the reflux nephropathy, and the congential and inherited diseases were the most cause of renal failure.  Regarding high rate reflux in our studies which have been performed in other countries, the conclusion in that: the absence of regular planing in diagnosis and treatment of children who were affected by UTI and reflux, made the above disease as the most cause of ESRD in age range of 5-9 years and 10-17 years. Also, the late diagnosis of the congential-inherited disease (Specially congential obstrustive diseases) made them as the probable cause of ESRD in the patients over 5 years groups.   The conclusion of this study was that the average age of final process of CRF in patients of this study was less than other studies in the same category. The lower level of health and awareness in families, and lack of early diagnosis and attention of physician to the patients can be reason of this difference.}, Keywords = {1) End Stage Renal Disease(ESRD) 2)Reflux Nephropathy 3) Congenital Inherited Diseases}, volume = {8}, Number = {25}, pages = {237-241}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-344-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-344-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Zahmatkesh, M.M. and Chehrei, S. and Chehrei, A. and AhteshamiAfshar, A.}, title = {MASSIVE SPONTANEOUS MELANOPTYSIS AND CAVITARY LESION IN A COAL WORKER:A CASE REPORT}, abstract ={ Coal dust is associated with coal worker’s penumoconiosis, and about one-third of them progress to massive pulmonary fibrosis,that eventually makes multiple pulmonary nodules. Rarely,ischemia happens in these nodules and necrosis and perforation occurs in them spontaneously.In this case report, we introduce a person with pneumoconiosis and massive pulmonary fibrosis who was admitted in hospital because of severity in his symptoms.Three days after admission in spite of improvement in general condition, suddenly and spontaneously he experienced massive and black sputum which is named melanoptysis. In his chest x ray cavitary lesion was replaced to one of his modules.Other causes of cavitary lesion was ruled out and therefore the diagnosis of massive spontaneous melanoptysis was done.}, Keywords = {1) Massive melanoptysis 2) Pneumoconiosis 3) Coal worker }, volume = {8}, Number = {25}, pages = {242-245}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-357-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-357-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Arbabi, A.H. and Ameli, H. and Darvishi, K.}, title = {STATISTICAL STUDY OF POLYDACTYLY FROM 1993 TO 1999 IN SHAHID AKBARABADI MATERNITY HOSPITAL}, abstract ={ Digits in excess of five in the human are anomalous and polydactyly is the term to denote duplication of digite. Polydactyly is the second most common congenital deformity of the hand, only after syndactyly. In the blacks, the incidence is about 1 in 300, and in the whites it is 1 in 3000.  The presence of an extra diggit can be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Numerous homebox genes are known to be expressed in various cell groups of the developing limb, uiding the developmental processes. It is likely that mutations involving Hox genes, growth factors, and morphogen receptors give rise to abnormalities of limb development. Regarding to researches in Shahid Akbarabadi Maternity hospital from 1993 to 1999, polydactyly incidence per 1000 is 0.83.}, Keywords = {1) Polydactyly 2) Autosomal dominant 3) Congenital Deformity 4)Mutation}, volume = {8}, Number = {25}, pages = {246-249}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-354-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-354-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {ArjmandiRafsanjani, K. and Vossough, P. and Kargar, M.}, title = {RESPONSE TO SPLENCTOMY IN CHRONIC ITP: A TWENTY YEARS SURVEY IN HAZRAT ALI ASGHAR HOSPITAL}, abstract ={  ITP is an autoimmune disorder, due to increased platelet destruction. This condition may be acute, chronic or recurrent. In the acute form, the platelet count returns to normal within 6 months after diagnosis. In the chronic form, the platelet count remains low beyond 6 months.   In approximately 90% of children ITP is acute and self-limited disease. Splenectomy is indicated for severe acute ITP with life threateninig bleeding, which is nonresponsive to medical treatment. Splenectomy is also indicated for chronic form with bleeding symptoms or platelet count persistant below 30,000/mm3, which is nonresponsive to medical treatment for several years. The platelet count usually rises immediately after splenectomy, reaching a maximum 1 to 2 weeks postsplenectomy. If the peak of platelet count achived after splenectomy is above 500,000/ mm3, permanent remission is likely. In our study we evaluated 21 patients with chronic ITP that were splenectomized. In 18 patients, the duration of postoperation time was over 1 year and in 3 patients it was less than 2 months, so these 3 were not included in our final analysis.   We divided the patients in two groups:   1- Group(P): Patients responded to splenectomy (10 patients) In this group, resing of platelet count after   splenectomy in 6 patients was greater than 500,000/ mm3 and persistant at least for 1 year, without any medical therapy > 150,000/ mm3.   2- Group (N): Patients who did not respond to splenectomy (8 patients). We tried to find correlation between variables, and respond to splenectomy but because of limited number of patients, we achieved only a significant correlation between postsplenectomy response and patients age. Patients who had diagnosis of ITP in younger age, had better response to splenectomy later.   A correlation between response to IVIg therapy before splenectomy and postsplenectomy was also observed. Because half of the patients of P group had platelet count greater than 500,000/ mm3 with IVIg tharapyso it is concluded that patients who respond well to IVIg therapy in the primary treatment may show a better respond to splenectomy.}, Keywords = {1) Splenectomy 2) Chronic ITP}, volume = {8}, Number = {25}, pages = {250-255}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-355-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-355-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Akbari, M. and Azari, A.}, title = {A SURVEY OF THE PREVALENCE OF NECK PAIN IN PATIENTS WHO REFERRED TO PHYSICAL THERAPY CLINICS OF GREATER TEHRAN IN FIRST SIX MONTHS OF 1377:}, abstract ={ The main purpose of this study was to determine the six months prevalence of neck pain in patients who referred to physical therapy clinics in greater Tehran.  A cross-sectional study was investigated through Interrogation and observation of the patients who referred to the physical therapy over a six-month-period. Greater Tehran was divided into five regions and 1-2 physical therapy clinics were randomly selected in each region. The subjects were selected from population of all the subjects referred to those physical therapy clinics (a total of 1272 patients). All the subjects complaining from neck pain entered this study (136 subjects).   The prevalence of neck pain in patients in different clinics was averaged 10.7% (minimum 9% and maximum 12.4%) in all clinics. The rate was 11.9% for women and 10.2% for men. There was no significant difference in prevalence between the five regions.}, Keywords = {1) Neck pain 2) Prevalence 3) Incidence 4) Physical therapy }, volume = {8}, Number = {25}, pages = {256-261}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-347-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-347-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Ansari, SH. and Jallali, M. and Samai, H.}, title = {PURPURA FULMINANT AND CEREBRAL VENOUS THROMBOSIS IN 3 NEWBORNS WITH HOMOZYGOUS PROTEIN-C DEFICIENCY}, abstract ={  Protein-c deficiency is a rare disease that is two form: Homozygote and Heterozygote. Protein-c circulates in healthy adult Plasma is valu ranging from 70-140 Percent. Protein-C level in newborns are 20-40 Percent of normal adult level. Newborn with homozygote protein-C deficiency almost always manifest skin necrosis, fulminant purpura after birth and or central nervous system thrombosis. Mutation is near the active site of the protein-C and DNA analysis shows double variant.   Treatment option includes Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) and Protein-C concentrate in the acute phase follows by oral anticoagulant therapy.   Three pateints were refered to Hazrat Ali Asghar Pediatrics Hospital, with developed skin necrosis on the abdomen and upper extrimitis, after 24 hours of life. One case had CNS hemorrhage after anti-coagulation therapy. Their protein-C activity were less than 1% and for their parents were less than 60%.}, Keywords = {1) Protein-C deficiency 2) Purpura fulminant 3) Skin necrosis}, volume = {8}, Number = {25}, pages = {262-264}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-353-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-353-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {MossaviBarfroii, S.F. and Izadi, F. and Ahmadi, S.}, title = {LARYNGEAL DUCTAL CYST IN A TEN-MONTH-OLD INFANT: A CASE REPORT}, abstract ={ The patient was a 10-month-old infant with respiratory distress.During clinical examination and radiography we suspected to congenital laryngeal disorder.The infant was examined by direct laryngoscopy under general anesthesia. After laryngoscopy we diagnosed laryngeal ductal cyst and resected by Co2 laser. After several days the symptoms of the patient improved and he left hospital.}, Keywords = {1) Laryngeal Ductal cyst 2) Respiratory distress 3) Laryngoscopy 4) Co2 Laser}, volume = {8}, Number = {25}, pages = {265-268}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-356-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-356-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Khodapanahandeh, F.}, title = {ASURVEY ON 107 CHILDREN WITH FEBRILE CONVULSION IN FIROOZ-ABADI HOSPITAL}, abstract ={ In a cross sectional study over a period of two years (Sep 1997-Sep 1999), 107 children with febrile convulsion were evaluated in Firooz-Abadi Hospital.   The mean age of first occurrence of febrile convulsion was 20.5 ± 9.8 months and for children with a family history of febrile seizure was 14.8 ±8.02 months.   In those without a family history the mean age were 22.1±9.7 months.   A male preponderance (60%) was observed. There was a predominance of generalized seizures (81%). The duration of convulsions in the majority of children (85%) were less than 15 minutes. Children with a positive family history were at increased risk of recurrent febrile seizures.}, Keywords = {1) Febrile Convulsion 2) Generalized Seizure 3) focal seizure 4) Recurrent seizure}, volume = {8}, Number = {25}, pages = {269-272}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-360-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-360-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {KholdBarin, A.R. and Rokhtabnak, F. and Molavi, B.}, title = {MASSIVE TRANSFUSION AFTER LAMINECTOMY SURGERY: A CASE REPORT}, abstract ={  In this case report, A 53 year-old woman is presented whom was prepared for nonemergency laminectomy surgeny under general anesthesia. Balanced anesthesia was chosen for her planned surgery. At the end of the surgery, patients’s blood pressure dropped unexpectedly. Vasopressor durg plus intravenous crystaloid solution were the only treatment then.   After turning patient to normal position (supine) and extubation of the trachea, there was another sudden drop in blood pressure, tachycardia, unconciousness and distention of the abdomen. Patient was resuscitated with tracheal intubation, Intravascular fluid adminstration and was returned to operating room for emergency laparatomy. During laparatomy, large amount of blood was inside peritoneal cavity and the source of the bleeding was two tearings in the abdominal aorta. Invasive monitoring was instituted at the beginning of the laparatomy ( Arterial line/CV line). After emergency laparatomy, the patient had three episodes of laparatomy for finding of the bleeding source around the abdominal aorta, IVC and vertebral arteries during three consecutive days. Patient received 109 units of blood & blood products during 96 hours after laminectomy Surgery and was retained in ICU for 83 days.}, Keywords = {1) Laminectomy 2) Aortic rupture 3) Massive transfusion 4) Patient positioning}, volume = {8}, Number = {25}, pages = {273-282}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-341-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-341-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Qujeq, D. and Ahmadi, M.}, title = {ADENYLYL CYCLASE ASSAY TO MEASURE MACROPHAGE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN-1 RECEPTOR FUNCTION}, abstract ={ Adenylyl cyclase is a membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP. The inhibition of adenylyl cyclase was carried out by measuring the ability of the macrophage chemotactic protein-1 to inhibit the forskolin-induced enzyme activity. Measurement of adenylyl cyclase activity was performed according to the procedure described by Wiegn.  Adenylyl cyclase activity in the present macrophage chemotactic protein-1 was decreased compared to that in controls [2.11+/- 0.15(mean +/-SD.)vs. 6.83+/-0.45, activity ( µ mol cAMP/mg protein/min)].  Macrophage chemotactic protein significant reduced adenylyl cyclase activity by 79.9%.}, Keywords = {1) Adenylyl cyclase 2) Macrophage chemotactic protein-1}, volume = {8}, Number = {25}, pages = {283-287}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-348-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-348-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Rasi, A.}, title = {REPORT OF ONE HUNDRED PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR PATIENTS}, abstract ={  Pityriasis versicolor is a fungual infection of the superficial mycosis group. But it is not contagious. This study was done to reach to the truthfulnes and the meticulous findings of the previous researchers in our society, regarding the incidence of the disease in both sexes, The age of onset, its incidence in dermatologic clinics and the possible associations such as: immune deficiency, cushingoid Appearance, mulnutrition and immunosuppression.   During a twenty seven month period, all the patients with cutaneous features of white, yellow. Ochre or brown macules and patches with pityriasiform scales on the upper trunck, whom had improved with topical clotrimazole cream and selenium sulfied shampoo within two weeks and whom were visited twice, before and after treatment and diagnosed as having PV based on clinical grounds, were included in the study.   Overall one hundred cases of PV were seen which covers 4% of dermatologic clinic patients. The age of patients was between 8 and 49 years with mean age of 24.8 years. 89% of the patients were between 11 and 40 years old. 49% of the patients were male and 51% female. Consistent with the references of this study no significant statistical difference was seen between the age of male and female patients. Also none of the patients had any associated immune deficiency, immunosuppression, cushingoid appearance and /or malnutrition.}, Keywords = {1) Pityriasis versicolor 2) Tinea versicolor 3) Dermatomycosis}, volume = {8}, Number = {25}, pages = {288-292}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-351-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-351-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {SalekMoghadam, A.R. and ForuheshTehrani, H. and Anssari, H. and Ravadgar, B. and NooraniVatani, A. and Ghassemi, M.}, title = {A SURVEY ON BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION ON ONE-HUNDRED UNPASTEURIZED CHEESE SAMPLES AND PASTEURIZED CHEESE AS CONTROL AND STABILITY OF COMMONLY CONTAMINATING BACTERIA TO DIFFERENT SALT CONCENTRATION}, abstract ={In this survey, microbiological examinations for bacterial contamination were conducted on 100 unpasteurized cheese samples collected in different regions of Tehran since June 1998 till Junel 1999. Thirty paseurized cheese samples were also collected and similarly examined as control. The results indicates heavy contamination of unpasteurized cheese with Escherichia Coli (54%) and strphylococcus aureus (3%). Only one pasteurized cheese sample was contaminated with coliforms. Since salt water is often used for cheese storage, we examined the stabilty of E.coli and other commonly contaminating bacteria such as listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio cholera, and yersinia enterocolotica to different salt concentrations. The results indicate that E.coli can remain viable in 1-10percent, 20%, 30%, and saturated salt solutions for 70, 30, 15, and 2 days, respectively. Vibrio cholera remains alive for 42 days in low salt solution, but can resist at 9-10percent salt solution for only 48 hours. Yersinia enterocolitica ceased to grow after a week at 1-10percent salt solution. The only bacteria capable of resisting at saturated salt solution for over 63 days was listeria monocytogenes.}, Keywords = {1) Unpasteurized cheese 2) E.coli 3) Slamonellea 4) Yersinia enterocolitica 5) Listeria monocytogenes 6) Different salt concentrations}, volume = {8}, Number = {25}, pages = {293-299}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-346-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-346-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Shekarabi, M. and Oormazdi, H. and Ghamchili, A. and Razavi, M.}, title = {A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE TWO METHODS OF DIRECT FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY AND KYNION,ACID-FAST STAINING TECHNIQUES ON THE LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF CRYPTOSPORLIDIOSIS.}, abstract ={Cryptosporidium parvum in humans,as a re-appeared and as one of the four most important ubiquitous enteric pathogen which can cause diarrhare with high level of mortality mainly in the munocompromised patients has stimulated research interested in the world. The quick and accurate laboratory diagnostic report of the pathogen are hlighly important in the prevention of the disease progress. Although kynion acid-fast(AF)staining procedure is accepted in the most clinical laboratories,a comparative study on the preferences  of direct fluorescent (DF) antibody with staining techniques has undertaken in this recent work.During,months,beginning 1/5/1999,the stool samples of 340 apearantly healthy people,185 from patients under chemotherapy and 170 from children under 10 years with chronic diarrhae have been collected for our research studies.The obtained results are as following:1-The sensitivity,specificity and the simplicity of the direct fluorescent (DF) was 100% as compared with kynion acid-fast (AF) technique.2-With regard of minimum detection time unit,each (DF) slide needs one minute, while this time limit for each (AF) slide was 5 minutes.3-By compering the minimum diagnotic level(MDL) by expert technologists in two tecniques, it was 8 for (DF). In other words, at least 60000 oocysts/ml of liquid stools are needed until to be able to detect by (AF) while (MDL) for (DF) was 7500 oocysts/ml.4-By using a single blind test the experience quality of the technologist in two techniques of (DF) and (AF) were evaluated. This test was significantly prefered as compared with (AF) technique.5-In these studies we have found that 0.7% of healthy people ,0.5% of patients under chemotherapy and 4.1% of diarrhaetic children were infected with Cryptosporidium parvum}, Keywords = {1) Direct fluorescent Antibody 2) Cryptosporidiosis 3) Kynion Acid-Fast staining}, volume = {8}, Number = {25}, pages = {300-307}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-350-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-350-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Safaeian, R. and Movasaghi, GH.}, title = {COMPARISON BETWEEN INCIDENCE OF POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING AFTER TOTAL ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY IN GENERAL AND EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA}, abstract ={ For evaluating the effects of anesthesia on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, 61 patients candidated for total abdominal hysterectomy were selected and randomly entered in two groups, epidural (n=34) Vs. general anesthesia (n=27). Information about the complications was gathered after 24h by single blind manner. In general anesthesia group premedication drugs were fentanyl (1-2 µ g/kg) and Morphine (0.1mg/kg), Induction with thiopental (5mg/kg) and succinylcholine (1mg/kg), maintenance with Halothane (0.8-1.25%) and nitrous oxide (50%), pancrunium (0.1mg/kg) was used for muscle relaxation and at the end of the surgery patients were reversed by neostigmine and atropine.  Local anesthetics (lidocaine and bupivacaine) were used for epidural anesthesia. Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) after general anesthesia occurred in 74% of cases and in 41% of epidural cases (P=0.020). Patients were divided in four groups according to the severity of PONV, then severity were compared between two Methods of anesthesia.}, Keywords = {1) Epidural Anesthesia 2) General Anesthesia 3) Total Abdominal Hysterectomy 4) Post Operative Nausea Vomiting(PONV) 5) Narcotics}, volume = {8}, Number = {25}, pages = {308-311}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-345-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-345-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Foroogh, B. and Noori, H.}, title = {COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RECRUITMENT INTERVAL (RI) ON VASTUS MEDIALS IN NORMA SUBNECT AND PATIENTS WITH PATELLOFERMORAL PAIN SYNDROM IN PRE AND POST EXERCISE CONDITION}, abstract ={  One of the most important causes of patellofemoral pain syndrome is malfunction of quadriceps muscle, specially vastus medialis muscle weakness.   Twenty seven normal healthy subjects (21.4±3.4 years) and 17 patients with patellofemoral pain (24.1±3.6 years) were included in this study. Recruitment Internal of the patients and normal subjects were recorded by using a coaxial needle electrode in vastus medialis during voluntary contraction.   The effects of ten sessions of closed chain quadriceps exercise were evaluated on the control group and patients by methods of RI recording.   Following exercise program there was significant decrease of mean value of RI in Vastus medialis muscle (P<0.0001).   RI recording method could be used for assessing the weakness of Vastus medialis muscle.}, Keywords = {1) Patellofemoral 2) Recruitment Interval 3) Vastus Medialis 4) EMG}, volume = {8}, Number = {25}, pages = {312-315}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-358-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-358-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Ghoraian, M.A and Moshkgoo, M. and Reshad, A. and Sarami, A. and Asadi, M.}, title = {A CASE REPORT OF MEDULLARY CARCINOMA OF THYROID ASSOIATED WITH DUCTAL CARCINOMA OF BREAST}, abstract ={  The patient is a 49 year-old woman, a mother of four with enlarging thyroid gland for the past 15 years. Thyroid scan showed multinodular goiter. Thyroid hunction tests were in the range of normal. Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid was unsatisfactory. In the thyroid physical exam bilateral multiple and movable lymphadenopathies were detected on the anterior cervial chain.The thyroid was hard and nontender and nodular on population (CEA=400 ng/ml,calcitonin=1100 pg/ml).   A relatively fixed and non-tender mass measuring 1 × 1.5cm was felt in the superior-external lobe of the right breast this mass was present from eight months prior to the time of presentation.There was neither skin change nor nipple discharge. Excisional biopsy of the mass revealed infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast.   Modified radical mastectomy was subsequently performed.The patient then was prepared for thyroid surgery. Total thyroidectomy and modified neck dissection were carried out when the frozen section reportes malignant which was then confirmed to be medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland.}, Keywords = {1) Medulary Carcinoma of Thyroid 2) Ductal Carcinoma of Breast}, volume = {8}, Number = {25}, pages = {316-318}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-359-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-359-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Mirzajani, A.}, title = {A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN OCCLUSION THERAPY AND “CAM” THERAPY IN TREATMENT OF ANISOMETROPIC AMBLYOPIA}, abstract ={ Occlusion is a method that has been used in the treatment of amblyopia since before and CAM visual stimulation (CAM therapy) is other method which can be used for amblyotherapy.In this study twenty two 6-year-old, previously untreated amblyopic children were divided into two subgroups with regard to anisometropic and ametropic amounts.The first group was treated by occlusion therapy and the second group was treated by CAM method. These two methods were compared in improving visual acuity,accommodation, ocular movement(saccades-pursuits)and stereoacuity.  We found that CAM therapy was significantly more effective and better than occlusion in improving visual acuity and stereoacuity.There was significantly no difference between two method in improving amplitude of accommodation. However occlusion therapy was significantly more effective than CAM therapy in improving accommodative facility and saccadic and pursuit movement.  It is concluded that CAM therapy is valuable method in the treatment of anisometropic amblyopia, however it is not a complete method and must be used with occlusion.}, Keywords = {1)Occlusion 2)CAM visual stimulation 3)Amblyopia }, volume = {8}, Number = {25}, pages = {319-326}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-342-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-342-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {NasrEsfahni, M. and Hamidi, A.}, title = {THE EFFECT OF BROMOCRIPTINE ON THE NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA: A DOUBLE BLIND STUDY}, abstract ={ The negative symptoms of schizophrenia still cause one of the major problems in therapeutic work with schizophrenics. Although there has been great progress in the field of pharmacology for identifying effective drugs to alleviate the negative symptoms. We are still far away from having satisfactory and successful results. The purpose of the present project is to study the effects of a type of Dopamine Agonist such as Bromocriptine on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.  A double-blind cross-over controlled design was applied for this study. The participants, who were chosen on the basis of their diagnosis to prevent the effects of confounding factors, caution was made to choose those patients who showed severe negative symptoms, but who did not have any of the following: depression, active psychosis, substance abuse, physical diseases drug side-effects, and did not use drugs or have disorders which contraindicated the use of Bromocriptine. Out of 60 patients under treatment for schizophrenia, 14 met the above criteria, two of which refused to participate, (n=12).  The 12 participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and the control groups, and were observed for 13 weeks. For 6 weeks the patients in the experimental group recived 15 mg of Bromocriptine, and those in the control group receive placebo. For one week, Both groups received placebo (washing period). And for the find 6 weeks the two groups were crossed over, the former experimental group receiving placebo, and the former control group receiving 15 my of bromocriptine. For measuring the effects of the drug on the positive and negative symptoms, the PANSS which is a standardized instrument for this purpose was applied.   The data was analyzed by wileoxon, using the SPSS computer program, in two different ways. The results of the analysis showed that adding a Dopamine Agonist such as Bromocriptine to the drug regimen, can have significant effects on the negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia. Bromocriptine can, not only reduce the negative symptoms of schizophrenia if can also prevent the risk of psychosis.}, Keywords = {1) Schizophrenia 2) Dopamine agonist 3) Negative symptoms 4) Bromocriptine}, volume = {8}, Number = {25}, pages = {327-333}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-349-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-349-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Nazifii, A.}, title = {EFFECT OF OMEPRAZOLE PLUS CIPROFLOXACIN ON HEALING OF DUODENAL ULCER AND ERADICATION OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI}, abstract ={ Recently the Combined Therapy of omeprazole (O) a powerful anti ulcer drag with antibiotic has been studied in patients with helicobacter pyloi (HP) associated duodenal ulcer (DU). The efficacy of (O) plus ciprofloxacin (C) Therapy on healing of Du and eradication of HP was tested in a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled prospective study. Eighty four patients with HP positive Du disease were randomly assigned to receive O 20 mg (28 days) plus C 250 mg bid (7 days) or placebo. The patients were devided in to following four groups.  Group 1 (O+C n=22)  Group 2 (O placebo +C placebo n=22) Group 3 (O placebo +C n=19) Group 4 (O+C placebo n=21)  Endoscopy and two biopsies from antrum for rapid urease test and histology were performed in all patients at the entry and three to seven days after the end of the therapy.  Du healing rates were 88% in group 1, 13% in group 2, 24% in group 3, and 78% in group 4, the proportions of Hp negativity were 65% in group 1, 13% in group 2, 19% in group 3, and 24% in group 4. The highest rates of ulcer healing or Hp eradication were observed in group 1 receiving O+C.  1- Omeprazole is a safe and effective drug for short termulcer therapy in patients with Du disease.  2- Omeprazole plus ciprofloxacin therapy is highly effective concerning Hp eradication.   3- Du healing rate with o plus c Therapy may be increased as compared to omeprazole therapy olane.}, Keywords = {1) Peptic ulcer 2) Helicobacter 3) Omeprazole 4) Ciprofloxacin}, volume = {8}, Number = {25}, pages = {334-338}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-352-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-352-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Nikeghbali, A.A and Mirsamadi, M.M and AkhavanMadjd, H and Kheirkhah, A}, title = {EVALUATION OF CONJUNCTIVE MICROBIAL FLORA IN PATIENTS PRESENTING TO EYE WARD OF HAZRAT RASUL-e AKRAM HOSPITAL, TEHRAN, (1999-2000)}, abstract ={ Conjunctival microbial flora is the main source of organisms causing postoperative endophthalmitis. Therefore this study has been performed to evaluate this flora in patients undergoing intraocular surgery.   This nonselective study was done prospectively on 251 eyes of 211 patients who underwent intraocular surgery during 1378-1379 (1999-2000 AD) in Hazrat Rasul-e Akram hospital, Tehran, Iran. Specimens for microbial culture were taken from operated eyes in 100 patients, from opposite eyes in 71 patients, and from both eyes in 40 patients.   This sampling was done just before the onset of surgery. All specimens were evaluated for bacteria and 100 specimens were also evaluated for fungi. Findings were classified and analyzed statistically. From 251 eyes, 56.6% had positive culture for at least one and 1.6% for two different bacteria. The isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus epidermidis 50.6% Staphylococcus aureus 3.6%, Bacillus species 1.6%, E.coli 1.2%, Actinomyces 0.8% and diphtheroids 0.4%. Fungi were found in 3% of appropriate cultures. Flora of both eyes showed no statistically significant difference.   As mentioned in previous reports, this tudy showed that microbial agents were isolated from conjunctive in more than half of the eyes. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common isolated bacteria. In order to prevent postoperative endophthamitis, measures should be taken to decrease floral population before eye surgery.}, Keywords = {1) Eye Surgery 2) Conjunctival Culture 3) Conjunctival flora}, volume = {8}, Number = {25}, pages = {339-343}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-343-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-343-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {EhteshamiAfshar, A and Moosavi, M.A.J and Aram, N and Deldar, M and Raiisi, S and GoharzadAtaie, M and Moghimi, A and Nejatifar, F and Nekoie, N}, title = {DETERMINATION OF FREQUENCY OF HISTOPATHOLOGIC TYPES OF PRIMARY LUNG NEOPLASMS IN THOSE PATIENTS ADMITTED IN TEHRAN HOSPITALS}, abstract ={  Lung cancer is still the main cause of death in cancer diseases, both in men and women. The high incidence and poor prognosis of the lung cancer makes it a major health priblem in the last few decades. Determination of frequency of different histopathologic types of primary lung cancer has great importance in creating integrated treatment programs and to recognize the effective factors causing the disease. Specially there is not enough information about this subjects in Iran. This study has been designed to fulfill the above requirements. This is an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study and explanation using a sample volume of 384 patients. Used Sampling method was a multistage one. At first, Tehran was divided into 5 areas. After that one hospital was chosen in each area. Finally, samples are related to years 1991-1998 from these hospitals (Emam Khomainie, Hazrat Rasul-e Akram, Firoozgar, Labbafeenejad, Massih Daneshvari and Haft-e Tir) were collected.   From 384 samples, 77.1% were male and 22.9% were famale. The average age of those suffering, ranged from 63.01 ± 1.34 years so most of those suffering were in their 7 th decade of life. From them 57% were cigarette smokers and 13.22% were opioid users. In the smokers group, the averge cigarette consumption were 32.13 ± 3.6 packs per year and this would be increased with age. The most common type of malignancy were as following: squamous cell carcinoma (51.6%), adnocarcinoma (16.4%), small cell carcinoma (14.3%), large cell carcinoma, carcinoid tumor, bronchial gland carcinoma and adensquamous carcinoma. There was a meaningful relationship between smoking habit and incidence of SCC and adnocarcinoma (P=0.000). There was also a meaningful relationship between sex and type of malignancy (P=0.000). The most common signs, were cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis and chest pain.   As there are frequent types of malignant lung cancer, the results are considerably different from those are obtained from other countries. This difference has been confirmed by other similar studies carried out in the country. This suggest that the probability of these difference is related to different risk factors in our country from others. These finding makes obligate us to have effective plan for recognition of them for prevention purposes.}, Keywords = {1) Primary Lung Neoplasm 2) Histopathology 3) Epidemiology}, volume = {8}, Number = {26}, pages = {373-379}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-368-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-368-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Ansari, SH and Vossough, P and Taee, N}, title = {SECOND MALIGNANCY IN PATIENTS WITH HODGKIN DISEASE TREATED IN HAZRAT ALI ASGHAR HOSPITAL}, abstract ={  Hodgkin’s disease is one of the most common childhood malignancies that with correct diagnosis and effective treatment is curable and without treatment is leading to death.  The survival of patients with Hodgkin’s disease has dramatically improved over the past 30 years because of advances in treatment.  However, concern for the risk of long tern complications has resulted in a number of trials to evaluate reduction of therapy. Causes of second malignancy are related to therapies (radiotherapy-chemotherapy-radiotherapy with chemotherapy), age of patients in the first treatment, sex and immunological deficits associated with Hodgkin’s disease. Two third of second malignancies are solid tumors and 1/3 are hematologic and lymphatic system cancer.  In patients that treated first with radiotherapy, solid tumors appears higher and in patients treated first with chemotherapy leukemia appears higher. With this reuslts in childhood malignancies radiotherapy sholud be reduced and when patients treated with chemotherapy the cycles of treatment should be reduced too, and all patients should have follow up for second malignancy for several years. In 228 patients with Hodgkin’s disease in ten years in Hazrat Ali-Asghar Hospital, 4 second malignancies were occurred.  Three cases presented with solid tumor and one case with leukemia (AML). Three cases that first treated with radiotherapy after 8, 18 and 19 years later (respectively) presented with solid tumor, one case died from brain tumor and two cases presented with thyroid cancer, had thyroidectomy and are alive. One case after 6 years of repeated chemotherapy for recurrent disease developed leukemia and finally died. Because in this center, radiotherapy is restricted, the incidence of second malignancy is less than other centers.}, Keywords = {1) Hodgkin lymphoma 2) Second malignancy 3) Radiotherapy 4) Chemotherapy protocol}, volume = {8}, Number = {26}, pages = {382-387}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-373-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-373-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Bahasadri, SH}, title = {ISOLATED TORSION OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBE IN PREGNANCY: A CASE REPORT}, abstract ={ Isolated torsion of fallopian tube is an unusual event during pregnancy. Predisposing factors for torsion are hydrosalpinx, prior tubal operation, ovarian and paraovarian masses, although there maybe no obvious cause. Patient present with lower quadrant pain and diagnosis is usually made during operation for acute abdomen and salpingectomy is almost always necessary. In this report, a 24-week pregnant woman, with chief complaint of lower abdominal and right flank pain is presented, who had been treated with impresion of pyelonephritis and ureteral stone. Finally, due to lack of improvement, an explorating laparatomy was done with daignosis of acute abdomen and isolated torsion of right fallopian tube with no predisposing factor was found.   This rare case is presented to emphasize its importance in differential diagnosis of acute abdomen during pregnancy.}, Keywords = {1) Torsion of fallopian tube 2) Pregnancy 3) Acute abdomen}, volume = {8}, Number = {26}, pages = {389-391}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-375-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-375-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {J.Motlagh, A.R and Vosough, P}, title = {THE EFFECT OF REGULAR BLOOD TRANSFUSION AND DESFERAL USE IN PREVENTING OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IN ADOLESCENT MAJOR THALASSEMIC PATIENTS}, abstract ={  Hypothyroidism is an important endocrine complication of major thalassemia. It should be prevented because of its effects on patients’ growth and development. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of regular blood transfusion and desferal use in preventing of such complications. An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 185 major thalassemic adolescents in Hazrat Ali-Asghar Hospital. For regular blood transfusion, the Hb level and for regular desferal use, the ferritin level was detected. The patients’ age ranged from 12-20 years old with a mean of 14.61. One hundred and twelve patients (60%) were male and 73(40%) were female. Among the patients, 161(87%) had no complication and 24 (13%) suffered from hypothyroidism. This study covered a period of five years starting in March 1995 and ending in March 2000.   The results of this study showed that 8% of hypothyroid patients hadHb level more than 10 g/dl. Also 30% of other thalassemic patients had Hb level more than 10 g/dl namely good transfusion compliance, (P value = 0.08).   The study also showed that 21% of hypothyroid patients and 52% of other thalassemic patients had ferritin level less than 1500 ng/ml, namely good chelation compliance, (P value = 0.004). All the patients in this study had primary hypothyroidism and all of them had subcutaneous or intravenous injection of desferal.   This study suggests that therapy of patients with major thalassemia should be planned in a way that the Hb level be kept over 10 g/dl and Ferritin level at less than 1500 ng/ml.}, Keywords = {1)Major Thalassemia 2) Hypothyroidism 3) Transfusion 4)Ferritin 5)Desferal }, volume = {8}, Number = {26}, pages = {392-395}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-364-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-364-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, SH and Daneshi, A and Javadi, M}, title = {ORBITORHINOCEREBERAL MUCORMYCOSIS: REPORT OF 9 CASES}, abstract ={Within the nine patients with diagnosis of mucormycosis that were under treatment in this center, all have an underlying disease such as diabetes or immunedeficiency. In the onest of disease, they often had symptoms of common cold, sinusitis then gradually blindness, proptosis, 5th and 7th carnial nerves paralyis, confusion and coma developed.   Treatment consists of antifungal therapy with amphoteriecin B and surgical interventien by exentration and sinus debridment. Management should be done as soon as possible.}, Keywords = {1) Orbitorhinocerebral mucormycosis 2) Diabetes 3) Immunodeficeny }, volume = {8}, Number = {26}, pages = {397-407}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-365-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-365-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Haghighi, L and Rahmani, E}, title = {INDOMETHACIN THERAPY IN SEVERE POLYHYDRAMNIOS}, abstract ={Polyhydramnios is defined as excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid. It is associated with inceased incidence of abruptio placenta, preterm birth, cord prolopse and neonatal death (30%). So in this clinical trial, 12 pregnant women with significant polyhydramnios (AFI> 24 cm) and gestational age of 24-32 weeks, received oral Indomethacin at a dose of 100 mg/day for 8 days. AF volume decreased in all patients (P=0.000). We didn’t observe any maternal and fetal-neonatal side effect due to indomethacin therapy. Mean gestational age at delivery was 37.7 ± 1 weeks. It can be concluded that short term indomethacin therapy is effective in significant polyhydramnios without any maternal and fetal side effect. }, Keywords = {1) Polyhydramnios 2) Preterm delivery 3) Indomethacin}, volume = {8}, Number = {26}, pages = {411-413}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-378-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-378-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Hafezi, F and Nouhi, A.H}, title = {ANOTHER LOOK TO FACIAL RECONSTRUCTION USING SCALP FLAP}, abstract ={ In the male burn victims,scar may cause grotesque facial disfigurement of upper lip and lower face. There are many ways as simple as a skin graft to the complicated flaps that are reported in the literature by different authors. Bipedicle scalp flaps used sporadically for reconstruction of upper lips in male patients. In this article we report the use of bitemporal artery hair-bearing flap for the reconstruction of moustache and bread as a substitute for facial deformed skin in eight cases. The aim is to insist on scalp flap as one of the best-matched flap for reconstruction the mid and lower part of male face.  Choosing the proper size of the flap, we omitted use of tissue expander, closing the donor site primarily resulting earlier return of patients to normal life. Although the width of the flap is not that much to cover the whole lower face and the cheeks, it is enough to imitate a normal face and pleasant appearance.}, Keywords = {1) Facial Reconstruction 2) Scalp Skin Flap}, volume = {8}, Number = {26}, pages = {415-418}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-372-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-372-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Zahmatkesh, M.M and EhteshamiAfshar, A and Rezaian, M and Emamzadegan, R and Chehrei, A}, title = {ASSESSING THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF THE RATIO OF PLEURAL FLUID CHOLESTROL AND BILIRUBIN TO THAT OF SERUM IN DETECTING THE TYPE OF PLEURAL EFFUSION}, abstract ={ The first step in diagnosing the cause of effusion is to differentiate exudate from transudate. In according to that, Light’s criteria has been used for years, but sometimes the amount of protein and LDH of the pleural effusion remains at the borderline, therefore detecting other components may be useful.   This research is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 70 patients having pleural effusion, the levels of LDH, bilirubin, cholestrol and protein in the pleural fluid and serum were measured. Light’s criteria also was used as “gold standard”. The cholestrol level above than 60 mg/dl and the ratio of cholestrol and of pleural fluid to that of serum above than 0.3 and 0.6 respectively were considered to be the characteristics of an exudate. In the analysis of the results, specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive value, positive and negative likelihood ratio and accuracy were used.  The sensitivity and the specificity of the ratio of bilirubin in the pleural effusion to serum was measured to be 5.4% and 69.2% respectively, for pleural cholesterol as 81.5% and 66.6%, for the ratio of pleural cholestrol to serum as 87.2% and 68.6%, PPV as 87.2%, NPV as 68.4%, PLR as 2.75 and NLR as 0.18.  Thoroughly, the results of the ratio of Pleural cholestrol to that serum and pleural cholestrol, proned to have more diagnostic values than the bilirubin level in differentiating exudate from transudate.}, Keywords = {1) Pleural effusion 2) Transudate 3) Exudate 4) Bilirubin 5) Protein 6) Cholestrol}, volume = {8}, Number = {26}, pages = {419-422}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-374-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-374-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Naderian, M and Zadanfarrokh, H}, title = {ENDOSCOPIC COMPARISON OF THE LATERAL NASAL WALL IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC SINUSITIS AND NORMAL CADAVERS}, abstract ={Some sinonasal microanatomic variations can leads to chronic sinusitis. These variations are most commonly in middle meatus and narrow the ostiumeatal unit. In this study, we compared microanatomic variations of lateral nasal wall and sinuses between normal cadavers and patients with chronic sinusitis. This comparative-descriptive study was conducted between 50 sinonasal complexes. The results demonstrated higher prevalence of concha bullosa, medialized uncinate process, enlarged ethmoid bulla, S shape septal deviation and accessory ostium of maxillary sinus in chronic sinusitis patients. Onodi cells were more prevalent in cadavers. In conclusion, we considered “these anatomical variations are predisposing factors for chronic sinusitis}, Keywords = {1) Chronic Sinusitis 2) Lateral nasal wall 3) Concha bullosa 4) Uncinate process}, volume = {8}, Number = {26}, pages = {424-426}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-369-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-369-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Setarehshenas, R and Nejati, M.R}, title = {BILATERAL MALIGNANT BRENNER TUMOR OF OVARY: A CASE REPORT}, abstract ={The patient is a 48 years old woman who came to Hazrat Rasul-e Akram hospital with complaint of dyspnea from one month ago. In complete evaluation massive pleural effusion and bilateral abdominal mass was detected.    The patient has  been operated for bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pathologic diagnosis was malignant Brenner tumor.    Brenner tumor is an epithelial tumor of ovary that is classified as benign, proliferating or borderline and malignant according to histologic appearance. It account for 2-3percent of all ovarian neoplasms the malignant form is rare(2%). The average age of presentation is 60 year and the most common sign is unilateral abdominal mass.     The prognosis is poor and 56% of the patients will die whithin 3 years after diagnosis.}, Keywords = {1) Bilateral Ovary Tumor 2) Brenner Tumor}, volume = {8}, Number = {26}, pages = {428-430}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-377-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-377-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Mahmoudian, M and Rahbar, N and Hoormand, M and Ebrahimi, S.A and MadadkarSobhani, A}, title = {CYTOTOXICITY OF PEGANUM HARMALA L. SEEDS EXTRACT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH CONTENTS OF ß-CARBOLINE ALKALOIDS}, abstract ={  Peganum harmla L. (Zygophyllaceae) is one of the components of an ethnobotanical preparation used in the treatment of neoplasms in Iran. β -carboline alkaloids like harmaline and harmine are the major constituents of P. harmla L. seeds extract. MTT-colorimetric assay was used in this study to investigate cytotoxicity of P. harmala seeds extract and its β -carboline alkaloids against HFFF-P16, Hela and KB cell lines. In this method, the yellow tetrazolium salt MTT is converted by mitochondrial dehyrogenases of metabolically active cells to an insoluble purple formazan product. Absorbance of formazan after dissolving in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) can be measured at 570 nm. In cytotoxicity assays against HFFF-P16, Hela and KB cell lines, the order of potency was harmine>harmane>harmaline.extract. Harmine and harmaline content of the extract were determined using an HPTLC method and it appears that the biological activity of the extract can be explained by its harmine content.}, Keywords = {1) Cytotoxicity 2) MTT-Colorimetric Assay 3) β-Carbolines 4) Cancer Chemotherapy}, volume = {8}, Number = {26}, pages = {432-437}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-370-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-370-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Ahmadi, A.R and MollasadeghiRoknabadi, G and Noori, N and Shahmohammadi, A}, title = {EVALUATION OF THE SURGICAL OUTCOME OF THE CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE PATIENTS IN SHAHID RAJAI HOSPITAL: A TEN YEARS SURVEY}, abstract ={  Progress in application of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) give rises to significant decrease in morbidity and mortality, Although research in this subject in our conutry is restricted. We attemped to conform a survey in one of the important hospital for heart surgery. This survey will tend to overview the outcome of common procedures accomplished in this regard. In this survey which performed descriptive retrospectively for 7900 total operations, 1500 surgical operations randomly were selected. Information related to kinds of surgical operation and death were presented thereafter. Sample collection was randomly selected and spectrom of patients was from birthday to 18 years old. There was not sex prodominancy. CPB was applied for 60% of patients. The frequency of operations included PDA (D;L) 22%, total correction for TF 16.5%, systemic to pulmonary shunt 12.5%, ASD & VSD closure each 8%. Total mortality rate was 5.9%. Analysis of operated population showed that outcome of patients were improved 2-3 times in recent years. Since 1993 until now this achievement was more accelerated. After operation for complex cyanotic heart diseases, we concluded mortality and morbidity of patients were decreased prominantly due to better care of them in pediatric ICU, more experience and better equipments.}, Keywords = {1) Congenital Heart Diseases 2) Cardiac Surgery 3) Mortality and Morbidity}, volume = {8}, Number = {26}, pages = {439-443}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-371-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-371-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Nojomi, M and ShahradBejestani, H and Mosavi, S.M}, title = {STUDY OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THYROID HORMONES AND MORTALITY IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT ADMITTED PATIENTS}, abstract ={Some conditions and diseases such as renal and hepatic disorders, Diabetes mellitus and severe illnesses can vary thyroid hormones level. Patients in intensive care unit that most of them are ill and with various acute diseases are prone to these varations. In some studies, relation between these variations and prognosis was issued. This research was performed to investigate wether relation is between these variations and mortality in ICU.     For reaching to our object, we studied 100 patients who admitted in ICU in 3 months of autumn in 1999. The type of the study was cross-sectional. Level of TSH, total T4 and free T3 hormones are measured.     From 100 patients, 64% were alive, 36% were died and 32% were with sick euthyroid syndrome. The results indicate that there is not significant association between thyroid hormones level variations (sick euthyroid syndrome) and mortality in ICU. }, Keywords = {1) Thyroid hormones 2) Sick Euthyroid Syndrome 3) ICU 4) Mortality}, volume = {8}, Number = {26}, pages = {445-448}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-361-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-361-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Arab, M.R and TlaiiKhouzani, T and Fazel, A.R}, title = {STUDY OF CELL SURFACE AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX SUGARS CHANGES DURING LENS DEVELOPMENT}, abstract ={  Lens development requires precise interaction between cranial surface ectoderm, Neuroectoderm and interposed mesenchyme. Cell surface glycoconjugate and extracellular matrix govern lens morphogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence and distribution of Glycoconjugate and extracellular matrix components.   Embryos from day 11-20 of gestation from whistar rat were cellected. Vaginal plug recognized as embryonic day of zero of gestation. Paraffin blocks were cutted serially and histochemical staining (H;E, PAS/Alcian Blue, PH=2.5 and trichrome) and lectin histochemistry (PNA,BSA1-B4,S/PNA) were carried out. PNA and BSA1-B4 lectins shows Gal/Galnac and D-Gal in lens fibers respectively. Application of sialidase enzyme did not show any increase of reactivity of lens fibers to PNA. Histochemical staining showed the presence of Acidophilic material and neutral Glycosaminoglycans in lens stroma and lens capsule respectivelly. It seems that extracellular matirx and cell surface Glycoconjugates changes synchronous with development.}, Keywords = {1) Lens 2) Lectin 3) Extracellular Matrix 4) Sugar 5)Glycoconjugate}, volume = {8}, Number = {26}, pages = {450-455}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-366-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-366-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Safaeian, R and Mozaffari, M}, title = {EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SEDATION ON THE SATISFACTION LEVEL OF THE PATIENTS WHO ANESTHETIZE REGIONALLY IN GYNECOLOGIC SURGERIES}, abstract ={ To evaluate the satisfaction level from regional anesthesia on female patients, 120 patients was admitted to a randomized control study in Shahid Akbar Abadi hospital. In first group after inducing regional anesthesia, patients were administered sedative drug and in second group they received placebo. Patient satisfaction were 85% in sedated group and 67% in nonsedated group(P=0.018).}, Keywords = {1) Regional Anesthesia 2) Sedation 3) Satisfaction}, volume = {8}, Number = {26}, pages = {457-460}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-376-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-376-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Mirnateghi, A.M and Yonesi, M and Farzaneh, S.H}, title = {LOW GRADE ENDOMETRIAL SARCOMA: A CASE REPORT}, abstract ={In this case report we presented a 37 year-old woman with history of total abdominal hystrectomy, five years ago (1996) due to abnormal uterine bleeding and intrauterine mass, with histopathologic diagnosis of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. There is no history of further adjuvant therapy. Then (five years later) the patient presented with a protruded vaginal mass, and in laparatomy multiple solid masses are observed in pelvic floor with extension to vaginal cuff and anterior portion of peritoneum. The masses are excised. The histopathologic diagnosis is recurrence of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. }, Keywords = {1) Intrauterine mass 2) Abnormal Uterine Bleeding 3) Endometrial stromal sarcoma }, volume = {8}, Number = {26}, pages = {462-465}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-379-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-379-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Tabatabai, A and Poureslami, M and Shamshiri, A.R and Moshir, M}, title = {PREVALANCE RATE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF YEAST INFECTION IN PATIENTS VISITING THE DERMATOLOGY CLINIC OF HAZRAT RASUL-E AKRAM HOSPITAL}, abstract ={ The purpose of this investigation was to survey the epidemiological and other contributing factors on the establishment of fungal infections among patients visiting Hazrat Rasul-e Akram Hospital in Tehran. Five hundred patients suspected of having fungal skin infections were referred to the mycology lab and the specific fungal etiology was determined by both culture methods as well as slide culture observation.  We were able to isolate a total of 253 fungi which included 51.4% dermatophytes, 20.1% Erythrasma, 18.6% candidiasis, 8.3% pityriasis versicolor and 1.6% nail Aspergillus.   Dermatophytes consisted the most common etiologic agent ( Χ 2 =185, P<0.001), and the most common loci of infection in both sexes were groin(26.4% in male and 54.7% in females)(P<0.001, Χ 2 =29 and Χ 2 =178.2 respectively). Epidermophyton flucosum was the most common dermatophyte isolated ( Χ 2 =33.7, P<0.001) and its source was either from the pelvic region or the feet.   There was also a higher prevalence of fungal infections among those above 40 years of age (46.2%) ( Χ 2 =164, P<0.001).}, Keywords = {1) Dermatomycoses 2) Tinea 3) Tricophyton 4) Prevalence}, volume = {8}, Number = {26}, pages = {466-470}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-363-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-363-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Noorbakhsh, S and Shenasa, S and RafeeNejad, M}, title = {DETERMINATION OF PENICILLIN RESISTANT PNEUMOCOCCUS COLONIZATION IN CHILDREN WHOM STAY IN DAY CARE CENTERS DURING 1996-1997}, abstract ={ Streptococcus pneumonia is one of the most common pathogens in the humaun beings, specially in childhood. Knowing of it’s “Antibiotic resistance” is very important for antibiotic administration by medical persons. Between 1996-1997 nasopharyngeal culture has been done in 170 healthy child whom stayed in day care centers. Of 170, 51/8% (mean age=3.98years) were female and 48.2% (mean age=3.99years) were male. No different results were seen between sex. Group D Streptococcus(GDS) in 60% (mean age=4.069years), Group A Streptococcus(GAS) in 32.5% (mean age=4.098years), S.pneumonia in 2.5% (mean age=4.5years), H.inf in 0.6% (mean age=2years) of children were isolated. All of S.pneumonia were resistant to Penicillin and Ampicillin, but all of them were sensitive to Erythromycin, Co-trimoxazol, Chloramphenicol, Cephalothin, Ciprofloxacin and Vancomycin. Probably, S.pneumonia which colonized these child was not highly resistant to penicillin but was intermediate resistant.}, Keywords = {1) Streptococcus 2) Nasopharyngeal Colonization 3) Penicillin resistant pneumococcus }, volume = {8}, Number = {26}, pages = {472-478}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-362-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-362-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Homayounfar, H and Zarindast, M.R and JamalyRaeoufy, N}, title = {EFFECT OF ADENOSINE RECEPTOR AGONIST AND ANTAGONIST ON NICOTINE INDUCED ANTINOCICEPTION IN MICE}, abstract ={In this study analgesia induced by different dosages of nicotine was examined on mice. Nicotine with different dosages (0.1, 0.01, 0.001 mg/kg) was injected by intraperitoneal manner. Formalin test was then performed after ten minutes. Nicotine caused both acute and chronic phase analgesia with all dosages. We used, but the most analgesic dose was 0.1 mg/kg. Theophyline is an adenosin receptor antagonist, wich induces analgesia with low dasages (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) but not at higher dasages (40, 50 mg/kg). On the other hand, theophyline reduces the level of analgesia induced by nicotine. Furthermore NECA, an adenosine receptor agonist, causes not only analgesia, but also augments the analgesic effect of nicotine. Thus, we concluded that adenosine has some roles on analgesic effects of nicotine.}, Keywords = {1) Analgesia 2) Nicotine 3) Theophyline 4) NECA 5) Formaline test}, volume = {8}, Number = {26}, pages = {480-486}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-367-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-367-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {EhteshamiAfshar, A and Zahmatkesh, M.M and Mirabzadeh, A}, title = {INTRODUCING TWO CASES OF FACTITIOUS DISORDER WITH SAME PULMONARY PRESENTATION}, abstract ={INTRODUCING TWO CASES OF FACTITIOUS DISORDER WITH SAME PULMONARY PRESENTATION ABSTRACT Organic presentation is the main complain in psychiatric disorders which represent in different features, symptoms like shortness of breath and chronic cough are common when patient complication of pulmonary problems. One of the psychiatric disorder which presents with organic problems is factitious disorder. In this disorder patient complain about some organic dysfunctions that are voluntary but unconsciously. Patient tries to deceive the physician and his or her relatives without any obvious and recognazible to assume the sick role.In this article we introduce two cases with chief complaint of hemoptysis that we found production of this physical sign was intentional and the motivation for the behavior is to assume the sickrole. The diagnosis of these two patients was factitious disorder with prodominantly physical signs and symptoms.}, Keywords = { 1) Hemoptysis 2) Factitious disorder 3) Pulmonary presentation }, volume = {8}, Number = {27}, pages = {515-521}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-397-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-397-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Afshar, M}, title = {INFANT WITH HYDANTOIN SYNDROME DUE TO PRENATAL PHENOBARBITAL EXPOSURE}, abstract ={I ABSTRACT Phenobarbital is a drug of barbiturates class that it’s Anticonvulsant and sedative effects has been caused it’s widely. Usage in nervous system diseases espicially epilepsy. The epileptic pregnant women who taking this drug maybe bear neonates with congenital malformation e.g:hypoplasia or occasionally aplasia of finger - and toenails and distal phalanges, cleft lip, cleft palate and cardiac malformation. Phenytoin is another antiepileptic drugs that teratogenic effects was better known than the phenobarbital as a “Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome”. This report was focused on the infant whose epileptic mother’s consumed phenobarbital during pregnancy. The infant had palatine and labial cleft associated with low set ears, ear deformity, ocular hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, short neck. Most of this anomallies was seen in Fetal Hydantoin syndrome.}, Keywords = {1) Phenobarbital 2) Phenytoin 3) Palatine cleft 4) Labial celft 5) Epilepsy }, volume = {8}, Number = {27}, pages = {523-528}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-396-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-396-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {AarabiMoghadam, M.Y and Rajaee, Sh and Samadi, M}, title = {A CASE REPORT OF ONDINES CURSE}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Pulmonary hypertension is one of the causes of cyanosis in children. Pulmonary hypertention may be primary or secondary. Etiology of secondery PH are variable and one of them is pulmonary ventilation abnormality. One of the rare causes of secondary PH is congenital central hypoventilation syndrome or ondines curse. The patient was 6 years old boy presented with easy fatigability and mild cyanosis. Evaluation of the patient showed pulmonary hypertension and ondines curse was considered.}, Keywords = { 1)Ondines curse 2)Pulmonary hypertention 3) Congenital central hypoventilation syndrom}, volume = {8}, Number = {27}, pages = {529-534}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-395-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-395-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Baghdadchi, J and Amani, R and KhajehMugahi, N}, title = {ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF BREAKFAST ON CONCENTRATION SPAN SHORT-TERM MEMORY OF SCHOOL CHILDREN}, abstract ={ABSTRACT The main objective of the research was evaluation of the effects of breakfast on attention and short-term memory of 8-years old school children. The study design was randomized controlled trial (RCT) which is done in a cross-over frame. 38 school children divided into two groups randomly and group one was given a standard breakfast (as 20% of RDA for energy in this age) at 8:00 AM. Before and one hour after breakfast pre-and post test of arithmetic and vocabulary tests were performed. At phase 2 of study (after two days), by crossing over the groups new tests were given and results analysed. All individual characteristics such as anthropometric, socio-economic, parents and teacher’s opinion about children activity and school performances, and school average scores were obtained. Results indicate that both attention ability and short-term memory scores of subjects have elevated at least 2 scores (P<0.05) in breakfast group, but in other group memory test failed, although decrement was not significant. Because of similarity of both groups, we suggest that the promotion of scores is due to consumption of breakfast.}, Keywords = { 1) Breakfast 2) Attention 3) Short-term memory 4) School children}, volume = {8}, Number = {27}, pages = {535-539}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-382-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-382-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Bazzazi, H and Fateminasab, F.D and Entezami, K and Salekmoghaddam, A.R and Shahghasempour, SH}, title = {EXPRESSION OF HLA CLASS-IA ON TUMOR CELL LINES AND THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO NK CELL}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Natural Killer cells (NKs), are considered an important first line of defence and were originally defined by their ability to kill certain tumor cells and virally infected cells. Our aim is to study expression of HLA class-Ia on tumor cell lines and their susceptibility of NK cells. In this study MDA-MB-468 tumor cell line (NCB1, C208) That derived from human breast adenocarcinoma, is selected as a model which expresses total alleles of HLA class I. To test HLA class I expression, we used the F.I.T.C conjugatedm Ab W6/32 which recognize assembled HLA-A, B and C locus products. Surface expression of HLA class I on the cell line are determined with single- color flowcytometry analysis. NK cells are obtained from PBL of healthy donors. Results of our study indicate that expression of HLA class I molecules on MDA- MB- 468 Tumor cell line are increased after IFN-γ Treatment. Cytolytic activity of NK cells have direct correlation (r =1) with up- regulation of HLA class I expression on the MDA- MB- 468 tumor cell line. Therefore, on the basis of this results, we suggest that, on the surface of NK cells may exsist activating receptors that recognize allogenic HLA class I molecules and/or non HLA class I ligand that is upregulated by IFN- & treatment, and cause lysis of target cells.}, Keywords = { 1) Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) 2) Natural killer cell (NK) 3) Tumor cell line (TCL) 4) Monoclonal Antibody (m AB) 5) Major Histo compatibility complex (MHC) }, volume = {8}, Number = {27}, pages = {541-547}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-387-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-387-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Jalali, S.A and Jalali, S.M and Shishineh, P}, title = {SEGMENTAL INFARCTION OF OMENTUM: A CASE REPORT}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Primary or spontaneous infarction of omentum is a rare disease producing acute abdominal condition. This is due to vascular changes in circulation of greater omentum. Infarction can be caused by torsion of omentum around the adhesion band following an operation, or it can occur spontaneously without an adhesion and operation. Rarely this condition is not due to torsion and is spontaneous without any visible cause at operation. In either cases the signs and symptoms of an acute abdomen is produced. Our case was an idiopathic segmental infarction of omentum which is much rare compared with 2 other causes of omental infarction. Less than 150 cases of idiopathic segmental infarction of omentum has been reported after its first presentation in almost 100 years ago. The importance of this disease is in differential diagnosis of acute appendecitis which is indistinguishable before surgery. At laparotomy the appendix is normal and variable amounts of serosanguinous fluid is present in peritoneal cavity and a segment of greater omentum is infarcted. Our case was a 37-year-old overweight male with a spontaneous segmental infarction of greater omentum. Suggested surgical treatment is appendectomy and resection of the necrotic segment of omentum.}, Keywords = {1) Segmental infarction of omentum 2) Omentum 3) Omental Necrosis}, volume = {8}, Number = {27}, pages = {549-553}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-392-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-392-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Nikeghbali, A and Soltansangari, M and Saleheyan, P and Rafati, A}, title = {COMPARISON OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF POVIDONE IODINE AND NORMAL SALIN ON CONJUNCTIVAL NORMAL FLOARA OF EYES UNDERWENTING INTRAOCULAR SURGERY IN RASOOL AKRAM HOSPITAL. ONE YEAR SURVEY}, abstract ={ABSTRACT This prospective study has been performed to compare antimicrobial effect of Povidone lodine (PVI) and Normal Saline (N/S) on conjunctival flora by washing the culdesac before starting intraocular surgery in Rasool-Akram Hospital from July 1999 to July 2000. 100 eyes that underwent intraocular surgery were included for this study randomly (67 cases cataract surgery and 33 cases vitrectomy). From each eye in 2 phases specimens were taken and cultured in blood agar, Macconkey agar, sabouraud dextrose agar & thioglycollate medias. In first stage before prep & drep specimen was taken & then culdesac washed by 10cc N/S or 10cc 5% PVI for 1 minut in each group respectively. Second specimen was taken at the end of the operation. Culture specimen were studied and reported by microbiologist results classified and underwent statistical analysis by X2 tests. Microorganisms grew up from 85% of 1 st stage culture and it was staph epidermidis mainly. Overall use of PVI has decreased growth of microorganism significantly in comparision to N/S (76.2% in PVI group versus 46.5% in N/S group). In cataract surgery group there was no significant difference between PVI and N/S (75% versus, 55.2% respectively) but in vitrectomy group this difference was significant (78.6% versus, 28.6% respectively P=0.021). If operation time was longer than 2 hours there was significant difference (75% in PVI group versus 35.3% in N/S group) between N/S and PVI groups (P=0.037). PVI is safe, cheep, available, with least side effects and has good bactericidal effect if used for culdesac washing at the begining of intraocular surgeries, especially if operation time takes longer than 2 hours.}, Keywords = { 1) Povidon Iodine (PVI) 2) Conjunctival washing 3) Intraocular surgery 4)Conjunctival normal flora}, volume = {8}, Number = {27}, pages = {549-655}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-383-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-383-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Khosravi, N and ArabmohamdHoseini, A}, title = {EFFECTS OF ORAL GENTAMICIN IN THE PREVENTATION OF NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IN PRETERM INFANTS}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Necrotizing enterocolitis is the most common acquired life threating intestinal disease in the neonates. This disease affects predominately preterm infants (less than 37 weeks gestational age). The pathogenesis of NEC is unknown predisposing. Risk factors for NEC include: lschemia, Hypotension, RDS (Respiratory distress syndrom), umbilical artery catheterization, Hypothermia, patent ductus arteriosus- early entral alimentation and infection. Clinical manifestation of NEC include: Feeding intolerance, delayed gastric emptying time, Abdominal distension tenderness, Occult blood or bloody stools, lethargy, Apnea-Respiratory distress. In progressive stage, Acidosis, shock, Bactremia and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were occured. Studied that the infection is an important ethiology of NEC,and studied effects of prophylactic oral antibiotic therapy in prevention of NEC in preterm infants, with different results. So we studied the effect of prophylactic oral Gentamicin in NEC in AliAsghar hospital on 40 preterm neonates with history of fetal distress, respiratory distress syndrome or postnatal asphyxia and umbilical artery catheterization, Hypothermia, PDA, early entral alimentation and infections. This was a clinical trial study. The 40 preterm infants with history of risk factors divided in 2 groups.(each groups 20 infants). 20 neonates were randomized selected for remedy with 5 mg/kg/day BD oral gentamicin with density 2.5 mg/ml in DW 5% for 21 days. The same as equievalent density volum of DW 5% has been given to the control group. Clinical diagnosis of NEC was based on the blood or occult blood in stool, abdominal distention, Radiologic evidence include existance of pnumatosis intestinalis and intestinal marginal edema. In controlled group (20 neonates), 5 neonates affected NEC: These were 2 (25%) of them died. In exprimental group (20 neonates), 3 neonates (15%) affected NEC that 3 of them died. At the base of this study useage of oral gentamicin had positive effects in prevention of NEC in preterm infants.}, Keywords = {1) Necrotizing enterocolitis 2) Gentamicin 3) Preterm infant}, volume = {8}, Number = {27}, pages = {555-561}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-398-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-398-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Daneshi, A and Mohamadi, SH and Emamgomeh, H and Mohamadi, SH and forotan, A.R}, title = {THE STUDY OF ELECTROCOCHLEOGRAPHY AND ABR IN 100 PATIENT WITH MENIER’S DISEASE IN HAZRAT RASOUL HOSPITAL, 1998-2000}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Menier’s disease or Idiopatic endolymphatic hydrops is a disorder of the inner ear associated with a symptom complex consist of spontaneous, episodic attacks of vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss that usually fluctuates, tinnitus and often a sensation of aural fullness. The pathologic basis of disease is a disorder of the membranous labyrenth, due to endolymphatic hydrops. Acute attacks typically last from minutes to hours but symptom of dysequilibrium and unsteadiness may persist for several days. Electrocochleography or recording the electrical activity of cochlea and auditory nerve is a useful test about the function of inner ear. Audiotory Brain stem Response (ABR) is representing the activity of the some part of auditory pathway, that is useful undiagnosis of cochlear disorder. In this study we consider the electrocochleography and ABR changes in 100 patients with Menier’s disease. There is increased of SP/AP in 67% of cases and in 54% of patients.}, Keywords = { 1) Menier’s disease 2) Electrocochleography 3) SP/AP 4) ABR }, volume = {8}, Number = {27}, pages = {563-566}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-399-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-399-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Zirak, A and Nobackt, M and Mehdizadeh, M}, title = {THE TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF RETINOIC ACID ON DEVELOPMENT OF LUMBOSACRAL OF NEURAL TUBE IN MOUSE}, abstract ={ABSTRACT The present study has been investigated the teratogenic effects of retinoic acid (RA) on development of neural tube in mice. We has studied the effects of teratogenic retinoic acid on central nervous system development, because use of RA in drug-compositions and significance of this system . For teratogenic studies, after natural mating, pregnant mice were divided into a intact group, control group and two experimental groups. On the 8th day of gestation, the pregnant mice were given DMSO and RA in DMSO intraperitoneally in a dose of 40 or 60 mg/kg of body weight. Embryos were then isolated at 10th day of gestation and evaluated for macroscopic (apparent form, size and number of embryos), microscopic (neuroepithelial cells changes) and morphometric characteristics. The results show that RA cause craniofacial anomallies, decrease of size and the number of embryos of experimental groups which has a direct relation with the higher dose of this substance. Some cases show unfused neural folds in the dose of 40 mg/kg, but in the dose of 60 mg/kg this anomally is found in all the cases. Changes of neuroepithelial cells and disorganization enhance with the increase of dose. As a whole, doses of 40 and 60 mg/kg, cause disorganization and qualitative changes and also, delay the process of neural tube development .}, Keywords = { 1) Mice 2) Retinoic Acid 3) Development of Naral tube}, volume = {8}, Number = {27}, pages = {567-573}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-380-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-380-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Setarehshenas, R and Ebrahimi, M and Farshidpour, M}, title = {EXTRAMEDULLARY PLASMACYTOMA IN HEAD AND NECK, A CASE REPORT}, abstract ={ABSTRACT The Patient is a 58 years old woman who admitted in Hazrat-Rasoul Akram Hospital because of enlargement of anterior of neck and signs of upper respiratory tract obstruction. By X-Ray, sonography and C-T scanning, a mass in pararetropharyngeal region (4.5×10 cm) was detected. After FNA and biopsy, plasmacytoma was suggested which confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. This uncommon case should be controlled and even cured by proper diagnosis and radiotherapy.}, Keywords = {1) Extramedullary plasmacytoma 2) Head and neck tumor 3) Upper respiratory tract obstruction }, volume = {8}, Number = {27}, pages = {575-579}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-381-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-381-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {FallahTafti, S and ManiKashani, KH and Khatibian, P}, title = {THE EVALUATION OF THE VAREINT DRUGS TAKEN BY HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN HAMEDAN CITY IN THE YEAR OF 2000}, abstract ={ABSTRACT The significant variation of Antihypertensive drugs and also in extensive clinical studies has led to different ideas about administration of these drugs.In such conditions the acceptability of therapeutic schedulls by the patient considering either the cost or side effects, physician’s ideas and underlying diseases are of the factors which can influence the suitable drug.The objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of such factors such as age, sex , underlying diseases and the physician’s speciality on this choice. In order to achieve this purpose, 38 general physicians, Internists and cardiologists were chosen to accomplish a discriptive and cross-sectional, stratified-random study. The required data of the sheet forms about antihypertensive Drug were fulled by the physicians the collected data from 400 pateints had been analysed in the basis of the goals and the aid of the descriptive statistics. Results of this study on 400 cases showed that blockers are the commonest drugs being used in %48 of cases and the ACE inhibitors for patient with underlying problems these observation indicated that the adminsteration of these drugs compatible with the suggestion pattern of the international advisor committes.}, Keywords = {1) Hypertension 2) Antihypertensive agents 3) Utilization }, volume = {8}, Number = {27}, pages = {581-587}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-393-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-393-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Firoozrai, M and Abasian, S}, title = {STUDY OF SERUM LIPID AND LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death among non-insulin dependant diabetic (NIDDM) Patients. One of risk factor for CAD in dyslipidemia. In regards to high prevalence of NIDDM and CAD among our people, in the present study, levels of lipids and lipoproteins in two groups of patients, CAD+/NIDDM+ group and CAD+/NIDDM- group, were evaluated and compared. The study contained 50 NIDDM patients with CAD by coronary angiography (CAD+/NIDDM+ group) and 50 patients with CAD but without NIDDM (CAD+/NIDDM- group). The study also included a control group without CAD and NIDDM (CAD-/NIDDM- group)comprised 30 healthy subjects. The concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride and HDL-c in serum were measured by an enzymatic colorimetric assay using an automated analyzer. Serum lipids and lipoproteins were not significantly different in CAD+/NIDDM+ group as compared to CAD+/NIDDM- group. Serum HDL-c was decreased in CAD+/NIDDM+ group compared to the healthy sabjects (P<0.01). We observed the significant increase in TC/HDL-c and LDL-c/HDL-c ratios in CAD+/NIDDM+ and CAD+/NIDDM- groups compared to healthy subjects. In conclusion, we have shown no significant differences in serum lipids and lipoproteins in diabetic patients with CAD compared to non-diabetic patients with CAD, therefor, dyslipidemia does not appear to be correlated with CAD in diabetic patients. However, serum levels of HDL-c and TC/HDL-c and LDL-c/HDL-c ratios in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with CAD were significantly different compared to those of healthy subjects. These results show the importance of these factors as markers for monitoring the progression of CAD.}, Keywords = { 1) Coronary artery disease 2) Type 2 diabetes mellitus 3) Serum Lipids 4) Serum Lipoproteins }, volume = {8}, Number = {27}, pages = {589-595}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-388-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-388-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Ghahramani, SH and Bolukani, SH}, title = {SURVEY OF VALUABILITY OF SONOGRAPHIC GALL BLADDER WALL PATTERNS IN DIFFERENTIATING CIRRHOTIC FROM MALIGNANT ASCITES}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Among the causes of ascites, there is two kinds, including cirrhotic and malignant ascites that conventional diagnostic method for them is Paracentesis. This method is invasive and time consuming, however sonography is an easy and available method for providing valuable results in a short period of time. The aim of this study is survey of valuability of gallbladder wall sonography in discrimination between cirrhotic and malignant ascites. During the period of 1.5 years, from the patients with complaint of cirrhotic and malignant ascites, who refered to educational hospitals of Iran university we selected 50 patients and gallbladder wall thickness and patterns in them were studied. In all cirrhotic patients, gallbladder wall thickness was more than 5mm, and in 69% of them the wall was thick and Double layered, and in 31% the wall was thick and single layered, However in 71% of patients with malignancy, gallbladder wall thickness was normal. The result of this study was: The use of Sonographic gallbladder wall thickness and patterns as a predictor of cirrhotic and malignant ascites has a significant sensitivity and specificity.}, Keywords = { 1) Ascites 2) cirrhosis 3) malignancy 4) sonographic gallbladder wall patterns}, volume = {8}, Number = {27}, pages = {597-601}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-384-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-384-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Kamalipour, H and Kazemi, A.P and Hosseini, F}, title = {STUDY OF COMPARISON OF DENTAL INJURIES DURING ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION BETWEEN STANDARD AND MODIFIED MACINTOSH LARYNGOSCOPE}, abstract ={ABSTRACT The Macintosh Laryngoscope has proved itself over half a century and is still one of the most popular laryngoscopes. Even in experienced hands, however, complications can occur notably damage to the maxillary incisors. Damage to teeth is reported to be the most common single reason for complaints against anesthesiologists. Dental injuries could be caused by friction or by contact of the upper teeth with a hard blade during a rigid laryngoscopy there are three major groups of causative factors 1- unfavorable patient anatomy, 2-the skill of the laryngoscopist, 3-the designof the laryngoscope blade. Generally a combination of these factors is responsible. We modified macintosh laryngoscope for redution of dental complication when the optimum visibility of the glottis was obtained.100 elective surgical patients scheduled for general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, were enrolled in this study. After induction, they were intubated using both the modified and standard macintosh laryngoscope. The distance between the blade and the upper central incisors was measured when the optimum visibility of the glottis was obtained. The visibility was determined according to the Cormack-Lehane grading. All laryngoscopies were performed by the same anesthesiologist. If a spo2 value decreased to less than 90% the measurment of the blade-tooth distance was to be interrupted temporarily while the patients was further ventilatd with 02 100%. Visibility in standard blade were, grade 1=84%, grade 2=11%, grade 3=5% and grade 4=0, and for modified blade were, grade1=38%, grade 2=44%, grade 3=18% and grade 4=0. The first intubation attempt was successful in 72pt (72%) of the modified blade group and in all patients of the standard blade group. The modification resulted in reduction of the forces and damage on the teeth but increased of the laryngoscopic view, also, the modification resulted in reduction of the success of intubation. These results suggest that laryngoscope blade with low proximal step, might be less traumatic than blade in which proximal step is high.}, Keywords = { 1) Moified macintosh laryngoscope 2) Tooth injary 3) Complication of Endotracheal intubation }, volume = {8}, Number = {27}, pages = {603-607}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-390-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-390-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Larijani, T and Mirzaei, A and Haghighi, L}, title = {CONSIDERATION OF THE FETAL AGE ON THE BASIS OF THE FEMUR LENGTH MEASURMENT IN THE EDUCATIONAL AND THERAPEUTICAL CENTER AFFILIATED TO IRAN UNIVERSITY: ONE YEAR SURVAY}, abstract ={ABSTRACT The selection of this subject is, because of the importance of determination of fetal age for evaluation of the fetal growth and preventing of complication due to preterm delivery, prolonged pregnancy and the absent of the complete conforming of refrence table in this case is by the measure of Iranian fetus, particular in the third trimester. This study which is descriptive and prospective, it has exactly been done for one year in 817 pregnancies (in the second and third trimester) by certain date LMP (last menstrual period). In this study the femur length was measured by real time sonography system by 3/5-5 MHZ probe and then the fetal age was calculated by the use of LMP, then the central indexes and dispersion of obtained data was calculated, and the final forcasting fetal age, was used based on the obtained measures from the way of linear regression statistical and at last the obtained results was compared with Hadlock study result. The obtained results contain the femur length in the fetus of this study is compatible with study of hadlock to 22 week and shorter than fetus under studying of Hadlock from 22 week to term. In attention to the above findings, it is suggested to use of the obtained table from this study to determain Iranian fetus age.}, Keywords = { 1) Femur length (FL) 2) Fetal age 3) Gestational age}, volume = {8}, Number = {27}, pages = {609-613}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-385-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-385-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Mahlooji, KH}, title = {RESULTS OF 3 YEARS STUDY OF PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN ADMITTING IN HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER OF ALI ASGHAR}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are a leading cause of childhood illness and death. In most countries, ARI occurs more frequently than other acute illnesses, including diarrhea and tropical disease. WHO estimates that in 1990, ARI caused 4.3 million death in this age group. Pneumonia is responsible for the majority of these deaths. The type and severity of the illness are influenced by several factors including age, season of the year, immune status of the host and Enviromental factors. Most cases of pneumonia are caused by microorganisms but a number of noninfectious causes sometimes, need to be considered, these non infectious causes include but are not limited to aspiration of food or gastric acid, foreign bodies, hypersensitivity reactions, and drug induced pneumonitis. This study was done retrospectively by the study of case records during 1990-1993. 457 cases were hospitalized with primary diagnosis of pneumonia. Diagnosis was made by physical examination, result of chest radiography and culture of blood, urine, and respiratory tract secretions. Description of cases: Of 457 cases that met the criteria for inclusion, age distribution: 0-3 month 147 cases, 4 month-5years 266 cases and 6-16 years 44 cases. Sex distribution male 273 cases, female 184 cases. 30 cases were hospitalized with recrrent pneumonia, in 14 cases there were no definitive cause and in others, asthma, cerebral palsy, gastroesophageal reflux, foreign body, lymphoblastic leukemia esophageal atresia and convulsion were found. the symptoms of the disease by their prevalence were as follows: cough, increased respiratory rate per minute, respiratory distress, poor feeding, vomiting, lethargy and cyanosis. Growth & development. 75% of patients had some degrees of FTT. Temperature. 58.5% of patients had high temperature. Respiratory Rate per minute was increased in 80.1%. Lab test: ESR was elevated in 66%., Bandemia were seen in 147 cases, and cultures were positive in 78 cases asfollow: blood culture in 24 cases, urine in 24 cases, CSF in 9 cases, eye, ear, pustules, respiratory secretions and stool culture in 21 cases were positive. ABG was done and 37 cases had hypoxia and 39 cases had metabolic acidosis. The results of chest radiography finding was diffuse infiltration in all three age groups. Antibiotic treatment was done in 373 cases, and duration of treatment was equal or less than 14 days in (95.7%), and more than 14 days in (4.3%). Mortality rate of pneumonia in this study was 31 cases (7%) because of young age and FTT. As life threatening lower respiratory tract infections do occur especially among infants younger than three months and those with underling conditions such as FTT (that were seen in this study), With appropriate antibiotic therapy instituted early in the course of the illness the mortality rate during infancy and childhood can be reduced.}, Keywords = {ARI(Acute Respiratory Infection) 2) Pneumonia 3) Mortality Rate of Pneumonia}, volume = {8}, Number = {27}, pages = {615-621}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-389-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-389-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {MalakanRad, A and Momtazmanesh, N}, title = {STUDY OF CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH MAJOR THALASSEMIA IN KASHAN, DURING 1999-2000}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Due to the frequency of major thalassemia in our country and cardiac complications secondry to iron overload as one of the most important causes of death in these patients and the absence of any similar study in this region (Kashan city), we studied the cardiac complications in patients with major thalassemia in Kashan in 1999 and 2000. A prospective descriptive study was performed on seventeen patients with major thalassemia. All patients underwent a thorough noninvasive cardiovascular investigation including history taking, physical examination, electrocardiography (ECG), chest roentgenography (CXR) and complete two-dimensional, color M-Mode Doppler echocardiography. Arterial blood pressure and indices of diastolic function by Doppler echocardiography were measured in seventeen age and sex-matched healthy individuals as control group. The obtained data were recorded and standard deviation was calculated. P value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. A study was carried out on seventeen patients (including eleven male and six female) with the age range of 18 months to 25 years old (mean 14 years). Weakness and easy fatiguabiltiy were the most common complaints in the history of patients. In all patients arterial blood pressure was between the 5% and 25% for height, sex and age (significantly lower than the control group) ECG and cardiac size in CXR were normal in 82% and 76% of patients respectively. Abnormal findings in the ECG included left ventricular hypertrophy in two patients and first degree atrioventericular block (not present in the ECG of the same patient at six months ago) in one of the cases. Diastolic and systolic dysfunction were observed in 82% and 11% of cases respectively, by echocardiography. Diastolic dysfunction occurs earlier than systolic dysfunction in patients with major thalassemia and electrocardiography and chest X-Ray are not sensitive tools for early detection of diastolic dysfunction in these patients. Echocardiogarphy is the best noninvasive means for evaluation of ventricular function particularly diastolic function and is recommended for early detection of cardiac complications in these patients.}, Keywords = {1) Major thalassemia 2) Systolic dysfunction 3) Diastolic dysfunction 4) Echocardiography.}, volume = {8}, Number = {27}, pages = {623-631}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-394-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-394-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Nojomi, M and Ashrafi, M and Koohpayehzadeh, J}, title = {STUDY OF COUPLES INFERTILITY IN THE WEST OF TEHRAN, IN THE YEAR OF 2000}, abstract ={ABSTRACT To study the prevalence of infertility, both primary and secondary, also outcome of pregnancy and uptake of medical services about that and some demographic factors in a given population of women. An interview-questionnaire survey of 1200 married women in the age group 40-50 who lived in the west of Tehran. Method of women selection was stratified random sampling. 26 questionnaire excluded because of incorrectly completed. Therefore response rate was 98%. The type of study was cross-sectional. Analysis of data performed by SPSS. Among the 1174 women contacted, 87.3% reported no difficulties in having children. 98 (8.3%) women had primary infertility and 43(3.7%) had secondary infertility (definition of one year). In total 98 (8.3%) women with primary infertility, 80(6.8%) eventually conceived. Of the 43 (3.7%) with secondary infertility only 33(2.8%) conceived. Overall 49(4.2%) of the population were left with an unresolved problem of infertility. Only 63% infertile women had made use of specialist and 7% did not seek medical services. Between use of medical services and occupation and literacy of women were not significant difference. The prevalence of infertility was 12%, although 2/3 of these women eventually conceived. Primary infertility was more common that secondary infertility and only 63% of infertile women attended specialist services.}, Keywords = { 1) Infecundity 2) Primary and secondary infertility 3) Medical services use}, volume = {8}, Number = {27}, pages = {633-639}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-391-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-391-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Noorbakhsh, C and Rimaz, S and Agahosaini, F}, title = {STUDY OF CLINICAL COURSE AND COMPLICATION OF MUMPS MENINGOENCEPHALITIS IN CHILDREN WHOM ADMITTED PEDIATRICS WARD OF RASOOL AKRAM AND FIROOZ ABADI HOSPITAL, A TWO YEAR SURVEY}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Due to high prevalance of mumps infection in Iran, (in results of no routine vaccination of children with mumps vaccine) and sequale of its that mostly manifestes as meningoencephalitis (M,E) for detection of ferequancy, clinical course and complication of mumps meningo encephalitis in children less than 15 years this longitudinal study was done in mumps meningoencephalitis patients whom admited in pediatric ward of Rasool Akram & Firroz Abadi Hospital in 1995-1997. These patients grouped in Benign and malignant group regard to duration of hospital stay and complication. 70% of all grouped in benign form M.E, that discharged without sequle in 5 th day of admission, Remanant of patients(30%) grouped as malignant M.E, died (1 case) or discharged after 5 days and with sequles (Recurrent convulsion, hydrocephallus, cerebellitis, facial palsy, sensory neural hearing, changes loss…). These two groups compared for age, sex,season, positive CSF findings. Mean age of patients was higher in malignant form than benign form of M.E.Two form of M.E were seen in spring season. Benign form of M.E were higher in spring and summer, but malignant M.E were equal in winter and spring, No cases of malignant form were seen in Autumen. M/F ratio of ME was 4/1, No sex diferrence were seen two groups, positive CSF finding (Aseptic meningitis) was due to benign form. (Pvalue, 0.01) Results compare with studies in developed countries (prevaccination period). It was determined that complication of mumps M.E in this study probably more common than previous studies in developed countries.}, Keywords = { 1) Mumps 2) Meningoencephalitis 3) Sensory neural hearing loss}, volume = {8}, Number = {27}, pages = {641-647}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-386-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-386-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2002} }