@article{ author = {Zare-Mirzaie, Ali and Ahmadi, Seyedeh jahan and Shayanfar, Nasrin and BehrangKazeminegad, Behrang}, title = {Assessment of relationship between , Body Mass Index (BMI) and serum levels of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) in 40-79 year old men referred to Rasoul akram hospital}, abstract ={  Abstract Background: The level of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) in identifying patients at high risk for prostate cancer has always been a controversial issue. This study was designed in order to assess the relationship between PSA levels with age and Body Mass Index (BMI) in symptom free men. Methods: In this cross sectional study, demographic data and PSA levels in 180 men referred to Rasoul Akram Hospital with analysis, data description, chi-square and correlation tests with SPSS software were used. Results: The mean age of men was 60.7±9 years and the mean of BMI was 26.1±3.5 kg/m2. This study showed inverse correlation between PSA and BMI which was very low and insignificant (p=0.141). But the correlation between PSA and age were significant and positive. Conclusion: This study showed there is no correlation between PSA and BMI.  However studies which have been conducted in symptomatic patients have shown a correlation between PSA and BMI. This may result from PSA level above 10 and leading to the ambiguity that it is perhaps due to high levels of PSA.}, Keywords = {Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), Body Mass Index (BMI)}, volume = {22}, Number = {130}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2742-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2742-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {AbtahiFroushani, Seyyed Meysam and Gheibi, Shahsanam and EsmaeiliGouvarchinGhaleh, Hadi and MansoriMotlagh, Bahm}, title = {Effects of Echinacea pupurea on the immunity system: from promise to fact}, abstract ={Background: Echinacea purpurea has long been used in folk medicine to prevent and treat a wide range of diseases like common cold, simple cough, pulmonary infections, dermatologic disorder and even chronic diseases due to immunodeficiency. This study was conducted to check the immunomodulatory properties of hydroalcoholic extract of Echinacea purpurea in NMRI-mice challenged with Sheep Red Blood Cells (SRBCs). Methods: The study population included 14 NMRI-male mice that were randomly grouped in two equal groups and immunized with SRBC. Hydroalcoholic extract of Echinacea pupurea were administered to the treatment group mice per os in daily doses of 0.025 mg from the beginning of the study and continued for 2 weeks. Specific humoral and cellular immunity, susceptibility of macrophages respiratory burst and proliferation of immune cells were measured. The Mann-Whitney test was used in order to compare using SPSS 19 software. Results: The findings indicated a significant increase (205.267±10.933) in the level of anti-SRBC antibody and simultaneously a significant decrease (15.288±4.202) in the level of cellular immunity in treatment group compared to control group. Lymphocyte proliferation index in splenocytes was significantly increased (1.821±227) in treatment group. However, the level of respiratory burst intensity (0.702±0.020) and nitric oxide production (50.253±2.032) in phagocytic population of splenocytes dramatically decreased in treatment groups compared to control mice. Conclusion: Since, the respiratory burst and nitric oxide production of phagocytic cells decreased, the possible immunostimolatory effectiveness of Echinacea pupurea is doubtful. However, this data suggest that the hydroalcoholic extract of Echinacea pupurea may be used as a natural source for purposes of modulating the immune system.}, Keywords = {Echinacea purpurea, Humoral immunity, Cellular immunity}, volume = {22}, Number = {130}, pages = {8-15}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3718-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3718-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {yegane, ali and mottaghi, arash and tabe-arjmand, kamal and shahhoseini, gholamreza and Farahani, Hoseine}, title = {Result of first metatarsal proximal osteotomy and Mc bride procedure in the treatment of Hallux valgus defomity}, abstract ={Background: Hallux valgus deformity is a common and debilitating disease. Proximal osteotomy of first metatarsal and Mc Bride b:union:ectomy procedure is a common procedure for this deformity.the goal of this study is to evaluate the result of this operation in Rasoul-e-akram hospital in Tehran. Methods: 50 cases of hallux valgus deformity   in 48 patients over a 5 years period who have been treated with this method were evaluated in Rasoul-e-akram hospital in Tehran. In this study mean of pre and post hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and, pain were compared with each and also patient satisfaction and complications were evaluated Results: The mean angles correction for hallux valgus (HVA), intermetatarsal (IMA) were 27.9 and 6.5 degrees respectively. Patient satisfaction was good in 28 patients and there was meaningfull correlation between angle correction and Patient satisfaction (p<0.05).mean age of patiens was 41. In 38 (79%) patients post-operative pain decreased and in 10 (20%) patients arch of motion decreased. In 4 patients (8%) subtle mal:union: were noted.there were no cases of metatarsal head osteonecrosis, non:union:, hallux varus deformity, and infection. Conclusion: Proximal first metatarsal osteotomy and Mc Bride b:union:ectomy procedure is a reasonable procedure in Patints with moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity considering its low complication rate and good result in this study. Residual Pain and first MTP joint decreased arch of motion are the two main side effects.}, Keywords = {Hallux valgus, Proximal metatarsal osteotomy, Mc Bride procedure}, volume = {22}, Number = {130}, pages = {16-20}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2325-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2325-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {ROUDBARI, MASOUD and ABBASIASL, MOHSEN and BARFEI, FARZANE and GOHARI, MAHMOOD REZA and KHODABAKHSHI, REZA}, title = {Survival analysis of Colorectal Cancer patients and its Prognostic Factors using Cox Regression}, abstract ={Background: Colorectal cancer is the third current cancer in the world and the forth cause of death in cancers. Certain factors such as environmental, genetic and life style are related with this cancer. The objective of this study is to find the survival of Iranian patients with colorectal cancer and also to find its prognostic factors. Methods: In this survival study, the data was collected from colorectal cancer patients who had referred to Fayyazbakhsh Hospital in Tehran from 2007 to 2009, using their hospital records. The final situation of the patients was recorded in 2012. For survival analysis of the patients, Kaplan-Meier method was used. The prognostic factors were calculated using Cox Regression. Results: The median of survival for the patients was (38.8±0.35) month. The one and 5 years survival rates were 79.2% and 39.6%, respectively. The effect of metastasis in prognostic time, age, having surgery and grading were significant using multivariate analysis. The high age, having surgery and the increase of virulent degree were the causes of patients’ survival reduction using Cox regression. Conclusion: The five year survival rate is less than western countries. Since there are many young colorectal cancer patients in the country, it is possible to increase their life using screening tests and early diagnostic programs.}, Keywords = {Colorectal cancer, Survival analysis, Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier}, volume = {22}, Number = {130}, pages = {21-28}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3146-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3146-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {ghardashiafousi, alireza and khashayar, patrishiya and gaeini, abbasali and choobineh, siroce and fallahi, aliasghar and javidi, mohse}, title = {effect of High intensity interval training on hormonal factor affected on bone metabolism}, abstract ={Background: High interval training changes the bone metabolism. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on biochemical factor of adult male Wistar rat. Methods: In this semi-experimentral studu  sixteen male Wistar rats aged 6 weeks old with  weight of 250±20 g were divided into control (n=8) and experimental groups (n=8). After a week of orientation training protocol, eight weeks of incremental HIIT training program was followed. 24 hours after the last training session, anesthesia and sacrificed blood samples were taken directly from the animal's heart. Serum PTH and ALP were determined with RAI (Imonotopic CA kit), kinetic (Pars azmon kit), Ca and P were determined with Arsenazo, Phosphomolydate and independent t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The result indicated that the level of PTH and ALP increased significantly whereas calcium and phosphate of experimental group did not show significant rise. Conclusion: High intense interval training, possibly through increased PTH and protein factors, control bone mass density and volume and thus effecting bone metabolism.}, Keywords = {High interval intensity training, Parathormone, Alkaline phosphatase, Bone mass density, Calcium}, volume = {22}, Number = {130}, pages = {29-37}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2918-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2918-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Bitazar, Razieh and Bagheri, Rezvan and Salimi, Ali and Hajikhani, Bahareh}, title = {Cloning and expression of Chlamydia trachomatis MOMP217 in E. coli}, abstract ={Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is a silent, turbulent and unfortunately neglected bacterium which impairs human genital tract function. This Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium with unique life cycle and immunopathogenesis result in serious complications, such as Endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, ability to ease HIV transmission and cofactor in human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced cervical neoplasia. To dominate these problems, vaccination is the best way of controlling the infection. Accordingly, MOMP has been implicated as a potential vaccine candidate through the years. Methods: In this study, MOMP217 gene was cloned in PET28b+ and expressed in E.coli and the protein expression confirmed by SDS-PAGE 10% Gel stained with Comassie Blue dye. Result: Beside the in silico experiments and the epitopic important regions in this conserved fragment, rMOMP217 may be a valuable peptide for immunization study. Conclusion: Conclusively, with approach to animal model study for evaluation of immune system response ability, this truncated protein may be introduced as a candidate in vaccine study. Absolutely, this attempt needs more experimental works.}, Keywords = {Vaccine, chlamydia trachomatis, MOMP (Major Outer Membrane Protein)}, volume = {22}, Number = {130}, pages = {38-46}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3722-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3722-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Hatami, Samaneh and JavadMousavi, Seyed Ali}, title = {C-reactive protein levels correlate with mortality in critically ill patients}, abstract ={  Background: The aim of this study was to investigation the relationship between CRP level and mortality in ICU patients.   Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study 150 critically patients in a university hospital was evaluated. Age, gender, organ failure and CRP level was evaluated. Then correlation between mortality and CRP level was measured.   Results: The mean age of patients was years. %47.3 of patients were men and %52.7 of patients were women. Prevalence of mortality in this study was %64.7.   In this study was demonstrated that CRP concentration correlate with mortality (p<0.001).   Conclusion: In this study was revealed that CRP level was prognostic factor for mortality in critically ill patients.  }, Keywords = {C Protein, Mortality}, volume = {22}, Number = {130}, pages = {47-52}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3723-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3723-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Soltani, Hajar and Hajebrahimi, Zahra and Arabian, Maedeh and Nasri, Sima and Aboutaleb, Nahi}, title = {Contractile responses of thoracic aorta to hindlimb unloading in rat}, abstract ={ Background: Hindlimb Unloading (HLU) is used to simulate microgravity in rats and has been shown to decrease contractile response in the abdominal aorta. The aim of present study was to investigate the contractile responses of smooth muscle of thoracic aorta following acute and chronic microgravity treatment.  Methods: Male adult rats (Wistar) were subjected to HLU for 3 and 20 days to establish ground-based-model of microgravity. The thoracic aortas were dissected and suspended in Krebs-Henseleit solution less than 1 g resting tension. Concentration response curves to cumulative doses of phenylephrine (PHE) and KCL were obtained in endothelium-denuded rings from control and HLU groups. Statistical analysis was carried out using analysis of two-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni test.   Results: Contractile response of 20-day HLU-treated tissues with phenylephrine and KCL were increased in endothelium-denuded rings versus control group (3.01±0.058 vs. 2.23±0.034 g at max (phenylephrine), HLU-20 vs. control 2.71±0.043 vs. 2.06±0.040 g at max (KCl), HLU-20 vs. control). There was no difference in vasoresponsiveness between control and 3-day HLU rings. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that chronic HLU increase smooth muscle contracting in the thoracic aorta. It is proposed that these effects may be related to the fluid shifts in microgravity condition. Briefly, studies of vascular function are of particular importance in elucidating the mechanisms underlying vascular adaptation to microgravity and its gravity based countermeasure}, Keywords = {Hindlimb unloading, Thoracic aorta, Rat}, volume = {22}, Number = {130}, pages = {53-62}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2934-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2934-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Shakarami, Mohammad and Davarniya, Reza and Zahrakar, Kianoush and Talaeian, Rezvaneh}, title = {Effectiveness of brief solution-focused group couple therapy on improving marital quality in women}, abstract ={ Background: In couple and family therapy, brief solution-focused treatment is a branch of the post-modern approach focusing on solutions to solve the problems. The current research was performed by the aim of studying the effect of brief solution- focused group couple therapy on improving marital quality in women. Methods: The method of the research is semi-experimental the design is pretest-posttest and follow-up with control group. The population included all the women visiting Hamyaran Salamat Ravan (mental health helpers) institute in Bojnourd city in 2013. 30 women were selected using available sampling method, and they were replaced in two groups of experiment and control by random assignment method. The study tool was the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Marital State (GRIMS) that was completed by the participants in pretest, posttest and follow-up (one month) stages. The experiment group received the intervention for 7 sessions of 1.5-hour, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and single variable covariance analyze through SPSS v.18. Results: Results of the covariance analysis indicated that brief solution-focused group couple therapy leads to improvement of marital relationships quality among the women in the experiment group, and these results have been also consistent enough in the follow-up period. Conclusion: Results suggest that brief solution-focused group couple therapy can be used as a treatment of choice for improvement and enhancement of marital relationship quality}, Keywords = {Couple therapy, Solution-focused brief therapy, Marital quality, Women.}, volume = {22}, Number = {131}, pages = {1-13}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3776-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3776-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mirghafourvand, Mojgan and Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Sakineh and Aghamiri, Vida and Nazemiyeh, Hossein and Soltanpoor, Sedigheh}, title = {The effect of Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) in treating early menopausal symptoms in post-menopausal women: A randomized clinical-controlled trial}, abstract ={ Background: Of common alternative treatments for early symptoms of early menopause are phytoestrogens. Phytoestrogenic compounds naturally occur in hop, though there is no study investigating the hop effect on the early symptoms of menopause. This study aims to evaluate the effect of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) in treating early menopausal symptoms and hot flashes (primary outcomes). Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial, 60 post-menopausal women were randomly allocated into two groups with ratio of 1:1, receiving the hop or placebo tablets, 500 mg per day for 12 weeks. Early menopausal symptoms were assessed using Greene scale and hot flushes were recorded in a diary before the intervention, and 4, 8 and 12 weeks under-intervention. Data were analyzed using general linear regression model. Results: There was no loss to follow-up during the 12 weeks of intervention. The Greene total score in the hop group was significantly lower than that in the placebo group at 4 (adjusted difference: -11.7, 95% confidence interval: -13.6 to -9.9), 8 (-23.6, -25.5 to -21.7) and 12 (-29.9, -31.7 to -28.1) weeks after intervention. No side events were reported. Conclusions: Hop effectively reduced the early menopausal symptoms and the number of hot flushes in post-menopausal women. Phytoestrogens can be used for reducing the early menopausal symptoms in the postmenopausal period. This study was approved (code 91209) by the Ethic Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and registered at the Iranian registry of clinical trials, code IRCT 2013010110324N7 on April 2013. }, Keywords = {Early menopausal symptoms, Hop (Humulus lupulus L.), Post-menopause, Randomized clinical trial}, volume = {22}, Number = {131}, pages = {14-24}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3777-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3777-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Evaluating the effect of probiotics on serum Fe+2 and vitamin D3 following ethidium bromide - induced demyelination in hippocampus of rat}, abstract ={ Background: Recently, using probiotics for preventing and treating the immune system diseases via increasing the absorption of protective factors has attracted the attention of researchers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum 299v and Bifidobacteria B94, on serum Fe +2 and vitamin D3 levels following ethidium bromide - induced demyelination of rat hippocampus. Methods: In this study, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups , including control, damaged with ethidium bromide, lactobacillus plantarum 299v, and bifidobacterium B94 treatment groups. In damage and treatment groups, a single dose of 3 μl ethidium bromide was directly injected for inducing demyelination in the hippocampus of rats. Also, in control group, the same amount of saline was used. After the induction of demyelination in treatment groups,1/5×108 probiotic bacteria were administered by gavage for 28 days.   Results: Results showed increased levels of Fe +2 in the treatment group with lactobacillus plantarum and that of vitamin D3 in both treatment groups. The level of serum Fe +2 in the treatment group with Bifidobacteria B94 decreased, although this increase and decrease were not significant. Conclusion: Although the findings in this study were not significant, but, somehow were in agreement with the findings of previous studies that suggested effects of probiotics. Perhaps the reason for such result is a difference in the type, number and duration of probiotics use compared with other studies.   }, Keywords = {Probiotics, Demyelination, Ethidium bromide, Fe +2, Vitamin D3}, volume = {22}, Number = {131}, pages = {25-33}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3778-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3778-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Salesi, Mohsen and KhoshneshinGhashghaee, Zahra and Daryanoosh, Farhad and Tahmasebi, Sedigheh and Taleie, Abdolrasool}, title = {The effect of eight weeks aerobic exercise on cardiovascular and hormonal risk factors in breast cancer patients}, abstract ={ Background: Increase and decrease of some hormones in the body and accumulation in breast tissue, can increase the risk of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of eight weeks aerobic training on the sexual hormone binding globulin, insulin-like growth hormone-1 and lipoproteins in patients with breast cancer. Methods: Twenty four women aged 45-55 years with breast cancer were selected and randomly divided into two groups: aerobic training (n=12) and control (n=12). Training group participated in an 8 weeks aerobic training program, three days a week and 60-90 minutes each day. In this period, the control group performed no regular exercise. Blood samples were taken before and after 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using independent T- test. Results: The results showed that there were significant differences between two groups in SHBG (Sex hormone-binding globulin), LDL (Low-density lipoprotein) and total cholesterol prior and post eight weeks of aerobic exercise training. Exercise also significantly reduced exercise group’s weight (p=0.001) compared with the controls.  Conclusion: It is concluded that aerobic exercise has a positive impact on breast cancer and can decrease its side effects and be helpful with medical service}, Keywords = {Sexual hormones, binding globulin, Insulin-Like growth hormone- 1, Exercise, Breast cancer}, volume = {22}, Number = {131}, pages = {35-43}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3780-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3780-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {zallaghi, Elahe and Goudarzi, Golam Reza and Geravandi, Sahar and Salmanzadeh, Shokrollah and Mohammadi, Mohammad Jav}, title = {An estimation of respiratory deaths and COPD related to SO2 pollutant in Tabriz, northwest of Iran (2011)}, abstract ={ Introduction: From human- made pollutants, SO2 has been widely studied. This research aims to estimate the respiratory deaths and COPD related to SO2 pollutant in 2011. Methods: Firstly, the concentration of SO2 pollutant was measured by GRIMM device in 2011 in five stations in Tabriz. The data were processed by Excel software and fed to AIR Q model. Results: The result showed that the maximum concentration of pollution was in Namaz square station as 33.79 µg/m3 and the minimum was in Baghshomal station at 6.57 µg/m3. The results of model showed that in 2011, 13 cases of respiratory deaths in Tabriz were ascribed to SO2. The cumulative number of COPD related to SO2 was 9. Conclusion: The analysis and comparison of means and maximum concentration of SO2 in five stations in Tabriz during 24 hrs with air pollution index showed that there was no problem of air pollution in terms of SO2 in 2011. The relative risk of estimated medium limit with low certainty means an increase of 1% in respiratory death risk for each 10 µg/m3 increase of SO2 concentration. It is evident that for each increase of 10 µg/m3 in SO2 concentration, the risk of COPD increases 0.44%. }, Keywords = {Tabriz, So2, COPD, respiratory death, AIR Q model}, volume = {22}, Number = {131}, pages = {44-50}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3781-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3781-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Yazdanian, Hasan and Mahnam, Amin and Edrisi, Mehdi}, title = {Impedance cardiography a method for non-invasive monitoring of stroke volume: a preliminary study}, abstract ={ Abstract Background: Impedance cardiography (ICG) is a simple and inexpensive technique for non-invasive and continues measurement of stroke volume. Due to non-invasive nature, ICG is becoming increasingly used in research and clinical applications. With regard to lack of domestic impedance cardiograph and limited similar imported products in the country, an inexpensive and portable prototype of ICG system has been developed through this study.  Methods: To measure electrical impedance of the thorax area, a constant sin wave current of 50 KHz and 2 mA is injected through two pairs of electrodes and modulated voltage signal with impedance information is picked up by using two other pairs of electrodes. After hardware performance checking, accuracy and efficiency of the system for measurement of the absolute value of SV in comparison with Doppler-echocardiography was evaluated for five patients.  Results: Through this study a portable impedance cardiograph was implemented in which could record ICG signal and one-lead ECG signal simultaneously and calculate parameters such as pre-ejection period, left ventricular ejection time, cardiac output, and, thoracic fluid content. After initial test of the system on the five patients, there was a significant correlation (p<0.05) for measurements of SV between ICG and Doppler-echocardiography methods (r = 0.83).  Conclusion: ICG has potential to become a simple and reliable technique for non-invasive and continuous measurement of SV. The results of this pilot study demonstrate that there is possibility of manufacturing and development of domestic impedance cardiograph. }, Keywords = {Stroke volume, Hemodynamic parameters, Impedance plethysmography, Impedance cardiography}, volume = {22}, Number = {131}, pages = {51-62}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3782-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3782-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Haghani, shima and Sedahi, Morteza and Kheiri, Soleim}, title = {Comparison of Artificial neural network model with Count data Regression models for Prediction of blood Donation}, abstract ={ Background: Modeling is one of the most important ways for explanation of relationship between dependent and independent response. Since data, related to number of blood donations are discrete, to explain them it is better to use discrete variable distribution like Poison or Negative binomial. This research tries to analyze numerical methods by using neural network approach and compare it by classic statistical methods to choose better way to predict the number of blood donations. Methods: In this study, data were collected from blood donors at the blood center of the Sharekord and then four methods were compared by neural network approach. These methods are: Poisson regression model and its zero inflated, Negative binomial models and its zero inflated.To learn neural network approach, (BFGS) Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm was used. To choose the best model, mean-square error (MSE) was used. The best network structure in teaching data was chosen and neural network approach resolution was compared by them, to choose the best approach for prediction the number of blood donations. Results: The MSE for Poisson regression model, Poisson regression with zero inflated, negative binomial and negative binomial with zero inflated are respectively 2.71, 1.54, 0.94 and 1.01. For neural network approach 14:17:1 with activation function of hyperbolic tangent in hidden layer and output layer 0.056 is achieved. Conclusion: The results showed that, according to amount of MSE, neural network approach is the best method with highest accuracy to predict the number of blood donations rather than other methods examined in this article}, Keywords = {Poisson regression, Zero inflated Poisson, Negative binomial, Zero inflated negative binomial, Artificial neural network}, volume = {22}, Number = {131}, pages = {63-70}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3783-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3783-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {AliAkbariKhoei, Reza and Bakhshi, Enayatollah and Azarkeivan, Azita and Biglarian, Akbar}, title = {Application of cure models in survival analysis of thalassemia major disease}, abstract ={ Background: Identification of the factors influencing short term and long term survival for patients is one of the important concerns in medical society. With determining the risk factors and also health factors of a disease, valuable information can be obtained. In some cases, such as high rate of censoring, the use of standard survival models for analysis may cause to loss in some of information. The purpose of this study was to apply the cure models in identifying the risk and health factors of patients’ thalassemia major.   Methods: The data of this historical cohort study with 296 patients with thalassemia major, were gathered during 1994- 2013 in Zafar Clinic in Tehran. Cure models were used for survival analysis of these patients and determination of its risk factors. Data were analyzed using Stata v.12 and R3.0.2 software. Results: Mean (±SD) of patients’ age was 29.11 ± 0.47year. Of the patients, 51.7% were women. . The minimum value of Akaike information criterion was for cure non mixture log – normal model with logit link function. Conclusion: According to the results, the cure non mixture log – normal models is chosen as the best model for identification the risk factors of thalassemia major disease. }, Keywords = {Cure models, Survival analysis, Thalassemia major}, volume = {22}, Number = {131}, pages = {71-79}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3784-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3784-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Sadoughi, Seyed Damoon and Zafar-Balanezhad, Saide and Baharara, Javad and NejhadShahrokhabadi, Khadijeh and Rahbarian, Raheleh and Sepehri-Moghadam, Heshmat}, title = {Investigating the effect of ethanolic extract of Ferula assa-foetida\'s resin on angiogenesis in chick chorioalantoic membrane}, abstract ={Background: Inhibition of angiogenesis is the main goal of cancer treatment and other diseases. Ferula assa-foetida is a medicinal plant with cytotoxic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-angiogenic effects of Ferula assa-foetida's resin.  Methods: 40 Hy-line fertilized eggs were divided into 4 groups: control, sham, experimental 1 (treated with 100 μg/ml of extract), experimental 2 (treated with 200 μg/ml of extract). On the eighth day of incubation it was created a window in the bottom of the eggs and gelatin sponge was placed on chorioallantoic membrane. 10 microliters of Ferula assa-foetida's resin extract was injected to treated groups. 10 microliters of distilled water was injected to control group and 10 microliters of dimethyl sulfoxide was injected to sham-exposed group. All samples were photographed on the 12th day of incubation and the length and numbers of vessels were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc (p>0.05)  Results: The mean of number and length for vessels in the control group and mean of number and length in sham-exposed group was not significant. There was a significant decrease in mean number and length of vessels at concentration of 100 and 200 μg/ml of Ferula assa-foetida's resin extract compared with control group. Conclusion: According to this research, ethanolic extract of Ferula assa-foetida's resin has an inhibitory effect on angiogenesis in chick chorioalantoic membrane. It seems that compounds of Ferula assa-foetida's resin can be used to inhibit angiogenesis in cancer tissues}, Keywords = {Angiogenesis, Resin of Ferula assa-foetida, Chorioalantoic Membrane, Chick Embryo }, volume = {22}, Number = {131}, pages = {80-87}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3787-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3787-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Farahandi, Hadiseh and Mohebbi, Bahram and Tol, Azar and Sadeghi, Roya and NoriJaliani, Keramat}, title = {The impacts of blended educational intervention program on blood pressure control and promoting HbA1c among type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension}, abstract ={ Background: Hypertension increases the risk of macrovascular complications and is one of the most important and common problems among patients with diabetes. This study aimed at assessing the impacts of blended educational intervention program on decreasing blood pressure and HbA1c among patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension.    Methods: Two hundred patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension were randomized in an educational intervention study in two groups in 2013-2014. The intervention group attended in a six sixty minutes educational sessions including lecturing, group discussion educational film for intervention group, in addition to the regular care presented for both groups. To collect information about demographic characteristics, diabetes related variables, a self-designed questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using  X2, independent t- test and paired t test through SPSS v. 16. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Blood pressure and HbA1c had no significant relation in both groups (p>0.05). Paired t- test revealed blood pressure (p<0.001) and HbA1c (p<0.001) before and after educational program had significant relation in intervention group. Also, after a six-month educational program, blood pressure (p=0.54) and HbA1c (p=0.83) had not significant association in control group. Conclusion: It seems that educational program can be effective on decreasing high blood pressure among type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, implementation of educational program in diabetes clinic is suggested. }, Keywords = {Type 2 diabetes, Hypertension, Educational intervention}, volume = {22}, Number = {131}, pages = {88-96}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3788-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3788-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Ramezani, Mahla and Alizadeh, Mohammad Hossein and Kordi, Mohammad Rez}, title = {Effect of intensity and volume of endurance training on the incidence of knee osteoarthritis in healthy male rats}, abstract ={ Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disease of the synovial joints, especially in professional athletes. Endurance training causes OA in joints, particularly their knee joint. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of volume and intensity of two different types of endurance training on the incidence of knee OA in healthy male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 24 rats were randomly divided into three groups of control, endurance 1 and endurance 2. The exercise included five days and a total of eight weeks of endurance exercise, including one hour intensity endurance running %50 to %55 percent for endurance 1 group, and for endurance 2, half-hour run with %70 to 75% of the oxygen consumed. In order to investigate  osteoarthritis, 24 hours after the last training session, joint sample tissues were collected. The amount of joint damage was evaluated by histopathology and method was compared with one-way ANOVA analysis. Results: The results showed that none of the groups had no significant influence on the increase in cartilage thickness (p = 0.20). Also, an hour of endurance training caused moderate OA (grade 3) in the rat knee (p = 0.002) , but in the endurance training group with 30 minutes training moderate OA (grade II), (p = 0.002) was observed. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that endurance training increased risk of knee OA. Reducing the volume of exercise is an appropriate way to reduce the amount of damage}, Keywords = {Endurance training, Volume training, Intensity training, Osteoarthritis}, volume = {22}, Number = {131}, pages = {97-105}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3789-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3789-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Report of a case with congenital candidiasis}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {22}, Number = {131}, pages = {106-108}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3911-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3911-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Comparison of personality factors and cognitive emotional regulation in gastric and lung cancer patients and normal subjects}, abstract ={Background: Considering the role of personality and cognitive emotion regulation strategies employed in the etiology and pathogenesis of cancer, this study was conducted with the aim of comparing personality and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in patients with gastric and lung cancer with normal individuals. Methods: A comparative study of causal cancer patients, in which 100 cancer patients (50 gastric and 50 lung) and 50 healthy individuals, matched with the patient groups were selected. Data were gathered via Personality inventory (NEO-FFI) questionnaire, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies (MAI) which were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. Results: Based on the findings, of the three groups of variables, there were significant differences in cognitive emotion regulation and its components, such that cancer patients use to a greater extent the non- adaptive strategies (catastrophizing their casting blame, rumination and blaming others) than the normal individuals. However the three groups were not significantly different in regard to character. Conclusion: The findings of this study not only pointed to the complexity of the nature of cancer, but also to a very important confounding factor in developing different types of cancer which is cognitive emotion regulation strategies in people with cancer and normal individuals.  }, Keywords = {Lung cancer, Personality factors, Emotional regulation, Stomach cancer}, volume = {22}, Number = {132}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3879-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3879-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Application of semiparametric survival models in assessment of time-dependent risk factors on the rate of entered shocks to heart disease patients}, abstract ={Background: One of the treatments in patients with dangerous diseases particularly heart failure, is Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) that is used to prevent sudden cardiac death. Regarding to the superiority of ICD rather than medical treatment, the purpose of this study is the assessment of time-dependent effective factors on the rates of entered shocks to patients with ICD. Methods: In this paper, we studied heart patients in Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad from 2005 to the first half of 2008. For various clinical reasons, ICD has been improvised for these patients. The QRS duration was measured by a digital caliper with an accuracy of a thousandth of a millimeter before we implanted ICD. Moreover, age of patients and type of ICD for each patient were recorded. Finally, we analyzed data set by a survival semiparametric statistical model through R statistical software. Results: For these patients, all mentioned variables had time-varying effects. Age, had an additive effect on the entered shocks by this device in all patients over time. Type of ICD has both an additive effect in the period of time and depressive effect in another period. Also QRS influences the shocks induced by ICD with gentle slope. Conclusion: For a specified patient, based on three explanatory variables, the introduced model could be used in reinforcement of correct diagnosis in installation of ICD. The single chamber type of ICD, entered less inappropriate shocks to the heart of patients than the two  other types of ICD i.e CRTD and two chamber.}, Keywords = {Heart disease patients, Implantable cardioverter defibrillator, Semiparametric survival model}, volume = {22}, Number = {132}, pages = {10-17}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3880-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3880-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Evaluation of clinical reasoning of interns and residents of Iran University of Medical Sciences, 2013}, abstract ={Background: Clinical reasoning is important in any educational setting and should be included in all aspects of knowledge and skills of a student. In the clinical reasoning process the physician gains information by questioning the patient, compares this information with clinical findings and finally using his/her experience, reaches a diagnosis. Medical students at different levels show low reasoning and face many misdiagnoses. This study compared the clinical reasoning of the interns and residents in different clinical settings. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional and data gathering tool was diagnostic thinking questionnaire, which had 41 questions with 6 rating scale, developed originally by Bordage and colleagues in France. Interns and residents were randomly selected from four main sections in each hospital and asked to complete the questionnaire. A total sample size of 105 residents and 100 interns were studied in these hospitals. Collected data were entered into SPSS 16 statistical software and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 205 residents and interns completed the questionnaire (response rate of %73). The findings showed that the total DTI score of interns and residents (158.13, 161.66) had no significant differences (p=0.056). Interns, in structure of memory scored 82.87 while residents scored 85.04, respectively and differences (p= 0.076) were not significant. Interns and residents scored respectively, 75.26 and 76.62 in flexibility in thinking and the difference (p= 0.108) was not significant. Conclusion: By comparing studies and research we find that interns and residents are poor in clinical reasoning. Teaching clinical reasoning requires knowledge, but knowledge alone is not enough. Rather more important than knowledge is the science of clinical practice and patient experience. Another issue that must be noted is that education of clinical reasoning must be problem-based and student-centered and the most suitable learning environment is problem-oriented education conducted in small groups.}, Keywords = {Clinical reasoning, Diagnostic thinking, Interns, Residents, Medical university}, volume = {22}, Number = {132}, pages = {18-25}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3881-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3881-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The effect of aerobic training on Clara Cell protein 16 (CC16) and cortisol in addicts}, abstract ={Background: Addiction dependency presents itself as change in the level of protective proteins of airways and increase in stress. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic training on Clara Cell protein 16 (CC16) and cortisol in addicts. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 20 addicted men (20-33 years old) were selected after public call and divided into drug supplement (N=10) and exercise -drug supplement (N=10) groups. The former group performed exercise training to intensity of 70-75% of VO2max for twenty sessions (5 sessions per week and for 45 to 55 minutes in each session). Also they consumed 10 milligrams of methadone. The other group only consumed 10 milligrams of methadone daily. Later on CC16 and cortisol levels in addicts were evaluated. Data were entered into SPSS software for analysis. Results: Analyses show that the level of CC16 decreased significantly in training group (p=0.029, t9=2.591). In addition, level of cortisol decreased significantly in the former group (p=0.03, t9=2.573). Conclusion: We can deduce that presumably the exercise-drug supplement method in comparison to the other intervention is better for treatment of addict subjects. Also, it is a good method to enhance of pulmonary system in these subjects. However, further research is needed to confirm the results of the current study.  }, Keywords = {Bronchioles, Clara-cell specific 16-kD protein, Uteroglobin, Aerobic training}, volume = {22}, Number = {132}, pages = {26-34}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3882-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3882-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Growth inhibition of K562 cell line by extracted cell wall from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. boulardi as probiotic with zinc nanoparticles}, abstract ={Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia is a common cancer in human, so the goal of this study was the use of natural compound such as cell wall obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) and Saccharomyces boulardi (S. boulardi) and zinc nanoparticles on the growth inhibition of K562 cell line. Methods: For cell wall preparation, both yeasts were cultured in a basic medium at aerobic condition and 28 °C. Then the medium was centrifuged and precipitately washed with sterile buffer and the cells disrupted by sunicator. Also zinc nanoparticles were prepared by biological method. Anti-cancer property of different concentrations of the yeasts’ cell wall with zinc nanoparticles were assayed by MTT and electrophoresis methods. Results: The results showed that S. boulardi cell wall significantly (p=0.029) inhibits the growth of K562 cell line compared to S. cerevisiae. Also zinc nanoparticles significantly (p=0.021) inhibit K562 cell line. Results revealed that combination the zinc nanoparticles with both yeasts’ cell wall decreased anti-cancer property but this was not significant at the level of p<0.05. Conclusion: Based on this finding it should be concluded that combination of zinc nanoparticles with Saccharomyces cell walls could inhibit the growth of K562 cell line in vitro. But these anti-cancer properties would warrant further study on the clinical application of yeast cell wall.  }, Keywords = {Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. boulardi, Zinc nanoparticles, Growth inhibition, K562 cell line}, volume = {22}, Number = {132}, pages = {35-45}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3883-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3883-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Joint modelling of longitudinal and time-to-event data and its application in acute kidney injury}, abstract ={Background: In many clinical trials and medical studies, the survival and longitudinal data are collected simultaneously. When these two outcomes are measured from each subject and the survival variable depends on a longitudinal biomarker, using joint modelling of survival and longitudinal outcomes is a proper choice for analyzing the available data. Methods: In this retrospective archival study, 84 patients with coronary artery bypass surgery admitted in the intensive care unit of Jamaran Hospital in Tehran were randomly selected during 2001-2008. We defined the survival event as the 25% decline in GFR from baseline and the repeated measurements of urinary output from ICU admission to time of event as the longitudinal biomarker. Results: The study showed that older age (HR=1.112), male sex (HR= 4.307), and number of bypassed grafts (HR=1.874) were significant effective factors on reducing the amount of GFR and risk stage of acute kidney injury event. Conclusion: In this study, it was concluded that decreasing urinary output can be considered as an informative medical biomarker for acute kidney injury. Moreover, joint modeling of longitudinal and survival data which considers the relationship between these two outcomes, is an efficient approach for analyzing these kinds of datasets.}, Keywords = {Joint modelling survival and longitudinal data, Coronary artery bypass grafting, Acute kidney injury}, volume = {22}, Number = {132}, pages = {46-55}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3884-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3884-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The effect of BASNEF-based blended educational program on on diabetes control among type 2 diabetic patients referred to diabetes clinic of Samirom city}, abstract ={Background: Glycated hemoglobin is an important indicator of long-term control of blood glucose is an important indicator of clinical research. There is a direct correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin and diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of BASNEF-based blended educational program on diabetes control among type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: This study is a prospective, semi-experimental study, in which 164 eligible patients were selected after the pre-test by random allocation in intervention and control groups. Questionnaire based on BASNEF structure was used for data collection. Before the intervention, demographic and health related information, disease, and check list of foot care was taken. Then, the intervention group participated in program of foot care principles using combinatorial training strategy designed based on the BASNEF’s structures. The control group continued the routine clinic education, and individually, without contacting the intervention group, completed the questionnaire and the check list. Post-test was administered at three and six months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.11.5 and descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Significance level was considered less than 0.05. Results: Demographic variables were not significantly different between two groups (P<0.05). HbA1c in the intervention group was statistically significant (p<0.001), but this analysis was not significant in the comparison group (p=0.18, f = 1/83). Also, in regard to blood sugar controlling behaviors the intervention group were better than the comparison group, three months and six months after the training, such that HbA1c levels of %69.8± %2.27 before training changed to %7.50 ±%1.42 three months later, and %7.44± %1.34, six months after the training and showed significant difference (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that blended educational training increased the awareness in regard to controlling blood sugar levels, thus decreasing the HbA1c levels in diabetic type 2 patients.}, Keywords = {Type 2 diabetes, Educational intervention, BASNEF model, Foot care}, volume = {22}, Number = {132}, pages = {56-62}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3885-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3885-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Adult Still’s disease (ASD)}, abstract ={Adult Still's Disease (ASD) is an uncommon systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology and pathogenesis characterized by high quotidian fever accompanied by systemic manifestations. There is no single diagnostic test for AOSD diagnosis is often clinical, and it is always necessary to exclude common disease mimics such as infections, malignancies and other rheumatic diseases. Ferritin and glycosylated ferritin are useful adjuncts to aid in the diagnosis of ASD. Treatment aims at both minimizing inflammation and halting disease progression. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have limited efficacy so glucocorticoids in conjunction with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs such as methotrexate are also used. Novel therapeutic approaches such as anti-tumor necrosis factor blockade, interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies are promising.}, Keywords = {Adult Still’s disease, systemic inflammatory disorder}, volume = {22}, Number = {132}, pages = {63-72}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3886-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3886-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The comparison of serum TNF-α level in Isfahan and Tehran healthy residents}, abstract ={Background: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infectious disease caused by Leishmania spp with different clinical manifestations. After phagocytosis, the parasite becomes resistant to anti pathogenic mechanism of macrophages. Innate immune responses such as TNF-α have important role in enhancement of phagocyte activities against the parasite. During a performed study on the prevalence of leishmaniasis in Isfahan province, we found that a number of people living in this endemic region never show the clinical leishmaniasis despite of close exposure. While the natural resistance may contribute to some elements in innate immune response such as TNF-α levels, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of serum level of TNF-α in healthy people of Isfahan. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 50 healthy subjects living in Isfahan and 50 healthy subjects from Tehran. Of all subjects who were referred to Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO) written informed consent was obtained. Blood sample separated plasma was stored in the -70°c until tested. Plasma level of TNF-α was measured by Sandwich ELISA (USCN, China) according to the manufacture´s protocol. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square and t- test through SPSS software. Results: The analysis showed that the levels of TNF-α in Isfahan healthy residents were significantly higher than those in Tehran healthy subjects (p=0.085). Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study confirmed our previous finding indicating a natural resistance to leishmaniasis in Isfahan residents. Accordingly we suggested that the assessment of serum TNF-α may be useful in the prognosis and prevention of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the endemic regions.}, Keywords = {Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, TNF-α, Cytokine}, volume = {22}, Number = {132}, pages = {73-78}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3887-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3887-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Prevalence of fatty liver using ultrasound in male high-school pupils without history of liver disease and its relationship with liver enzymes, body mass index and waist - hip ratio}, abstract ={Background: None Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease and includes a wide range of clinical symptoms (from asymptomatic fatty liver to severe liver inflammation with fibrosis and even cirrhosis). Metabolic syndrome, obesity and type 2 diabetes, are major causes of NAFLD. As urban and sedentary lifestyle and poor diet lead to weight gain and obesity in individuals, this disease appears in an early age. Due to the reversible nature of this disease, detection and prevention of it could be useful for decreasing the onset of the diseases. This study investigated the prevalence of None Alcoholic Fatty Liver disease using ultrasound in male students without history of liver disease and its relationship with liver enzymes, Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) in boys aged 15 to 18 years to estimate the prevalence of disease in this age group in order to carry out the necessary preventive tasks. Methods: For this purpose, BMI and WHR of 2028 male students were measured. 107 of these had BMI over 30 and WHR over 0.9 and of these 44 patients, who were willing to cooperate voluntary in this study, were evaluated in regard to the risk of having fatty liver using ultrasound, blood tests and liver enzymes (AST, ALT). Ultrasound was performed by the same radiologist and presence of fatty liver was graded according to the standard international definitions. Then the students were sent for blood testing (FBS, TG, CHOL, LDL, HDL, ALT, and AST) to same laboratory. Results Mean age of subjects was 15.7 years. All of them had fatty liver. In this study there was a significant relationship between WHR, BMI and weight with liver enzymes, while significant relationship was not observed between liver enzymes and FBS, TG, CHOL, LDL and HDL. Also there was significant relation between grading of fatty liver with BMI, WHR, body weight and HDL and not any significant relationship with other factors. Conclusion: Relatively high frequency of liver disease in this age group was seen and it seems the high school boys who are overweight and have a BMI over 30 are more likely to have fatty liver. For prevention of the metabolic problems in elderly one must identify these individuals early for taking actions regarding their lifestyle and proper nutrition. The results of this research suggest the conduction of further studies for prevention of obesity in this group with the aim of decreasing the risk of NAFLD with suitable physical activity and good diet.}, Keywords = {Liver enzymes, Fatty liver, Body mass index (BMI), Waist hip ratio (WHR), Body weight, Age}, volume = {22}, Number = {132}, pages = {79-86}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3888-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3888-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Comparison of hemodynamic state and serum glucose in non-diabetic patients during non-emergency surgery}, abstract ={Background: Major surgery causes hyperglycemia which could affect the outcome of patients who undergo surgery however there is little knowledge on the effect of serum glucose level on the outcome of non-diabetic patients who had surgery. The aim of the present study was to observe the correlation of serum glucose and hemodynamic state in non-diabetic patients undergoing non-emergency surgery. Methods: During this analytic cross sectional study patients who were under lower limb surgery were enrolled to our study. Inclusion criteria were age between 30 and 50 years, ASA criteria 1 to three and elective surgery also exclusion criteria were history of diabetes mellitus, use of corticosteroids and thyroids diseases. Early outcomes including blood pressure, glucose serum level and pulse rate were evaluated before and after surgery. At the end all data were analyzed through SPSS v.16. Results: A total of 160 patients with mean (±SD) age of 42.5 ± 14.9 years were evaluated. There were 103 (64.4%) male and 57(35.6%) female patients. Serum glucose was different before, during and after surgery (p<0.05). There was significant correlation between pre surgery serum glucose and pre (p=0.002, r=0.487) and post (p=0.009, r=0.412) surgery systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Present study showed that glucose serum level could affect hemodynamic state of non-diabetic patients during surgery, thus, it seems in these patients tight control of glucose level could decrease the side effects.}, Keywords = {Hyperglycemia, Hemodynamic state, Surgery}, volume = {22}, Number = {132}, pages = {87-94}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3889-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3889-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Assessing in vitro inhibitory effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on C57BL/6 diabetic mouse splenocytes proliferation}, abstract ={Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disorder in which pancreas beta-cell destruction causes insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. In addition to daily insulin treatment, allogeneic islet transplant inT1D is another therapeutic way that needs immunosuppressive drugs to control autoimmune damage and graft rejection. Since life-long application of these drugs is associated with serious side-effects, we proposed local immunomodulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro inhibitory influence of adipose-derived MSCs on C57BL/6 diabetic mouse splenocytes proliferation against syngeneic islet cells lysate. Methods: MSCs were extracted from abdominal fat tissue of healthy C57BL/6 mouse and cultured to prolipherate. Then, they were immunophynotyped and their differentiation to osteo- and adipocyte was approved. Diabetic C57BL/6 mouse model was prepared by administration of consecutive low-doses of sterptozotocin and diabetic state was confirmed by serum glucose (>300 mg/dL) and insulin levels, and pancreas histopathology. Pancreas islets were isolated from healthy mouse and splenocytes prepared from healthy and diabetic mice. To evaluate anti-proliferative effect of MSCs, they were co-cultured with splenocytes in the presence of islet lysate and proliferation was assayed by MTT technique. The presented data are mean SD and statistically analyzed with one way ANOVA. Results: Extraction and identification (Immunolphenotyping and differentiation) of MSCs had acceptable outcome.Diabetic state was confirmedin our model (blood glucose: 300±20 vs. 95±10 Insulin level: 4.9±0.5 vs 0.3±0.1 and lack of Langerhans islets in tissue sections). The co-culture experiments demonstrated that MSCs significantly decreased diabetic splenocytes proliferation in the presence of islet cells lysate (p<0.05). Conclusion: MSCs can effectively inhibit autoimmune response of diabetic splenocytes against islet cells lysate. Assessing MSCs immunomodulatory effects and differentiation property to insulin-producing cells may provide a new horizon for T1D treatment in the future.}, Keywords = {Islets of pancreas, Mesenchymal stem cells, Type 1 diabetes, Transplantation}, volume = {22}, Number = {132}, pages = {95-106}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3890-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3890-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Response of interleukin 6, necrosis factor alpha and cortisol to intensive exercise in athlete’s women}, abstract ={Background: Studies show that changes in inflammatory cytokines associated with inflammatory, hormonal changes in women has been less studied, especially in female athletes. So aim of this research is the investigation of Response of interleukin 6, necrosis factor alpha and cortisol to intensive exercise in athlete’s women. Methods: Among the volunteers, 15 subjects allowed to participate in the study and then participated in Alstad exercise test (gradient: 15%, Speed: 8 mph, time: 16 minutes). Blood sample were taken in three stages: pre exercise test, immediately and 1 hour after (recovery) of exercise test. Results: cortisol, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly increased at all stages exercise training (At all stages: p=0.001). CRP levels did not significantly change immediately after exercise, but significantly decreased 1 hour after exercise (p=0.04). Conclusion: intensive exercise increases inflammatory cytokines and cortisol levels in athlete’s women. So it seems that during the intense exercise athletes female are confronted with injuries of inflammatory markers (cytokines and inflammatory hormones).}, Keywords = { Interlukin-6, Necrosis factor alpha, Cortisol, Athlete’s women}, volume = {22}, Number = {133}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3893-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3893-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Evaluating the expression of putative stem cell markers ALDH1 and CD133 in melanoma cell lines A375 and D10}, abstract ={Background: The cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in invasion and metastasis of melanoma, the most lethal and aggressive form of skin cancer. In the present study, the expression of putative stem cell markers CD133 and ALDH1 were evaluated in melanoma cell lines and then the cells sorted based on the expression of these markers. Methods: In the present study expression of CD133 and ALDH1 was evaluated in A375 and D10 cell lines using flow cytometry. Then, selected cell line was sorted up on the expression of selected stem cell marker into positive and negative populations. Results: Our results indicated that ALDH1 marker expressed in 55.71 ± 7.88% and 49.88 ± 6.43% in A375 and D10 cell lines, respectively, while the CD133 only expressed in D10 cells in 26.76 ± 2.83%. Cell sorting was performed according to ALDH1 expression in both cell lines and CD133 expression only in D10 cells. The purity of isolated cells was high according to CD133 expression (90% <), whereas the purity of ALDH1+ and ALDH1- populations was very low. Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that cell sorting based on stem cell marker CD133 was suitable in D10 cells, therefore this marker could be a reliable marker for isolating of CSCs in this cell line.  }, Keywords = {Melanoma, Stem cell marker, CD133, ALDH1, A375, D10}, volume = {22}, Number = {133}, pages = {8-15}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3894-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3894-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Effects of Caffeine, L-Carnitine and Their Combination on 400m Freestyle Performance in Adolescent Female Swimmers}, abstract ={Background: The study aim was to examine the effect of caffeine, L-carnitine, and their combination on lactate blood level, and exercise time during a 400m freestyle swimming trial. Methods: In a double-blind randomly designed study, 16 Karaj female freestyle swimmers aged 13.87±1.14 yr, BMI 21.69±4.34 kg/m2, height 160.87±58.75cm, weight 56.31±1.31kg were recruited. The trial activities included completing maximal 400m freestyle. The activity was performed half an hour after taking caffeine (3 mg/kg body weight) or L-carnitine (1.5g), caffeine + L-carnitine (3 mg/kg + 1.5 g), or placebo on 4 similar separate occasions. Blood lactate was measured 1 and 10 min after exercise. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA indicated that no significant difference was observed for performance in  all groups (p≥0.05), whereas significant differences were observed in lactate accumulation in 1 min after trial (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings showed that consuming caffeine, L-carnitine and their combination has no meaningful effect on performance. However, it seems that taking caffeine alone or with L-carnitine result would result in more lactate accumulation in 1 min after exercise.  }, Keywords = {Caffeine, L-carnitine, Lactic acid, Swimming record, Adolescent female swimmers}, volume = {22}, Number = {133}, pages = {16-26}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3895-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3895-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Single injection of platelet-rich plasma in knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study}, abstract ={Background: Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) contains Growth Factors (GFs) and antiinflammatory agents with possibility of application in regeneration of damaged cartilage in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). In the most trials, three injections of PRP have been done but in this research we assessed the efficacy and safety of single injection of PRP in the management of OA. Methods: In this single-center, uncontrolled, prospective preliminary study, 10 patients with knee OA who met the study criteria received single PRP injections. Outcome measures included the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Knee Injury, Osteoarthritis Outcome (KOOS) questionnaire and 20 meters walk test at pre injection visit, 3 week, 2 and 6 month follow up visits. Results: There were no adverse events. The study demonstrated significant improvements in VAS, 20 meters walk test and some KOOS scores, including pain relief and better function in daily living (ADL) but some subscale such as symptoms relief and sport activities and quality of life did not significantly improved. Conclusion: The study showed positive results of single PRP injection and safety profile. Therefore, it could potentially be used to larger, blinded, and randomized clinical trial to determine if PRP is more effective than other treatments of knee OA or not.}, Keywords = {Platelet-Rich Plasma, Knee, Osteoarthritis, Intraarticular injections}, volume = {22}, Number = {133}, pages = {27-34}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3896-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3896-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Relation of serum Vitamin D level and pulmonary punction in COPD patients}, abstract ={Background: The aim of this study was to determine the mean of the serum level of vitamin D in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients referred to Rasoul-E-Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2010-11. Methods: In this sectional study 56 patients with COPD were recruited. The COPD condition was confirmed in these patients following spirometry. Serum vitamin D level of all patients was measured and categorized according to the 5 stages of 0,1,2,3, and 4 suggested by Global Initiative on Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). The data were analyzed using SPSS v. 18. Results: The mean age of patients was 68.1 ± 10.3. About%76 of patients were men. The study indicated that%85.1 of the patients were suffering from vitamin D deficiency with the level less than 30 mg /dl. Also, it was indicated that there is a direct and linear relation between serum vitamin D level and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) volume(p= 0.03), (B= 0.4). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency in COPD patients is highly prevalent. Thus, diagnostic examinations of vitamin D deficiency and on time treatment can prevent from many related problems in these patients.}, Keywords = {Serum vitamin D level, COPD, Spirometry}, volume = {22}, Number = {133}, pages = {35-40}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3897-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3897-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Lived experience of Iranian women with HIV/AIDS and acknowledgment of their social rights: a phenomenological hermeneutical study}, abstract ={Background: In Iran, there has been a considerable increase in the number of women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Within a socio-political context, social rights inequality of HIV positivity is still a prevailing concern among women. Little is known about the understanding of how Iranian women living with HIV, live their social rights experience. The aim of this study was to examine lived experience of these women against their social rights. Methods: In this qualitative study, a phenomenological–hermeneutic framework was adopted. We conducted narrative interviews with sixteen women. A purposeful sample of Iranian women was chosen. Results: Five themes were identified to understand the experience of social rights in women: 1) A state of profound suffering 2) lack support 3) Insecurity in a social-economic life 4) Any respecting and 5) Exerting oneself to keeping. For these women, social rights by their HIV status meant: Living the ambivalence of a process of equality/inequality. Conclusion: Health professionals have to broaden their role and work on individual, interpersonal and inter-organizational levels. Mobilization of actors from different sectors would facilitate the implementation of pertinent and opportune interventions.}, Keywords = {Lived Experience, HIV/AIDS, Hermeneutic phenomenology, Social rights, Women}, volume = {22}, Number = {133}, pages = {41-50}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3898-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3898-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The effect of estrogen on p53 protein in T47D breast cancer cell line}, abstract ={Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Nearly 30% of breast cancers are hormone-dependent, and these hormones comprising estrogens influence progression of breast cancers. It is now widely recognized that p53 may be the most frequently mutated protein in breast cancer. High levels of p53 protein are a common feature of many human malignant cancers. Given that, T47D cell line is estrogen and progesterone receptor positive and p53 protein is one of the most important tumor suppressor genes. This article examines the effect of estrogen on p53 protein in T47D. Methods: The human breast cancer T47D cell line were cultured in 25cm2 flasks in DMEM medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) and treated with different concentrations (3, 6, and 9 nmol) of estrogen. The levels of proteins were measured by western blot method. Gene tool software and One Way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. Results: Comparison of p53 levels in T47D cell line showed that cells that were exposed to 3, 6, and9 nmol of estrogen treatment had higher concentration of p53 than control (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that estrogen can strongly increase p53 protein concentration in T47D cell line. Therefore, it seems that estrogen can cause protein over expression and accumulation in T47D cell line.  }, Keywords = {p53 protein, T47D, Estrogen treatment}, volume = {22}, Number = {133}, pages = {51-58}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3899-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3899-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Electroencephalography in children with simple, complex, and recurrent febrile seizures}, abstract ={Background: Febrile seizures (FS) occur in 5% of children with 6 to 60 months ages. Many investigations are being performed, one of them is EEG. This study was done to determine EEG in recurrent simple and complex febrile seizures. Methods: In this descriptive, cross sectional study, we evaluated 86 patients with recurrent and complex febrile seizure admitted to neurology ward in Ali-Asghar training children hospital between 2008 and 2012. Data were recorded on age, gender, type of seizure (focal, generalized), and family history of febrile seizure, epilepsy, and EEG results. Results: Eighty six patients had EEG. Mean (SD) age was 24.27±15.28 months. Forty three (50%) cases were 6-18 month of age. Fifty three (62%) cases were male. Thirty three (38.5%) patients had recurrent simple FS and 53 (61.5%) had complex FS. Twenty nine (37.7%) cases had family history of FS and 13(15%) cases had family history of epilepsy. Thirty six percent of cases had abnormal EEGs. Abnormal finding included slow waves (14%), sharp waves (16%) and spike waves (6%). There was significant relation between abnormal EEGs and age (p=0.04), though no meaningful relation with gender, type of seizures and family history of FS or epilepsy. Conclusion: Seizures during a febrile illness are common in children under 5 years of age. Due to changes in EEG in children with simple, complex, and recurrent FS, performing EEG in these cases is recommended.}, Keywords = {EEG, Febrile seizure}, volume = {22}, Number = {133}, pages = {59-63}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3900-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3900-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Detection of Oseltamivir Resistant Influenza A/H3N2 viruses by Real-time RT-PCR}, abstract ={Background: Currently, with increasing risk of influenza A virus epidemics, a lot of studies have been performed. Oseltamivir or Tamiflu (the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor) is one of the effective drugs for preventing and treatment of these viruses. The H274Y mutation is from the most important drug resistant factors in influenza A viruses. The aim of this study was detection of Oseltamivir resistant influenza A/H3N2 viruses by 274 position inspection using Real-time RT-PCR. Methods: Initially, specific primers and probs for detection of sensitive and resistant A/H3N2 viruses were designed. The Real-time RT-PCR assay was performed to detect mutation in 274 position of NA gene. Results: Of 50 A/H3N2 specimens, all were negative for H274Y mutation and no resistant viruses were selected. Conclusion: Quick and accurate recognition of drug resistant mutants is necessary for effective treatment strategies. Real-time RT-PCR assay is a rapid operational test which could be performed in the laboratories for detection of influenza viruses resistant to NA inhibitor.  }, Keywords = {Influenza A/H3N2 virus, Real-time RT-PCR, Drug resistance}, volume = {22}, Number = {133}, pages = {64-69}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3901-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3901-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The study of immunoglobulin A, G and cortisol serum response in two consecutive soccer match and vitamin C supplements}, abstract ={Background: Regarding importance of anti-oxidative nutrition in recovery period especially in relation with strengthening the immune system, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect two consecutive soccer matches with vitamin C supplementation during recovery on serum immunoglobulin and cortisol in collegiate male footballers. Methods: A sampling of 36 soccer footballers from football leagues first division of Iranian universities were selected and randomly divided in to three groups. supplementation group (SG) to perform two consecutive football games and receive one-liter beverage containing 500 mg vitamin C, placebo group (PG) also performed two consecutive football games and received  the same amount of aspartame-containing beverage, while the control group (CG) did not receive any intervention. Every football match consists of two 45- minute halves with 15 minute rest time in between and was held the interval of less than 48 hours of the next contest. Supplements were consumed in period 1 hour after the second games. Blood samples were collected before and one hour after second games for measurement measuring of the relevant indicators items. The paired and independent t-test was used to assess significant within and between groups to analyze the results. Results: As can be seen in the table, the changes within the groups of IgA and cortisol (p=0.023) is significant (p=0.04) in the placebo group. Conclusion: Overall, it seems appears that vitamin C supplementation in the form of effervescent tablets in during recovery  from two consecutive soccer games can moderated  change  in serum immunoglobulin A, G  and cortisol levels in college football players   and  may reduce the incidence of URTI in these players.}, Keywords = {Soccer, Muscle Fatigue, Immunoglobulin A and G, Serum Cortisol, Vitamin C}, volume = {22}, Number = {133}, pages = {70-79}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3902-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3902-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The effects of barley grain (Hordeum Vulgare L.) during pregnancy on development and heart histopathological changes of embryos of diabetic rats}, abstract ={Background: Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy can cause heart histological changes. This study was done to evaluate the effect of barly grain (Hordeum Vulgar L.) consumption during pregnancy in diabetic rats on heart histological altrations of offsprings. Methods: In this experimental study ,60 adult female albino rats, randomly allocated into four groups including: healthy group with regular meals consumption as control, healthy which consumed barley( 10 grams per each rat per daily), diabetic with regular meals consumption and diabetic group which consumed barley( 10 grams per each rat per daily). diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 45 mg/kg/bw of streptozotocin. After confirmation of pregnancy by observing the vaginal plug on 21th days, the dams were anesthetized and embryos were removed. Crown rump length and weight of embryos wre recorded.after heart tissue processing, sections with 5 micrometer thickness were stained with H;E method. Results: Cardiomyocytes  from  change  was  seen  as  hypertrophy,  interstitial  plates  and  Purkinje  fibers reduction,  inflammation  and  congestion  of  vessels were observed in embryos of diabeticts group. These tissues alterations significantly reduced in the embryos of diabetic  group  which  consumed  barley.  The crown rump length of embryos significantly reduced in diabetic groupin comparision with controls. There was no many differences in crown rump length of embryos between diabetic consumed barley and diabetic group. The weight of embryos was non-significantly more in diabetic groups than controls. The weight of embryos reducednon-significantly in diabetic plus barley consumptionin comparision with controls.  Conclusion: The consumption of barley is beneficial in reducing heart histological alterations in embryos of diabetic rats.}, Keywords = {Diabetes mellitus, Embryo, Heart, Barley grain, Rat}, volume = {22}, Number = {133}, pages = {80-88}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3903-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3903-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Measurement of selenium level in blood of residents of Isfahan affected by multiple sclerosis}, abstract ={Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease, resulting in chronic inflammatory lesion of the nerve or destruction of myelin, the white substance of the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. This disease, like other autoimmune diseases are more common among young women in a way that most young people are affected with it. The disease affects older aged men in and is diagnosed in advanced stages. However, Isfahan has been reported as one of the high risk areas in this disease. In many studies the relation between this disease with metals such as zinc, copper and iron has been investigated. Researchers studying particular diseases have detected body element concentrations in these patients using blood or spinal fluid samples. The present study is an attempt to use the blood samples to investigate the relationship between the blood concentration of heavy metals in Isfahan area and their correlation with MS disease. Methods: To determine the selenium element level in blood of patients with MS, blood samples were obtained from 58 patients with the collaboration of MS department of Isfahan Ayatollah Kashani Hospital randomly within four weeks and were analyzed by neutron activation analysis method using t-test. Results: The results showed that selenium in the blood of MS patients are lower level than normal. Conclusion: Any deviation from the normal level of selenium can be one of the causes of multiple sclerosis, or at least it may play role in what kind of MS a patient could have. }, Keywords = {Multiple sclerosis, Isfahan, Selenium, Blood, Neutron activation method}, volume = {22}, Number = {134}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3917-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3917-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The effect of endurance and circuit resistance training on serum superoxide dismutase and heat shock protein 70 levels in inactive college students}, abstract ={Background: Different training regimes cause different physiological changes and adaptations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a four-week endurance and circuit resistance training on serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Heat shock protein (Hsp70) levels in inactive college students. Methods: Twenty-four inactive males (Age: 22.67±4.3 yrs, Weight:  69.95±14.8 kg, BMI: 23.68±3.7 Kg/m2) were randomly divided into three groups including: endurance training, resistance training and control. The resistance-training group performed circuit resistance training at the intensity of 65-80% 1RM, 3 days a week for 4 weeks. The endurance-training group performed 30-45 minute interval running at the intensity of %65-%80 of maximum heart rate.  Before and 48 hours after experimental period blood samples were taken in order to assess serum levels of SOD and Hsp70. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test were used to analyze the data. Results: Circuit resistance training significantly increased serum SOD and Hsp70 levels in inactive males (p0.05). Moreover, in the present study we observed no significant difference between groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it could be concluded that changes in Hsp70 and SOD levels following circuit and resistance training may be different. Therefore, in a short period of four-week, resistance training was more effective than endurance training.  }, Keywords = {Superoxide dismutase, Heat shock protein (Hsp70), Resistance training}, volume = {22}, Number = {134}, pages = {9-17}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3918-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3918-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Comparison of the effect of aerobic training exercise and different intensities on duration of post-exercise hypotension in middle-aged women}, abstract ={Background: Physical activity has been recognized as one of the non-pharmacological methods in the treatment of hypertensive disorders. This study aims to compare the effects of aerobic exercise performed and alternative (AI) and constant intensities (CI) in hypertensive individuals. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, subjects were 20 hypertensive women who were asked to fill in the questionnaire before being randomly distributed into two exercise groups, CI (10 individuals) and AI (10 individuals). The CI exercise consisted of 45 min at 60% of heart rate reserve (HRR) while the AI exercise consisted of 2 minutes exercise at 50% and 1 minute exercise at 70% of HRR. Blood pressure was monitored at each 30 min post-exercise recovery period up to 10 hours. Results were analyzed using independent T-test and ANOVA test. Results: Results revealed that a session of aerobic exercise with CI and AI has no significant effect on variation of average mean arterial blood pressure in middle-aged women. Conclusion: Although a session of constant and alternative intensity exercise had no significant effect on variation of average mean arterial blood pressure in middle-aged women, it led to a continual decrease in arterial blood pressure for 10 hours, which was more significant in CI exercise. As a result, aerobic exercise with CI can lower the blood pressure for a period of hours following the exercise. }, Keywords = {Hypertension, PEH, Aerobic exercise, Constant intensity}, volume = {22}, Number = {134}, pages = {18-27}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3919-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3919-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Conversation strategies in interaction between physician and \'competitor\' patient}, abstract ={Background: Physician – patient relationship can be evaluated from multiple angles. This study evaluates this issue from ;#39competitor;#39 patient perspective. Methods: The method used in this research was conversation analysis in which 33 consultations from 50 clinical counseling were recorded at Shahid Faghihi Hospital and analyzed based on conversation analysis method. Accordingly, with descriptive – analytical method the conversational strategies of the physician and competitor patient with each other were extracted. Results: Results showed that the patients used four strategies namely: uncertainty, acceptance, search certainty, and haggling. Corresponding to each strategy, physicians used the feasibility/persuasive, admonition, certainty, and if…should strategies, too. Also, physicians used other three strategies namely reviewing, ignorance and crossing, and repulsion. Conclusion: The important point is that if the interaction between physician and patient is transparent and based on active engagement, the patient has more confidence in this relation, and ;#39acceptance;#39 strategy for patient and ;#39admonition;#39 strategy for physician is created. These strategies are the participatory approaches in which the patient and physician exchange the information and this helps in treatment process and especially helps the patient to subordinate. }, Keywords = {Physician, Competitor patient, Interaction, Conversation strategy, Subordination}, volume = {22}, Number = {134}, pages = {28-40}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3920-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3920-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Survival analysis of acute myeloid leukemia}, abstract ={Background: Blood cancer (leukemia) is the cancer of blood tissue and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is the third most prevalent type in Iran. Survival time after diagnosis and its risk factors are one of the most important indicators for assessing the treatment. Methods: Data for this prospective study belong to Valiasr 2 (Imam Khomeini Hospital) AML patients during 2008-2013. A total of 85 patients were enrolled and death time was considered as failure event for them. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model were used to identify the risk factors of patient’s survival. The SPSS v.21 and SAS v. 9.2 were used for analysis of data and ;alpha=0.05 was considered as significant level. Results: Of 85 patients, 46 (54.1%) were male. The mean age at diagnosis time was 41.38 yr., and median survival time was 17.27, and 53 patients died. Age at diagnosis, marital status, smoking, bone marrow transplants, disease history, region, lodging and resistance to treatment, and some laboratory factors (such as the number of white blood cells and red blood cells, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, sodium, potassium and calcium) were significant on survival time of patients. Conclusion: Because of the importance of leukemia, especially the role of AML type in mortality, an emphasis on age at diagnosis, marital status, smoking, bone marrow transplant, disease history, region and resistance to treatment and some laboratory factors are very important in the prognosis of death in patients.}, Keywords = {Survival analysis, Cox model, Acute myeloid }, volume = {22}, Number = {134}, pages = {41-48}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3921-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3921-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The acute effects of exhaustive resistance training and different dosages of caffeine intake on IL-6 response}, abstract ={Background: Based on the limited and inconsistent results about the effects of acute methylxanthine component on exercise-induced inflammatory response, the present study was conducted to identify the effect of acute different doses of caffeine intake on serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) response in male volleyball players following one-session of exhaustive resistance exercise.  Methods: Thirty male volleyball players (aged 21.47±1.45 years, fat 10.47±3.11%, and BMI 23.15±1.26 kg.m2) in a quasi-experimental, randomized and double-blind design were allocated equally into three randomized groups: supplement groups (Caffeine intake: 6 or 9 mg.kg-1) and placebo group (Dextrose intake: 6 mg.kg-1). About 45 min after the supplementation subjects were participated in a one-session resistance weight-exercise (7 stations in 3 sets per station with 80% of one repetition maximum until exhaustive). Changes in inflammatory index (serum IL-6) were determined in three phases (baseline, 45 min after the supplementation (before exercise) and immediately post-exercise protocol).The normal data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferroni at ;alpha;le0.05. Results: The results show that the acute ingested caffeine doses of 6 and 9 mg-1 has significant effect (p;le0.05) on the basal changes in serum IL-6. Moreover, both ingested caffeine dosages of 6 and 9 mg-1 in interaction with the resistance exercise worsened the inflammatory indices as compared to placebo group (p;le0.05). Conclusion: Based on the present results, it can be concluded that acute different doses of caffeine intake at baseline induces low grade inflammation (increase in the serum IL-6) and also cannot decrease the undesirable inflammatory indices response induced by one-session of resistance exercise in male volleyball players.}, Keywords = {Interleukin-6, Caffeine, Acute resistance training}, volume = {22}, Number = {134}, pages = {49-58}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3922-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3922-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Cloning, expression and purification of HIV integrase and evaluation of its antigenicity}, abstract ={Background: Improving the performance of HIV diagnosis assays is one of the most important ways to reduce HIV transmission. Because of the high mutation rate of HIV, it is critical to use the conserved proteins to develop diagnostic immunoassay methods. Because integrase is one of the most conserved proteins of HIV, it may be a good target for this purpose. In this paper cloning, purification and immunogenicity evaluation of integrase are studied. Methods: Integrase coding sequence was cloned in pET28a expression vector. After transformation of recombinant plasmid to E. coli, protein expression was induced by IPTG. Immunogenicity of recombinant integrase was evaluated by western blotting. The protein was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Results: Induction by IPTG leads to expression of integrase. The expression level after optimization of conditions was about 40% of total proteins of E. coli. Western blotting showed specific immunoreactivity of recombinant integrase to HIV infected sera. The yield of produced protein was 75 mg per one liter of bacterial culture. Conclusion: The produced protein retains antigenic properties and can be used in diagnostic immunoassay methods. Optimization of culture and protein expression conditions results in recombinant bacteria producing high yields of protein which may be used in industrial purposes.}, Keywords = {Human immunodeficiency virus, Integrase, Immunoassay}, volume = {22}, Number = {134}, pages = {59-67}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3923-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3923-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Post graduate students’ viewpoint on research self-efficacy}, abstract ={Background: Students’ research belief has important influence on their avoiding or doing an investigation. The aim of this study was the comparison of MSc and PhD students’ viewpoints in regard to‎‎ research self-efficacy. Methods: This descriptive-cross sectional study was conducted in 2013 on 140 MSc and PhD students in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, using simple random sampling. Sample size was determined by a pilot study and calculating sample variance. Data collection tool was standardized self-administered research self-efficacy questionnaire. Statistical analysis of data was done by using SPSS- 17 software as well as independent T-test for comparison. The 7 items of the questionnaire included statistical and analytical, conceptualization, method and implementation, qualitative research, writing report, skills and proficiency and ethics. Results: Significant difference was observed between MSc and PhD students’ viewpoints regarding statistical and analytical, conceptualization, method and implementation, qualitative research, report writing and skills and proficiencies of self-efficacy scales (p=0.008, p<0.001). But no significant difference was observed in ethics scales (p=0.176). Conclusion: PhD students as compared to Msc students had more positive viewpoint in regard to research self-efficacy.}, Keywords = {Self-efficacy, Research, Student}, volume = {22}, Number = {134}, pages = {68-75}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3924-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3924-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Explore the factors affecting components of social capital in female-headed households by using path analysis}, abstract ={Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the factors affecting components of social capital in female-headed households by using path analysis. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which was carried out on female-headed households. In this study, all female-headed households were referring to the two areas of Tehran Town Hall. The data were collected using the Word Bank Social Capital (SC-IQ) which it’s validly and reliability has been confirmed. The questionnaire contains 6 components with 39 questions. Data analysis was used by software SPSS (version 22) and the software AMOS (version 22) for path analysis. Results: The average age of participants was 40.6(±9) years. The majority of women heads of household (%60.3) were unemployed. The results showed that among the components of social capital, participation in group work were significantly association with educations of women heads of household. Also, income significantly association with all components of social capital, except political empowerment. In this study, the political empowerment component was not found significantly association with any of the demographic variables (p>0.05). Conclusion: Income and education variables effect on female-headed households’s social capital in the Tehran city. By providing these indicators, especially in the field of promotion of women households can increasing the physical, psychological and social relationship promote of women and ultimately diminish the negative charge of these groups in our society.}, Keywords = {Social capital components, Path analysis, Female-headed householdsan}, volume = {22}, Number = {134}, pages = {76-83}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3925-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3925-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Nateghian, Alireza and Haghighi, Sama and Parvini, Behnaz and Poopak, Behzad and Pooriayevali, Mohammad Hasan and Parsania, Masou}, title = {Comparison of clinical .demographic and laboratory data from lower respiratory tract infection due to respiratory syncytialvirus and human metapneumovirus}, abstract ={Background: There is a large overlap among various etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a novel agent which could cause a similar clinical picture as RSV which necessitate more evaluation in developing countries Methods: In this cross sectional study, pharyngeal swabs from admitted kids with LRTI under 5 years of age were analyzied by RT-PCR methods with standard methods for both viruses and clinical and laboratory parameters were compared by appropriate statistical methods. Results: 32 cases with mean age of 14.31mo (+/- 14.98) were enrolled including 9 cases of Hmpv and 23 cases with RSV infections.56 % cases were female. There was a significant difference between two group regarding mean age [RSV cases were younger (p=0.026)]. Lymphocyte percentage were also significantly different (p=0.02).Also mean body temperature and frequency of cough were different (P values were 0.02 and 0.015 respectively).All RSV cases survived but 2 out of 9 cases of hMPV died. Conclusion: There are some diffrenet clinical and demographic issues which may help to differentiate these two viruses. More prospective studies will be helpful to clarify other possible differences among these viruses.}, Keywords = {Metapneumovirus, Respiratory syncytial virus, Children}, volume = {22}, Number = {134}, pages = {84-90}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3926-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3926-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {In vitro Inhibitory Effect of Recombinant Human Calprotectin on K562 Cell Line}, abstract ={Background: Recombinant human Calprotectin is a protein that has inhibitory effect on the growth of cancer. This substance could use as a marker or therapeutic agents for cancer. The goal of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor property of recombinant human Calprotectin on K562 cell line. Methods: Recombinant human Calprotectin was cloned and purified in E. coli. Then, different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 100 µg/ml) were prepared in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) and its antitumor property against K562 was assayed by MTT method at the presence of Doxorubicin as positive standard. Results: Results showed recombinant human Calprotectin has antitumor property against K562 cell line in a concentration and time dependent manner. Statistical analysis revealed recombinant human Calprotectin significantly (P= 0.0231) has inhibitory effect on the growth on K562. Conclusion: Based on this finding we conclude that recombinant human Calprotectin has anti-cancer properties, but its application needs further studies.}, Keywords = {K562, Recombinant human Calprotectin, Anticancer properties}, volume = {22}, Number = {134}, pages = {91-100}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3927-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3927-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Comparison study of therapeutic effect of dextrometorphan and essence of Thyme (Zatara Multiflorian) in acute and non-productive cough}, abstract ={Background: Although cough is the defensive mechanism of the host for cleaning tracheobronchial tree, it is sometimes protracted and not useful. For cough suppression anti-tussive drugs is used. Thyme (Zatara Multiflorian) suppress cough. In this study the therapeutic effect of Thyme (Zatara multiflorian) and its side effects was compared with Dextrometorphan. Methods: In this double blind clinical trial study 80 patients with acute nonproductive cough were enrolled with 40 patients in Dextrometorphan group and 40 patients in thyme group. Information was encoded before and 7 days after treatment and analyzed with EP16 software. Results: Complete recovery rate was higher in Thyme group, but partial improvement was higher in Dextrometorphan group which was not significant (p<0.05). Side effects such as drowsiness, vertigo, headache, nausea and abdominal pain were not different between the 2 groups.  Irritability, convulsion, vomiting and skin allergy were not seen in 2 groups. Conclusion: Therapeutic effects of thyme is similar to Dextrometorphan.}, Keywords = {Cough, Dextromeorphan, Thyme}, volume = {22}, Number = {134}, pages = {101-106}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3931-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3931-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Comparison of the effect of the exercise time (morning or evening) and the amount of Troponin T in men with cardiovascular diseases}, abstract ={Background: Our body is under the influence of a 24-hour period which regulates body temperature, blood pressure, metabolism, hormone secretion and their functions. Thus, it is probable that while doing exercise or following that the function of the body varies in different parts of the day. The goal of the present study was to assess the effect of the time of exercise (morning or evening) on the amount of Troponin T in men with cardiovascular diseases. Methods: To carry out this semi-experimental study, 15 men with cardiovascular diseases were selected as the participants of the research. On the day of the test, the participants gave a blood test at 7 o’clock in the morning and then carried the exercise protocol out in presence of a physician. Then, the participants gave blood tests immediately after exercising and 3 hours after that. A week later the participants took the same steps with the same method but at 7 o’clock in the evening. Through SPSS v.20, the data were analyzed using dependent T test for comparing average of pretest and posttest of anytime (morning and evening) and comparing both tests in both morning and evening. Results: The results of the present study revealed that there was no significant difference in the amount of Troponin T in the morning and evening before (p= 0.15), immediately after and 3 hours after the same maximum exhaustive exercise (p= 0.22, p= 0.30). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, the circadian rhythm and day-and-night cycle are not affected by intense exercise in response to the myocardial tissue. Consequently, patients with cardiovascular diseases can exercise either in the morning or in the evening as they wish. }, Keywords = {Exercise, Troponin T (cTnT), Cardiovascular disease}, volume = {22}, Number = {134}, pages = {107-114}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3934-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3934-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Effects of aerobic training, extract of Althaea kurdica flower and noise stress on the anxiety-related behaviors of wistar male rat}, abstract ={Background: There is a long history of using physical activities and herbal medications to cure psychological diseases such as stress and anxiety. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of training, extract of Althaea kurdica flower and noise stress on the anxiety of Wistar male rats. Methods: Thirty-five male rats were randomly divided into five groups: the noise group (n=7), training+noise group (n=7), extract+noise group (n=7), training+noise +extract group (n=7), and the control group (n=7). The aerobic training was performed 5 days per week, for a 60-day period. The noise stress included exposure to traffic noise 5hrs/per day over a 60-day period (range: 95±15 dB). The althaea kurdica extracts (IP) (500mg/per kg of body weight) were injected 30 min prior to the plus maze test. The control group (n=7) was not exposed to any noise or exercise, and was kept away from the sources of stress the rats were kept under the same conditions. For the statistical data analysis, one-way ANOVA and LSD tests were used (p;le0.05). Results: The results showed that in the (noise+training+extract) and (training+extract) groups, the anxiety was less than and the noise group was higher than that of the control group (p<0.01). It seems that aerobic training and extract injections had eliminated the effect of noise stress, and apparently the effect of aerobic training was more significant than that of the extracts.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {22}, Number = {135}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3935-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3935-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Effect of 6-week Pilates exercises on low back pain, abdominal and back muscle endurance in patients with chronic low back pain due to disc herniation}, abstract ={Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Pilates exercises on low back pain and abdominal and back muscle endurance in patients with chronic low back pain caused by disc herniation. Methods: For this purpose, 30 male and female patients with chronic low back pain due to disc herniation (age =51.28 ± 5.16) were divided into experimental and control groups (n=15). The experimental group underwent 6-week Pilates exercises whereas the control group received conventional treatment at the same time. Analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the data. VAS scale, trunk flexion endurance test, and modified Biering-Sorenson test were used to assess variables, abdominal muscle endurance and back muscle endurance, respectively. Results: Results showed that 6-week Pilates exercises caused a significantly low back pain reduction (p=0.001) and a significant increase in abdominal muscle endurance (p=0.001) and back muscles endurance (p=0.001) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, Pilates exercises were effective in improving low back pain, abdominal and back muscle endurance in patients with chronic low back pain caused by disc herniation. Hence, cautious prescription of Pilates exercises for these patients would be beneficial.}, Keywords = {Pilates Exercises, Low Back Pain, Disc Herniation}, volume = {22}, Number = {135}, pages = {9-17}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3936-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3936-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Comparison of the ability to make a suitable environment for the growth and differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells among various biological scaffolds}, abstract ={Background: Although the presence of articular cartilage progenitor cells is already known, but due to lack of blood supply, its ability to heal is poor. In past, tissue engineering approaches has been mainly focused on the collection and culture of chondrocyte cells on biodegradable scaffolds such as polyglycolic acid in vitro and their autologous transplantation. Recently, due to the difficulties in collecting these cells, research have shifted to stem cells to chondrocyte production. Biological scaffolds with good mechanical properties are important factors for tissue engineering and to provide a suitable environment for optimal growth and differentiation of stem cells. In this study, the efficacy of three scaffolds including alginate, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and fibrin glue (FG) in creation of the perfect environment for the growth and differentiation of mesenchymal stem was evaluated. Methods: In this study, the alginate and PLGA and FG scaffolds were prepared and mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from adipose tissue. Then, these cells were cultured and differentiated on the three scaffolds, separately. After 2 weeks, chondrogenic gene expression analysis was performed for each scaffold by Real time PCR. Results: The results of this study showed that the highest expression of chondrogenic genes was in the FG compared to other scaffolds. Conclusion: It was seen that natural scaffolds have a huge potential for appropriate growth and differentiation of cells.}, Keywords = {Tissue engineering, FG, Alginate, PLGA, Mesenchymal stem cells}, volume = {22}, Number = {135}, pages = {18-28}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3937-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3937-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Predicting diabetes using artificial neural network}, abstract ={Background: Diabetes ever-increasing prevalence and the heavy burdens of controlling and treatment of the disease on people and the country have turned to be greatest challenges for governmental and healthcare authorities. Therefore, the disease prevention takes top priority and to do so the only possible way is detecting the effective parameters and controlling them. This study is about to foresee diabetes rates on the basis of some effective factors and using the artificial neural network.  Methods: This study is conducted in 2014 by using R and SPSS software on 13423 participants of the study evaluation of risk factors of non-communicable diseases which was run in 2007. All the participants were older than 25 and with uncontrolled diabetes. A three-layer artificial neural network was used to evaluate the data, and to choose the best model the area under the ROC curve (AURC) and the prediction accuracy were applied. In this model both applied activation functions were Sigmoid. Results: The three-layer artificial neural network with the architecture of (53:20:2) was identified as the best  model as the area under the ROC curve (AURC), the training prediction accuracy, and the test prediction accuracy were 72.7%, 92%, and 91.6% efficient, respectively. Conclusion: Since in artificial neural network there is no need for common assumption of classic statistical methods and its high prediction accuracy (53:20:2) it is highly recommended to apply this model in predicting diabetes.and factors affecting it, that requires a separate study and research.}, Keywords = {Artificial neural network, Diabete, Under the ROC curve}, volume = {22}, Number = {135}, pages = {29-37}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3938-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3938-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Evaluation of the photocatalytic removal of pentachlorophenol by UV/ZnO from aqueous solutions}, abstract ={Background: Pentachlorophenol is an organic compound and one of the primary pollutants and is carcinogenic. Extensive use of pentachlorophenol in the world has created a lot of pollution in soil and water. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of pentachlorophenol removal process using UV/ZnO and investigate the influence of parameters is to remove pentachlorophenol. Methods: This is a fundamental study, which was conducted in the laboratory scale. Factors affecting such as concentrations of pentachlorophenol, pH, time and ZnO dose in removal pentachlorophenol from aqueous solution selected and evaluated. The measurement of pentachlorophenol was done by high-performance liquid chromatography. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS v. 16 software.  Results: The results showed that by reducing the pentachlorophenol concentration and pH, increasing the amount of nanoparticles, pentachlorophenol removal efficiency has increased (89% for pH=3 VS 60% for pH=8). According to the results, UV radiation alone has little effect on the removal of pentachlorophenol. Ultraviolet radiation on zinc oxide nanoparticles, pentachlorophenol removal efficiency increases by about 90%. The kinetic analysis of the photoreduction showed that the removal of PCP is according to the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model (R2=0.979). The adsorption isotherm data (in the first 30 min without UV) were fitted to Freundlich isotherm model. FTIR analysis revealed that O-H and C-O-H play an important role in the sorption of pentachlorophenol.     Conclusion: According to the results, the photocatalytic process UV/ZnO in acidic conditions can be used as an effective method for removal of pentachlorophenol from water sources. }, Keywords = {Photocatalysis, Pentachlorophenol, Zinc oxide, UV radiation}, volume = {22}, Number = {135}, pages = {38-52}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3939-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3939-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Optimization and evaluation effect of ultrasound on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PTCC 5269) biomass in PDB medium based on whey using response surface methodology (RSM)}, abstract ={Background: It is better to use agricultural by-products or waste for microbial production to reduce costs in the industry. Whey is one of the by-products that are rich in nutrients like vitamins, proteins and essential amino acids. Low-intensity ultrasound stimulation can improve membrane permeability and also help optimize the growth and reproduction of cells. According to high efficiency of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the fermentation industry, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasound and the use of whey as alternative substrate carbohydrate substrates on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Methods: PDB medium was formulated by adding a certain amount of dextrose and 1% whey. Ultrasound was applied to the medium containing yeast with three powers (2, 6 and 10 W) at different time periods (10, 20, 30 sec). The amount of cell mass was measured after fermentation process for control and treated samples. Results: Optimum operating conditions obtained from RSM was the power of ultrasound 6 W, sonication time of 20 seconds and Add 10% glucose. Results showed that ultrasonic waves (with a power of 6 kW and 30 seconds) and medium containing whey increased the growth of yeast (from 8/14 to 6/64 mg). Conclusion: Based on the results, the low-power ultrasound can expedite fermentation process up to 4 times, also using nutritious compounds in whey new media could be created to increase fermentation output and prevent possible pollutions. Whey is used as a novel and applied method to enhance the growth of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which will ultimately increase the growth efficiency of the microorganisms.  }, Keywords = {Fermentation product, Whey, Ultrasound}, volume = {22}, Number = {135}, pages = {53-65}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3940-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3940-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Evaluating the relation between adiponectin levels and bone mineral density in active and non-active men}, abstract ={Background: Recent evidence suggests that adiponectin may play a role in bone metabolism. However, little is known about the effect of doing exercise in this relationship. The aim of this study was to determinate the relationship between the adiponectin levels and bone mineral density in 50-70 years old active and non-active men. Methods: This is an analytical study. Thirty active and thirty non-active 50-70 years old men took part in this research. Bone mass density of femur and lumbar vertebras were measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and adiponectin was measured by ELISA method. Data were analyzed through independent t-test and Pearson correlation. Results: Femur (p=0.02) and lumbar (p=0.03) bone mass density and adiponectin were significant higher in athlete group. There was negative significant relationship between adiponectin with bone mass density in active and non-active men. Conclusion: Regular participating in exercise training can increase both bone mineral density and adiponectin in 50-70 years old men but it seems that the negative relation between bone mineral density and adiponectin is not affected by exercise. }, Keywords = {Adiponectin, Active and Non-active men, Exercise, Osteoporosis}, volume = {22}, Number = {135}, pages = {66-74}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3941-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3941-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Role of extracellular matrix in peripheral nerve regeneration process}, abstract ={In severe injuries that led to the destruction of peripheral nerve, repair cannot be spontaneously carried out and medical intervention is required for successful regeneration of damaged nerve. In these cases, the common treatment method is use of nerve autografts, whereas this method has many limitations, nerve regeneration researchers seek to provide alternative methods. So far, one of the important methods that have been proposed to the retreatment of peripheral nerve injury is the use of biological scaffolds. In the meantime, many researchers believe that due to the important role of extracellular matrix in promoting the reconstruction, making scaffolds from the components of extracellular matrix can provide the appropriate mates for growth of axons via simulating the physical and chemical structures of the normal extracellular matrix. Therefore, understanding the role of the extracellular matrix components in the process of peripheral nerve reconstruction is necessary for researchers in the fields of nerve regeneration and tissue engineering. However, in the present study we tried to prepare an overview on the major components of extracellular matrix in peripheral nerve regeneration process.}, Keywords = {Peripheral nerves, Regeneration, Autograft, Extracellular }, volume = {22}, Number = {135}, pages = {75-88}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3942-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3942-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {IgM antibody against herpes simplex viruses type II in pregnant women admitted to obstetrician clinic of Rasoul Akram Hospital}, abstract ={Background: With regarded to the increase in predisposing of infection with herpes simplex viruses in newborns from mothers who have primary infection in genital region, and few studies done in this object, we aimed to assess the amount of  IgM antibody against herpes simplex viruses type II in pregnant women admitted to obstetrician clinic of Rasoul Akram Hospital. Importance of this study underlies in estimation of infection in pregnant women, which is helpful in health management and selection of best delivery method. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the participants were pregnant women admitted to obstetrician clinic of Rasoul Akram Hospital from May 2014 to August 2014. Questionnaires were completed by 17 pregnant women. Serum samples were collected from these pregnant women for measurement of HSV-2 IgM antibody. Results: In this study, of 151assessed samples, 11.3% (n=17) had IgM antibody against Herpes simplex type II, while bb.7% (n=134) had no IgM antibody. In this study IgM antibody has been more frequent in 10-20 years age group and women from poorer social and economic status and without literacy. Conclusion: Genital herpes and increase in the number of deliveries are two important risk factors regarding the amount of IgM antibody against herpes simplex viruses type II.  }, Keywords = {Herpes simplex virus, ELISA, Antibody, Pregnancy }, volume = {22}, Number = {135}, pages = {89-96}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3943-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3943-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The Comparison of shoulder complex muscles strength between elite volleyball female players due to the scapula position}, abstract ={Background: Scapula displacement has a noticeable impact on the muscles’ function around the shoulder girdle and scapular stabilizer muscles in particular. Current study aims to compare the strength of shoulder’s complex muscles between elite female volleyball players with regard to the scapula positioning. Methods: Twenty four elite female volleyball players who were selected randomly ( ranging from 20 to 30 years old ) and 5 years;#39 experience of premier league, after matching considering hight, weight and shoulders width, divided into two groups consisted of athletes with retracted scapula and protracted scapula. Those with 16 to 18 cm scapular distance categorized as retracted scapula subjects and those with higher than 18 cm classified as subjects of protracted scapula. The lateral scapula slide test (LSST) method was applied to determine scapular positioning, and the performance of shoulder complex muscle strength was examined using an isometric myometer (MIE). Descriptive statistics were implemented and a normal distribution was confirmed. Student;#39s paired t-test and independent t-test were used to assess the differences between the two groups and between dominant and non-dominant sides (p<0.05). Results: This study indicated significant difference between the two protracted and retracted groups in retraction movement (p= 0.001). This means that the abducted scapula group had higher retraction movement than retracted scapula players. In addition, the dominant side of both groups exhibited higher strength than the non-dominate side (p<0.05). Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in relative strength of agonist to the antagonist muscles, except in the protraction to retraction movement, which implies higher strength of the retracted scapula players (p= 0.001). Comparison of scapular distance in both groups had no effect on dominant side both groups had higher strength in dominant side. Conclusion: Findings indicate that among the implemented movements by the two elite athletics groups, significant difference is observed only in the retraction movement of the protracted scapular group and the ratio of protraction to retraction in the retracted scapular group. Moreover, the distance of scapula had no significant impact on the dominant and non-dominant side, because the dominant side had more strength rather than the non-dominant side in the both groups. }, Keywords = {Strength, Shoulder complex, Elite, Position of scapula}, volume = {22}, Number = {135}, pages = {97-107}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3944-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3944-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnoses of mucocutaneous lesions in oral cavity}, abstract ={Background: Mucocutaneous lesions in the oral cavity have similar clinical features andhistopathological examination of the lesions is important for reaching a correct diagnosis. The aim of this study was to assess the concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnoses in mucocutaneous lesions of the oral cavity during 10 years (2003-2012) in Babol Dental School. Methods: In this retrospective study, records related to 150 patients with mucocutaneous lesions were analyzed in Babol Dental School from 2003 to 2012. Patient's data including age, gender, location of lesions, first, second and third clinical diagnosis that listed and histopathological diagnosis were recorded. Data analysis was done by SPSS software and Kappa and Mac Nemars tests. Results: Present study showed that in 132 cases (88%) with oral mucocutaneous lesions, there was agreement between clinical and histopathological diagnoses. This concordance was 96.4% about lichen planus. Regardless of a case of lupus that clinically was not diagnosed, the highest percentage of inconcordance was found about lichenoid reaction in 53.3% of cases. Conclusion: In order to reach a more accurate diagnosis of mucocutaneous lesions, clinical and histopathological features of lesions is needed.}, Keywords = {Mucocutaneous lesions, Oral cavity, Clinical diagnosis, histopathologic findings}, volume = {22}, Number = {135}, pages = {108-114}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3945-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3945-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Effect of various doses of Lavandula officinalis on acute pain in rat}, abstract ={Background: The use of medicinal plants is important in reducing pain. Extracts obtained from the leaves of Lavandula officinalis (Lamiaceae) are used in Iranian folk medicine as remedies for anti-nociceptive effects. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of pretreatment with different doses of Lavandula officinalis ethanolic extract on hot plate induced nociception in male Wistar rats. Methods: This experimental study was carried out on 28 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g. Acute pain was investigated using a hot plate test with set point 52.8 °C and cut off time of 60 seconds. In this experiment rats were divided into 4 groups. Control group received distilled water and three treatment groups received different doses of lavender ethanolic extract (100, 200, 400 mg/kg, respectively) 1 hour prior beginning of experiment via gastric gavage. The data were compared using one way ANOVA (post hoc LSD). Results: Lavender extract with 400 mg/kg dose significantly increased latency to respond to heat stimulus 5 and 15 minutes after beginning of the experiment. Conclusion: Although further studies are needed, the results indicate that lavender extract might be beneficial in patients suffering pain.}, Keywords = {Lavandula officinalis, Hot plate, Pain}, volume = {22}, Number = {135}, pages = {115-121}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3946-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3946-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Developing the "medicalization" concept: patient or customer, dream or reality, treatment or trading}, abstract ={"Medicalization" occurs when the non-medical issues are defined and treated in the medical field. The purpose of this study was to develop the concept of medicalization and the transition of the concept from patient to the customer, truth to wishes and treatment to trading. The study is a review research conducted through reviewing the library and electronic resources to develop medicalization’s concepts. This research is focused on the prominent authors;#39 findings on causes and consequences of medicalization. One of the consequences of medicalization is that the patients become to customers. In addition, there is a growing number of health issues which may be treated based on patients;#39 wishes not reality. On the other hand, pharmaceutical companies efforts to develop artificial market, and to convince people to use their products. Considering human problems as medical problems is a mistake we commit about the nature of the world. To this regard, we must distinguish between body and mind, and in treatment consider the mind and social problems as well. We should not consider human as a machine that can be repaired, and attempt to treat patients when symptoms of malfunctioning is observed. }, Keywords = {Medicalization, Concept Development, Patient, Consumer}, volume = {22}, Number = {135}, pages = {122-130}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3948-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3948-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Application of Bayesian logistic regression for determining the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy}, abstract ={Background: Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases of this century. Retinopathy and makulopati are two most important implications of diabetes. In this study, Bayesian logistic regression is used to assess the factors affected on diabetic- retinopathy. Methods: Study population of this cross-sectional study contains all diabetic patients in Tehran of which 623 of them were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Age, BMI, hemoglobin, cholesterol, hypertension, duration of diabetes, etc were measured and the status of diabetes were assessed. Bayesian logistic regression was applied using SAS 9.2 software. Results: Of 623 diabetes patients, 54.4% (339 patients) were female and 45.6% (284 patients) were male. In 38% (n=236) of patients diabetic retinopathy were occurred and mean (±SD) age of females and males were 59.5±11.05 and 60.5±11.65 years, respectively. Using Bayesian logistic regression, statistically significant associations were revealed between diabetic retinopathy and age, sex, type of insulin, duration of diabetes and macular edema. Conclusion: Estimates from Bayesian and classical logistic regression were almost similar in magnitude and direction, but, Bayesian model were provided shorter confidence intervals.}, Keywords = {Diabetic retinopathy, Risk factors, Bayesian logistic regression}, volume = {22}, Number = {135}, pages = {131-139}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3949-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3949-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Explore the factors affecting components of social capital in women-headed households by using confirmation analysis}, abstract ={Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the factors affecting components of social capital in women -headed households (WHH) by using confirmation analysis. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which was carried out on all WHH. The data were collected by using the Word Bank Social Capital (SC-IQ) which its validity and reliability have been confirmed. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 and AMOS version 22 for confirmation analysis and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among the 300 WHH which were investigated, 181 (60.3%) were unemployed with the average age of 40.6 (9.5 ±) years old. The results showed that among the components of social capital, participation in group work were significantly in association with education of WHH. Income had a significant association with all components of social capital, except political empowerment. The political empowerment component did not have a significant association with any of the demographic variables (p>0.05). Conclusion: Income and education variables had effect on WHH’s social capital in the Tehran. Thus, by providing these indicators, especially in the WHH as a vulnerable group in society, the physical, psychological and social will be promoted. }, Keywords = {Social capital components, Women-headed households, Confirmation analysis}, volume = {22}, Number = {135}, pages = {140-148}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3950-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3950-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {HosseinpourShoja-abad, Shahram and Kahrizi, Sedigheh and soltanian, Alireza and Razi, Mohamm}, title = {Do the two groups of the patients with ACL deficient (potential copers and Non-coper) differ on the knee muscles strength and postural stability?}, abstract ={Background: anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) has destructive effects on the postural stability and muscle strength of the knee and cause to impair the neuromuscular control. Patients with ACL injury divided to Coper and Noncoper groups. The purpose of this study has been to compare the muscle strength and postural stability of the two groups of the patients with the ACL- injury: Coper and Noncoper Methods: In this case control study, 23 athletic individuals with ACL rupture (11 coper, 12 noncoper) and 12 healthy athletic control ones, completely  matched with case groups as demographic parameters, have participated. The Strength and postural stability have been evaluated. Postural control has been evaluated through the Biodex Stability System in two levels (4 & 8). The muscle strength has been evaluated by Isokinetic dynamometer and parameters are set at angular velocity of 60°/s and concentric form. Results: Both groups of coper and noncoper of the patients with ACL injury have less postural stability compared to the control subjects, so that the Coper group have the greatest changes in the postural stability of the individuals(p<0.05). Also, the quadriceps muscle strength of the noncoper group is less than healthy group (p=0.00). Conclusions: The coper group with regarding the muscle strength and noncoper group with regarding the postural stability  act so similar to the control subjects.}, Keywords = {Anterior Cruciate Ligament injury, Coper, Non-coper, Isokinetic Strength, Postural Stability}, volume = {22}, Number = {136}, pages = {1-11}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3992-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3992-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Pourmarzi, Davoud and Razi, Maryam}, title = {Awareness about Necessary of Rabies Vaccination after Dog Bite Occur}, abstract ={Background: Rabies is one of the most important zoonosis. Rabies vaccination after dog bite incidence is important way for prevention of this disease. This article aimed to determine awareness about necessity of rabies vaccination among dog bite victims in Rasht city. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. During one year, we surveyed all cases at least 16 years old of dog bite that referred to rabies vaccination centers in Rasht city. During research period we surveyed 482 cases of dog bite. For data collection we used researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistic, chi square test, independent samples t test, analyses of variance and logistic regression.    Results: Only 59.8% of subjects were aware of necessaries of rabies vaccination after dog bite. In comparison of illiterate individuals, having elementary and secondary education level (OR= 3.45, CI: 1.54-6.02), high school education level (OR= 4.65, CI: 2.09-10.35), university education level (OR= 7.60, CI: 2.92-19.73) increase chance of be aware about necessaries of rabies vaccination but inhabit in rural area decrease this chance (OR= 0.57, CI: 0.36-0.89). Conclusion: High percentage of population is unaware about necessity of rabies vaccination after dog bites occur. Designing and performing educational programs about this issue especially at rural area and people with lower educational level are necessary. Also educational level at designing and performing educational programs should be considered.}, Keywords = {Rabies, Vaccination, Awareness, Dog bite}, volume = {22}, Number = {136}, pages = {12-20}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3993-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3993-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Khodashenas, Bahareh and Ghorbani, Hamid Reza and Binaeian, Ehs}, title = {Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using E.coli bacteria}, abstract ={Background: Today, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles is very common due to their many applications in various fields. The synthesis of these nanoparticles is done by means of physical, chemical, or biological methods. However, due to its inexpensive and environmentally friendly features, the biological method is more preferable than the other two methods. Previous research has shown that nitrate reductase enzyme released by microorganisms, is a major factor in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. In the present paper the effects of nitrate reductase enzyme amount and silver nitrate concentration on nanoparticles synthesis were studied. Methods: Silver nanoparticles obtained from biosynthesis using E. coli supernatant were synthesized. Finally, to be more accurate, Uv-VIS spectrophotometer and dynamic light scattering DLS were applied. Results: Using Uv-Vis spectrophotometer, wavelengths for silver nanoparticles in concentrations of 0.001M silver nitrate, one with 5 and the other with 20 cc of the bacterial supernatant containing the soluble nitrate reductase enzyme was calculated as 415, and 405 nm, respectively. Also, the climax was seen in 435 nm for 0.01M silver nitrate with 20 cc of the bacterial supernatant. The spectrophotometer determined the silver nanoparticles’ sizes for 0.001M containing 5 and 20 cc bacterial supernatant as 74.47, and 45.73 nm, respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that by increasing the amount of bacterial supernatant  containing the soluble nitrate reductase enzyme, the size of produced silver nanoparticles will be smaller. Also, it was found that by increasing the concentration of silver nitrate the size of produced nanoparticles increases.}, Keywords = {Silver nanoparticles, Biosynthesis, E.coli}, volume = {22}, Number = {136}, pages = {21-26}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4068-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4068-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {22}, Number = {136}, pages = {27-34}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4093-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4093-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Daneshyar, 1) Saeed and Kordi, 2) Mohammad Reza and Gaeini, 3) Abbas Ali and Kadivar, 4) Mehdi and Afshari, 5) Samane}, title = {The effect of endurance training on gene expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP-1) in white visceral adipose tissue of retroperitoneal depot of male Wistar rats}, abstract ={The studies about the effect of exercise training on expression of Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP-1) in different adipose depots were few. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks endurance training on expression of this gene in retroperitoneal adipose tissue of wistar rats. Methods: 20 rats were purchased, and were divided randomly into two groups included: 1) Control (n=10) and 2) Endurance Training (n=10). After two weeks of acclimatization with Environment, the subjects of training group underwent continues endurance training on treadmill for eight weeks. After training program, rats were euthanized under an intraperitoneal injection of xylazin-ketamine and retroperitoneal adipose tissue were quickly dissected out and frozen. The Syber Green Real Time (RT) –PCR method were used to measure the gene expression of UCP-1. Data showed that the gene expression ration of UCP-1 was significantly higher in trained group than control (P<0.05, 3.11±1.28 v.s 1.00) and Body weight (290±6.60 v.s 310±5.05) and body mass index (0.54±0.02 v.s 0.60±0.01) were significantly lower in trained group than control (P<0.05). Conclusion: Long term Endurance exercise training slightly lead to decrease of weight loss and body mass index, to increase of expression of thermogenin protein namely UCP-1 (a main marker of browning of white adipose tissue). In this regard, exercise training has additional and different effect in increasing energy expenditure and probably plays a role in weight loss through the changing of gene expression pattern}, Keywords = {Endurance training, UCP-1, White adipose tissue}, volume = {22}, Number = {136}, pages = {35-45}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3995-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3995-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Tarbali, Sepideh and Khezri, Shiv}, title = {The study of spatial working and reference memory in experimental model of multiple sclerosis after treatment with vitamin D3}, abstract ={Background: The hippocampus, a vital center for learning and memory, is extremely vulnerable to neurological diseases.Several reports of cognitive and memory impairment have been published in patients with Multiple sclerosis (MS). The prevalence of MS is highest where environmental supply of vitamin D is low. In the present study spatial working memory and reference memory after treatment with vitamin D3was assessed in an experimental model of MS. Methods: For demyelination induction, 2µl lysolecithin was injected streotaxically into the CA1 area of hippocampusin male rat. Animals treated with vitamin D3,received 5&mug/kg vitamin D3 for 14 and 21 days post lesion with intraperitoneal injection. Histological assessments of the demyelination process were done with specific myelin staining. The spatial working memory and reference memory were investigated by radial arm maze. Results: Administration of lysolecithin as the inducer of MS disease caused demyelination and impairment of spatial working and reference memory at days 14 and 21 post lesion in lysolecithin treated animals. While the administration of vitamin D3 for 14 and 21 days caused improvement of spatial working and reference memory compared to the group receiving lysolecithin alone. Conclusion: It seems that treatment with vitamin D3 is able to prevent spatial working memory and reference memory reduction in an experimental model of MS. However, evaluation of beneficial effects of vitamin D3 on the spatial memory in MS patients, requires much more extensive clinical studies}, Keywords = {Multiple sclerosis, Vitamin D3, working memory, spatial reference memory, Rat.}, volume = {22}, Number = {136}, pages = {46-58}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3996-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3996-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The effect of endurance training on left ventricle hp-1β gene expression in Wistar male rat}, abstract ={Background: Epigenetic changes is one of the most important outcomes of Physical activity results, and Heterochromatin Protein 1&beta; is one of main factors of this processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance training on left ventricle hp-1&beta; gene expression in Wistar male rats. Methods: 20 rats (241±7.3 g) 8 weeks of age randomly assigned to control (n=10) and experimental (n=10) groups. The experimental group performed a 14-week treadmill running program (6 days per week, with 30 m/min speed), then heart dimensions and weight were determined using m-mode and weighing, respectively. They were anesthetized and sacrificed 48 hours after. The heart was extracted and then Real time-PCR method was used to determine hp-1&beta; gene expression level of in the left ventricle. Finally the data obtained were evaluated using t-test. Results: weighted indexes showed that the weight of isolated left ventricle and heart in experimental group more than control group, and also left ventricle of experimental group was bigger than control group, as the left ventricle-to-body weight ratio of experimental group (2.3±0.18) was significantly more than control group (2.049±.12). Also the left ventricle-to-BSA ratio of experimental group (0.168±0.008) was significantly more than control group (0.153±0.006), these finding was coincided with significantly (p<0.05) increase of hp-1 gene expression (49 fold) in left ventricle of experimental group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that endurance activity induce increase in heart internal dimension and also weight of it especially in left ventricle that this structural changes was coincided with hp-1beta gene expression change. This means each tissue remodeling was accompanied with gene change.}, Keywords = {hp-1β, Physical Endurance, Heart, Left ventricle}, volume = {22}, Number = {136}, pages = {59-66}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4094-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4094-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Zarringol, Mina and Fazeli, Mohammad Reza and Razmi, Nematollah}, title = {Effect of lactic acid bacteria isolated from sourdough on phytic acid}, abstract ={Background: Phytic acid is phosphated compound that exists as potassium - magnesium salt in aleurone layer of cereals. Phytic acid has a strong ability to chelate  many minerals, such as calcium, iron and zinc. It changes these essential minerals to insoluble complexes and inhibits minerals bioavailability. In this study, effect of several lactic acid bacteria (casei, fermentum, plantarum and acidophilus) sourdough on phytic acid of baguette bread was investigated.  Methods: To each of the dough sample , bacterial suspension containing 108 (cfu / g) bacteria of each Lactobacillus strains, was inoculated separately and held for 20 hours at 37 ° C. after baking, the amount of phytic acid in each sample evaluated and compared with the control sample ( without bacterial suspension ). phytic acid content was determined by  spectrophotometric method (the total phosphorus content was determined using the Molybdovanadate Method). Results:  The mean of phytic acid content of the blank sample, was 186.17 mg per 100 g , and mean of phytic acid  in sourdough lactic acid bacteria were 138.84 (fermentum), 126.22 (acidoohilus) , 148.31 (casei) and 129.37 (plantarum) mg per 100 g respectively. The results showed that the effect of sourdough derived from lactobacilli in reducing the amount of phytic acid , in comparison with control sample ,is significant  (P ˂0.05 ). Conclusion: sourdough lactic acid bacteria, significantly reduced levels of phytic acid of baguette bread. ​​ L. acidophilus , caused the highest decreasing in phytic acid  and  L. casei, the lowest.}, Keywords = {Lactic acid bacteria, Phytic acid, Sourdough, Baguette bread}, volume = {22}, Number = {136}, pages = {67-77}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3999-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3999-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Impact of Emergency department internship course on medical interns’ clinical performance‎ by ‎DOPS test}, abstract ={Background: Evaluation of clinical skills, investigates routine tasks of a physician in the workplace. Direct observation procedural skills or DOPS test is used to evaluate clinical procedures. The aim of this study was determination of impact of emergency department internship course on medical interns’ clinical performance‎ and its affecting factors by ‎this test. Methods: This study was semi-experimental and DOPS test was applied to all emergency department interns two times at the beginning and end of the study period and the assessor scored them according to a checklist suited for interns’ performance. Test scores were compared by Wilcoxon test. Results: In total, 76 participants were able to fulfill the first and second tests. The mean (SD) of test scores was from 12.35(±1.59) to 13.60 (±1.28) which shows 1.25 score increase (p= 0.00). Conclusion: DOPS test showed that clinical performance of interns has increased significantly during one month of emergency course, so investigating of effective variables in improving clinical competencies of future physicians seems very useful.}, Keywords = {DOPS, Assessment, Clinical practice, Emergency, Medical interns}, volume = {22}, Number = {136}, pages = {78-86}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4095-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4095-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {parzadeh, sediqeh and karimi, kasra and fatemi, seyed kamalodi}, title = {Effect Of Phototherapy On Platelet Level In Newborns Admitted To The Tonekabon Shahid Rajai Hospital 2013-2014}, abstract ={Background: phototherapy is broadly used for treatment  ichter, therefore phototherapy and its side effects are important, platelet depletion can to bleeding and serious complication, so it is necessary to study carefully the phototherapy effect on platelet level. Methods: this research is an Descriptive-cross sectional and prospective study in Shahid Rajaee Hospital, Tonekabon, during 2013-2014.The number of infants investigated are 100ichteric neonate , Before start of phototherapy, the infants’ platelets were measured by a counter, however the neonates with less than 150000mm3 platelets were eliminated. after Phototherapy was done, the number of platelets is checked. The infants, who needed blood exchange, sepsis, ABO-Rh incompatibility and other sorts of illnesses, were eliminated. information was recorded in checklist, they analysed by spss18 statistically. Results: This study showed that among 100infants understudied, 61of them ranged platelet reduction after phototherapy, that 9neonates in this group showed the platelet level less than 150000.the average platelet levels before phototherapy was 233400with S.D 55621.19and the average of platelet levels after phototherapy was 228420with S.D 167083.27.there wasn’t a significant relation between platelet levels before phototherapy and after it.this reduction revealed a significant relation toward the amount of platelet among term infants whom their platelet levels were 250000-300000 before phototherapy, which related to phototherapy duration, weight, total bilirubin, gestational age and phototherapy intense. Conclusion: phototherapy cause the platelet level reduction, although the platelet reduction was in Normal range.}, Keywords = {Ichter, neonates, phototherapy, platelet}, volume = {22}, Number = {136}, pages = {87-97}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4001-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4001-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The effects of extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field on biochemical properties of the prostate cancer cell line, DU-145}, abstract ={Background: In the recent decades, there has been an increasing effort to study possible biological effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs). In this study, the effects of 50 Hz, 0.6 mT pulsed electromagnetic field on proliferation and biochemical properties, in a prostate cancer cell line, DU-145, and the simultaneous treatment of these cells with electromagnetic field and anticancer drug, berberine, were explored Methods: Control and treated cells were seeded in separate plate dishes and cell proliferation, concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), survivin expression and DNA damage were studied by MTT assay, Fluorescence spectrometry, Western blotting and Comet assay, respectively. Results: Our results showed a significant increment in cell proliferation and intracellular concentration of ROS after 24-72 hours of continuous exposure to the field. The treatment did not affect the expression level of the cancer biomarker, survivin, but acted as a genotoxic agent and increased DNA single and double strand damages. The results also showed that continuous exposure to the applied field does not have any effect on the cytotoxic activity of berberine in DU-145 cells. Conclusion: On the whole, it seems that the studied electromagnetic field acts as a tumor promoter in this cell line, possibly through induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage.}, Keywords = {Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields, Prostate cancer, Oxidative stress, Survivin, Berberine}, volume = {22}, Number = {136}, pages = {98-108}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4096-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4096-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Gene Expression Data Clustering with Random Forest Dissimilarity}, abstract ={Background: The clustering of gene expression data plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. These kinds of data are typically involve in a large number of variables (genes), in comparison with number of samples (patients). Many clustering methods have been built based on the dissimilarity among observations that are calculated by a distance function. As increasing the dimensions reduces the performance of distance functions, most of the methods provide low accuracy. In this paper a new dissimilarity measure is introduced based on a classification method, called Random forests (RF). The performance of this new measure has been evaluated in the gene expression data. Methods: In this article, the clustering problem of Chowdary data set, using the RF dissimilarity measure, is under consideration. At the first step, the clustering problem is converted to classification problem, thereafter the new dissimilarity is calculated using the classification method of random forests. Finally, the data are clustered with a partition around mediod algorithm and the results are then evaluated by adjusted rand index. All the analysis is implemented with R software. Results: The value of adjusted rand index (0.8149) represents an acceptable agreement between clusters and true groups. The most effective gene in constructing the clusters was gene no.31 which was detected by using the unique ability of RF that is identifying the importance of variables. Conclusion:  The random forest dissimilarity is an efficient criterion for measuring dissimilarity in gene expression data clustering. Detection of effective genes in clustering that is done with RF, helps the researcher in the diagnosing and treatment of the cancers}, Keywords = {Clustering, Gene expression data, Random forest dissimilarity, Variables importance}, volume = {22}, Number = {136}, pages = {109-118}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4097-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4097-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Karimi, Zeynab and Tol, Azar and Majlessi, Fereshteh and Sahaf, Robab and RahimiForoushani, Abbas and Kia, Fatemeh}, title = {Survey the effect of educational intervention in the context of physical activity to improve the quality of life of older men in Qom.}, abstract ={developing countries, Diseases and problems of this developmental stage can enter the much expense on governments and cause many disability that severely affects the quality of life of older people. The aim of this study was survey the effect of educational intervention in the context of physical activity to improve the quality of life of older men in Qom. Methods: A quasi-experimental intervention study with a sample size of 140 subjects in intervention and control groups randomly from among of the population pensioners were selected of Qom was implemented. Scale used in this study was WHOQOL-Old questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed by face to face with the questioner. For data analysis the descriptive statistics and chi-square test and analysis of variance with repeated data were used The significance level in this study p<0.05 were considered. Result: Based on the results the average life quality score in control group that did not receive of education was 3.67±0.3That this amount to 3.75±0.31 was changed. The mean quality of life in the intervention group before the intervention was 3.75±0.31 that after intervention, this rate in the intervention group was changed 3.96±0.32 that represents increase of the quality of life in the intervention group (p <0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of the study interventional education on physical activity is effective in improving the quality of life in older adults. On the other hand, can be using assess the quality of life of elderly people came to know the dimensions of the problems and challenges in older adults. According to its findings and policy, health care, social support, strengthening the cultural and economic well taken effective steps to improve the quality of life.}, Keywords = {Elderly, Quality of life, Education, Physical activity}, volume = {22}, Number = {136}, pages = {119-126}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4004-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4004-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {salehi, masoud and roustaei, narges and vahabi, nasim and jamali, hosein and jahanian, sara and ayatolah, seyed mohammad taghi i}, title = {Application of longitudinal models in assessing the effect of prophylactic YAG ridotomy on corneal endothelial cells in Primary angle closure glaucoma suspects}, abstract ={Introduction: Primary angle closure glaucoma suspects is one of the common causes of blindness in the world and methods of treatment are associated with side effects such as loss of corneal endothelial cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects YAG laser peripheral iridotomy on count and morphology of endothelial cells in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma suspects. Method: In this prospective study, all 34 patients with primary angle closure glaucoma,  referring to Poustchi and Motahari clinics during 2012-2013, were exposed to YAG laser peripheral iridotomy. Central count and morphology of endothelial cells were assessed before and 3months, 6 months and 9 months after YAG laser peripheral iridotomy.   Bayesian transition and Bayesian random effects models were used for assessing of count and morphology of endothelial cells.   Result: In this longitudinal study, 88.2% (30 patients) of patients were female and 11.8% (4 patients) were male and mean (±sd) of  their age were 53.41±7.903 years. None of the variables had significant effect on morphology of endothelial cells and only variable age had significant effect on count of endothelial cells. Discussion: The results showed that the number and morphology of corneal epithelial cells of primary angle closure glaucoma suspects patients has no detrimental effect by YAG laser peripheral iridotomy and can be used as a prophylactic procedure with minimal side effects in these patients.}, Keywords = {Bayesian transition model, Bayesian random effects models, YAG laser, peripheral iridotomy, primary angle closure glaucoma suspects.}, volume = {22}, Number = {136}, pages = {127-137}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4005-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4005-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Vitamin D has an active role in the immune system. This study is aimed to evaluate serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in children with burns.}, abstract ={Material and Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study which was done in children ward of burn injury hospitals in 2012- 2014, 118 patients were studied. A checklist consists of age, sex, the degree burns, entire surface of burn, serum level of 25-OH-VitD, total protein, albumin, phosphorus, calcium, ionized and total calcium and PTH conducted. Data were entered into SPSS v.16 and analyzed. Results: A hundred and eighteen patients (68 (57.6%) male and 50 (42.4%) female) with mean age of 4.04 (SD= 3.04) years old were studied. Mean level of 25-OH-VitD was 14.58 (SD= 6.94) ng/ml. Ninety five (81.35%) had 25-OH-VitD lower than 20 ng/ml and 19 (16.10%) had 25-OH-VitD between 21- 30 ng/ml. We found significant correlation between 25-OH-VitD and total protein, albumin, Ca and significant negative correlation between 25-OH-VitD and body surfac]e area (p Value= 0.001). Discussion: Level of 25-OH-VitD in children after severe burns is low and these patients need to use vitamin D supplement. Level of 25-OH-VitD was not sufficient in 96.61%, while 81.34% had deficiency and 16.10% had insufficiency.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {22}, Number = {136}, pages = {138-144}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4007-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4007-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Takbiri, Mahan and mahdavishahri, Naser and Baharara, Jav}, title = {Decellularized Matrix of Lung Tissues and its Role as a Scaffold in the Differentiation of Blastema Cells in vitro}, abstract ={Background: Increasing number of patients facing end-organ failure, as well as the therapeutic challenges surrounding allotransplantation, has catalyzed the evolution of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The successful recapitulation of development requires choosing an ideal scaffold material as a mediator of biochemical and biophysical signals. The extracellular matrix (ECM) functions as a scaffold for tissue morphogenesis and provides cues for cell proliferation and differentiation. Rabbit decellularized lung tissue was used for fabrication of scaffold.                Method: In this experimental study, the fabrication of scaffold from rabbit lung tissue was done via snap freezing method, use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cell bleaching. Interactions between scaffold and blastema tissue were evaluated and scaffolds were placed in blastema rings and stored in culture media for 30 days. Sampling of blastema and scaffolding tissues was done for every five days.             Result: Histological and microscopic analysis confirmed the removal of cells from prepared scaffolds and porosity was done for lung tissue scaffold. The penetration, proliferation and differentiation of cells was also studied when blastema tissues were cultured on scaffold by using different days          Conclusion: In this study, a three-dimensional natural scaffold was fabricated from lung tissue using SDS treatment. The prepared scaffolds can have an inductive effect on the cell behaviors such as migration, penetration, division, and probable differentiation. However, further studies are necessary to demonstrate the identity and behavior of the cells and scaffold characterization. It seems obtained scaffold after decellularization of lung tissue can be used as suitable model for primary research in lung tissue engineering}, Keywords = {tissue engineering, Decellularization, Natural scaffold, Blastema tissue}, volume = {22}, Number = {136}, pages = {145-157}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4009-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4009-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Predict the risk of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disease through sleep quality and chronic fatigue in shiftworkers}, abstract ={Background: Current research have shown that among psychological factors, sleep quality and chronic fatigue plays a role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. The purpose of this study was to predict the risk of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disease through sleep quality and chronic fatigue in shiftworkers. Methods: 195 shift workers of an industrial company were selected by stratified random sampling and they completed survey questionnaires. The scales used for this study were 18-item physical diseases questionnaire (with two subscales), 11-item sleep quality questionnaire and 10-item chronic fatigue questionnaire. Results: The results showed that there is significant correlation between shift workers sleep quality and risk of physical disease and its subscales (p<0.0001). There is significant linear correlation between shift workers’ chronic fatigue and risk of physical disease and its subscales (p<0.0001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that there are relationships between shiftworkers sleep quality and chronic fatigue with risk of physical disease (R2=0.266, p<0.0001). Conclusion: Overall, , based on these findings, we can say that poor sleep quality and chronic fatigue of shiftworkers increases risk of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases.}, Keywords = {Sleep Quality, Chronic Fatigue, Physical Disease, Cardiovascular Disease, Gastrointestinal Disease, Shiftworkers }, volume = {22}, Number = {136}, pages = {158-166}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4099-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4099-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Ahmadi, Rahim and Zand, Bahareh}, title = {The effect of different periods of darkness on serum levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and cortisol in male rats}, abstract ={Background: Studies have shown that variation in light-dark cycle influences secretion of many hormones. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different periods of darkness on serum level of LH, FSH, testosterone and cortisol in male rats. Methods: In this laboratory experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (exposed to 12h light - 12h dark), and experimental (exposed to13, 15, 18 or 21h darkness/day) groups,and there were 6 rats in each group. After 8 weeks, blood samples were collected and following serum collection, the levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and cortisol were measured. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results: Serum LH, FSH levels significantly decreased in rats exposed to darkness for 18 and 21 h/day compared with control animals (p<0.05). Serum level of testosterone and cortisol was significantly decreased in all groups exposed to darkness compared to control animals. Serum level of DHEA significantly decreased in groups exposed to darkness for 15, 18 and 21 h/day compared with control animals. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that prolonged periods of darkness results in decreased serum level of testosterone, cortisol and DHEA and leads to increased LH and FSH according to which, darkness can be considered as a factor leading to sexual disorders  and disorders related to cortisol. }, Keywords = {Light-dark cycle, LH, FSH, testosterone, Cortisol, DHEA, Rat}, volume = {22}, Number = {137}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4069-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4069-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Ghasempour, Abdollah and Ramzani, Valillah}, title = {The comparison of emotion cognitive regulation strategies and impulsivity in normal adolescents and with Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder}, abstract ={Background: Emotion cognitive regulation strategies and impulsivity are of affection factors in adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of the study was to compare adaptive and maladaptive emotion cognitive regulation strategies and impulsivity and its dimensions motor, cognitive and non-planning in normal boy adolescents and with ADHD. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and post event study (causal-comparative method), and study statistical population was all boy student of Amol town high school. The study sample comprised of 40 people (20 people with ADHD and 20 normal people) who were selected by convenient sampling method. Data were collected using Achenbach Youth Self-Report Scale (YSR), Garnefski & Kraaij emotion cognitive regulation questionnaire, Barrat Impulsivity Scale and clinical interview. To analyze the data Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t independent test and multi-variate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used. Results: The mean age of the adolescents with ADHD was 15.05 ± 0.60 and normal 15.10 ± 0.71 years. Results revealed that mean scores of maladaptive emotion cognitive regulation strategies (ADHD: 17.65±4.95, normal: 14.35±4.45), general score impulsivity (ADHD: 69.20±11.04, normal: 56.80±8.10), motor impulsivity (ADHD: 22.65±4.22, normal: 18.15±3.97), cognitiver impulsivity (ADHD: 21.15±3.43, normal: 18.05±2.30) and non-planning (ADHD: 25.40±6.90, normal: 21.05±4.85) in adolescents with ADHD were greater than controls significan (P<0.05). However, scores of the two groups in the adaptive emotion cognitive regulation strategies (ADHD: 24.40±7.24, Normal: 24.90±4.78) were not significantly different (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the finding of the present study it can be concluded that adolescents with ADHD compared with normal adolescents use more maladaptive emotion cognitive regulation strategies and impulsivity.}, Keywords = {Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Emotion cognitive regulation strategies, Impulsivity.}, volume = {22}, Number = {137}, pages = {9-18}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4070-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4070-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {AbadifardAzar, Farbod and Dehdari, Tahereh and Dehdari, Laleh}, title = {The expectations of supervisors in Iran University of Medical Sciences from Ph.D students in performing Ph.D thesis}, abstract ={Background: Knowing the expectations of supervisors may affect the quality of graduate students;#39 theses. The aim of this study was to explore expectations of supervisors from Ph.D students in the process of performing Ph.D thesis as a qualitative content analysis design (conventional method). Methods: This qualitative study was conducted on 25 supervisor of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2014 which were purposefully selected and interviewed. All interviews were recorded and then transcribed. Results: The mean age of participants was 48.6 (SD=6.60) yr. old. After analyzing and coding of data supervisors had 3 expectations from PhD students. These expectations consists of the task of students in the process of performing thesis with 5 categories (including selection of subject, preparation and registration of proposal, data collection, writing and defense of thesis and acceptance process of the article), essential pre-requisites for performing thesis with 5 categories (included acceptance supervisor, academic pre-requisites, unrealistic expectations from supervisor, needed cognitive-psychological skills and considering the time) and finally communication with 2 categories (included method of communicate with supervisor and meet the expectations of department). Conclusion: Informing PhD students regarding the expectations of their supervisors, in the process of performing thesis may reduce unrealistic expectations and ultimately lead to an improved quality of thesis.}, Keywords = {Expectation, Supervisor, Qualitative research, PhD student, Dissertation}, volume = {22}, Number = {137}, pages = {19-30}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4071-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4071-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {RostamiFasih, Zeinab and Mesdaghinia,, Alireza and Nadafi, Kazem and NabizadehNodehi, Ramin and Mahvi, Amir Hossain and Hadi, Mahdi}, title = {Forecasting the air quality index based on meteorological variables and autocorrelation terms using artificial neural network}, abstract ={Background: Air Quality Index (AQI) quantifies the relationship between air quality and the level of health. The value of AQI may be predicted using neural network model for a day in advance, based on the meteorological variables and autocorrelation behavior of the index in Kermanshah, a city in western Iran. Methods: Data for air pollution and meteorological variables, collected during three years, were lagged   for two proceeding days. The AQI for a next day was considered as dependent variable and other were used as predictors. The performance of model was assessed with correlation coefficient (r). The most important variables to predict the AQI were identified using sensitivity analysis. Results: The r coefficient for the training, validation and testing the model was 0.75. Among the meteorological variables, the horizontal view and precipitation had a greater impact on the AQI. One day proceeding precipitation can significantly reduce the amount of AQI for the next day. An inverse relationship was found between AQI and horizontal view. Conclusion: The proposed model can be used to predict the Kermanshah’s AQI index. Regarding to the issue of air pollution in this city, especially fine particulate pollutions if such a model is used dynamically to predict the AQI, it can be useful tools for the declaration of an air pollution alert. The preparation of an online model-based system for the prediction of AQI index for Kermanshah city is suggested to be conducted in future studies.}, Keywords = {Forecasting, Artificial neural networks, Meteorological variables, Air quality index}, volume = {22}, Number = {137}, pages = {31-43}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4073-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4073-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Identification of enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) pathotype using PCR technique in under 5- years old children in Tehran and evaluation of their antibiotic resistance patterns}, abstract ={Background: Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) pathotypes are belonging to enterobacteriaceae family that is known as agent of gastroenteritis and diarrhea in under 5 year old children.  These bacteria have high prevalence in developed and developing countries that may cause severe diarrhea even death. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of these pathotypes are different in various regions and are dependent on many factors. Awareness of the patterns is necessary for physicians in order to treat infections. This research is aimed to identify of EPEC pathotypes in diarrheal fewer than 5 years old children and study the patterns of antibiotic resistance of these strains in Tehran. Methods: 300 samples were collected from children with diarrhea visited in children Hospital in Tehran. Bacterial isolates confirmed as E.coli species on the basis of standard bacterial and biochemical tests. All isolates E.coli species were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of eaeA (intimin) gene in terms of EPEC pathotypes. Then, antibiogram test for EPEC pathotypes was performed using 16 different antibiotic disces by disc diffusion agar (Kirby-Bauer) method. Results: Among all specimens, 36(12%) isolates bearing eaeA gene were confirmed as EPEC using PCR. 22 specimens(61.1%)  62% of identified pathotypes were isolated from under 1 year old children. All pathotypes were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem. Antibiotic resistance toward amoxicillin and tetracycline23(63.9%)  (64%) was higher than others. Also 24 isolates(66.7%) (67%) showed multi-resistant pattern toward several routine antibiotics. Conclusion:  Since EPEC pathotypes are diagnosed as agent of diarrhea in children in our country, identification of these pathotypes showed be made through novel techniques. Antibiotic resistance of EPEC pathotypes toward classic antibiotics including tetracycline and amoxicillin is increasing. Evaluation and detection of antibiotic resistance pattern of these pathotypes is very important for effective treatment and decreasing of resistance toward antibiotics}, Keywords = {Multi-antibiotic resistance, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Childhood diarrhea}, volume = {22}, Number = {137}, pages = {54-62}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4075-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4075-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Factors affecting the relationship between doctor and patient and their effects on the self-care behaviors of type II diabetes patients referred to the health houses under the supervision of Abyek health center}, abstract ={Background: Diabetes is the most common metabolic disease in the world. The most important factor in controlling the disease is self-care. If there is interaction between patient and service providers, it would ultimately contribute to the better control of diabetes. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between doctor and patient and self-care behaviors. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional analysis. 500 out of 752 diabetic patients were selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires containing demographic information, self-care behaviors, patient health and doctor and patient relationship. Frequency tables, chi-square, independent t and ANOVA tests were used to examine the relationship between demographic characteristics and self-care. Also, multiple linear- regression was used to predict the affecting factors on the self-care. Results: There was a significant association between doctor and patient relationship and parameters like age, presence of diabetes complication and symptoms of depression. Doctor and patient relationship after the duration of diabetes was the strongest predictor of self-care behavior. Conclusion: Doctor and patient relationship could predict self-care behaviors in type II diabetes patients. One factor influencing the doctor-patient relationship is the patient’s lack of access to a specialist. Therefore, it is suggested to conduct a similar study in urban areas and examine the doctor-patient relationship and its impact on the self-care behaviors.}, Keywords = {Diabetes type 2, Self-care, Doctor and patient relationship}, volume = {22}, Number = {137}, pages = {63-74}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4076-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4076-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {NasriNasrabadi, Mehdi and Shamohamadi, Rasul}, title = {Measurement of selenium level in blood of residents of Isfahan affected by multiple sclerosis}, abstract ={Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease, resulting in  chronic inflammatory lesion of the nerve or destruction of myelin, the white substance of the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. This disease, like other autoimmune diseases are more common among young women in a way that most young people are affected with it. The disease  affects older aged men in and is diagnosed in advanced stages. However, Isfahan has been reported as one of the high risk areas in this disease. In many studies the relation between this disease with metals such as zinc, copper and iron has been investigated. Researchers studying particular diseases have detected body element concentrations in these patients using blood or spinal fluid samples. The present study is an attempt to use the blood samples to investigate the relationship between the blood concentration of heavy metals in Isfahan area and their correlation with MS disease. Methods: To determine the selenium element level in blood of patients with MS, blood samples were obtained from 58 patients with the collaboration of MS department of Isfahan Ayatollah Kashani Hospital randomly within four weeks and were analyzed by neutron activation analysis method using t-test. Results: The results showed that selenium in the blood of MS patients are lower level than normal. Conclusion: Any deviation from the normal level of selenium can be one of the causes of multiple sclerosis, or at least it may play role in what kind of MS a patient could have. }, Keywords = {Multiple sclerosis, Isfahan, Selenium, Blood, Neutron activation method}, volume = {22}, Number = {137}, pages = {75-83}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4077-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4077-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Determining the effect of an educational intervention based on constructs of Health Belief Model on Promotion of Physical Puberty Health among student girls}, abstract ={Background:  Factors  such as lack of proper knowledge on health  period  of  menarche leads to wrong behavior in this period. But we can transfer knowledge and basic skills to students by teaching and changing their behavior. Consequently, present study mainly aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on Health Belief Model (HBM) on promotion of physical puberty health among the girls in Gonbad in 2014. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental. In this study102 girl students were selected using random sampling method. Data collection was performed through a designed questionnaire based on HBM model. We used test re-test to investigate the reliabity of the questionnaire and the questionnaire was evaluated by competent Professors in order to determine its content validity. The 30 participants filled out questionnaire befor the intervention. Education intervention was performed for intrvention group. Educational intervention in case group was a speech, along with group discussion, and application of pamphlet and educational booklet. Two groups filled out questionnaires three months after completion of intervention. The data were analyzed through SPSS v.22 software using Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney,Mac-Nemar, Wilcoxon, t-test, and analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Results: Findings of the present study showed that demographic variables were not significantly different in two groups. Before and three months after the education in the intervention group, Knowledge scores raised from 52.07 ± 9.7 to 81.09± 7.25, practice from 48.06 ± 10 to 53.94± 11.32, susceptibility from 61.72 ± 10.4 to 79.6± 9.6, severity from 66.33 ± 7.98 to 77.5± 6.88, benefits from 66.2 ± 8.51 to 76.78± 6.99, barriers from 58.84 ± 11.81 to 43.64± 10.57, cues to action from 26.61 ± 16.85 to 46.21± 16.05, and self-efficacy from 78/16 ± 9/33 to 93/32± 7/04. They were significantly different in the intervention group (p< 0.05), but not in the control group (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the educational intervention strategy  based on HBM Model could bring significant changes in the awareness and behaviour of adolescent girls. Different types of training is recommended based on health educational models on promotion of physical puberty health.}, Keywords = {Physical puberty, Educational Intervention, Health Belief Model.}, volume = {22}, Number = {137}, pages = {84-94}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4078-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4078-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Ahamdi, Rahim and Naghavi, Elnaz and Molaei, Sedigheh}, title = {The effect of waterpipe smoking and chronic immobilization stress on serum creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase activities in female rats}, abstract ={Background: Various studies indicate that there is association between life style and various enzyme activities. This study was conducted to determine the effects of waterpipe smoking and immobilization on serum creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase activities in female rats. Methods: In this experimental study female Wistar rats were divided into control, waterpipe smoking, immobilized, and immobilized waterpipe smoking groups of 7 in each. Exposure to waterpipe smoke was performed 10 times/day for 10min with 5 min resting time interval and animals were chronically immobilized twice a day for 2 hr each time. After 7 weeks, blood samples were collected using cardiac puncture technique and enzyme activity was measured using spectrophotometry. The data were compared statistically between groups using ANOVA. Results: Serum creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher in immobilized waterpipe smoking than immobilized or waterpipe smoking rats (p=0.009, 0.012 and 0.046, 0.047, respectively). Moreover, the enzyme activity was higher in waterpipe smoking than immobilized rats (p= 0.031 and 0.048, respectively). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that prevalence of waterpipe smoking and immobilization in our society is a serious threat to health. The necessity to control these factors and publicizing the related information seems inevitable for public health.}, Keywords = {Creatin kinase, Alkalin phosphatase, Waterpipe smoke, Immobilization, Rat}, volume = {22}, Number = {137}, pages = {95-101}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4155-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4155-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Assessing environmental risk caused by Zanjan’s Paverood dam in its construction stage using a combination of TOPSIS and RAM-D}, abstract ={Background: The aim of this study was to investigate through the environmental risks in which Paverood Dam causes in its constructions stage. Methods: After collecting the information related to the environmental conditions of the under study area and the technical conditions of the dam during its construction stage, a list of the possible risk factors were prepared and combined into a questionnaire and presented to a group of professionals including elites and professors with relevant field of study in dam civil engineering. The number of samples was determined on the basis of Cochran’s formula. First, the samples were asked to score the risks present in the area as in Likert type scale form. The given scores were analyzed through PHA and TOPSIS methods to prioritize the identified risks of Paverood. Results: RAM-D method was used to assess the risks accordingly, the effect on Sorkhabad conservatory with score 9, erosion with score of 6 and working in heights and danger of earthquake with score of 3 were identified as the most crucial risks of Paverood Dam. Conclusion: Environmental management plans are essential to decrease environmental risk factors of the dam in its construction phase therefore, the risk decreasing procedures are suggested at the end for the purposes of dealing with the identified risks.}, Keywords = {Environmental risk assessment, Dam, TOPSIS method, RAM-D method, PHA method }, volume = {22}, Number = {138}, pages = {1-11}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4080-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4080-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Kinematic comparison of anterior cruciate ligament injury risk between men and women during cutting maneuver}, abstract ={Background: Women and men significantly differ in the extent of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Based on the evidence, gender especially contributes in non-contact mechanism of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The purpose of this study was to compare the movement patterns of the ACL injury risk between men and women during cutting maneuver. Methods: 13 men and 13 women of national squash team (mean (SD) age: 23.04±6.6 and 24.7±4.1, respectively) selected as subjects of this study. Reflective markers set on their body and cutting maneuver recorded in sagittal and frontal plane by two high speed cameras. “Winanalyze Software” analyzed the recorded video and the collected data were analyzed using independent t test through SPSS 21 and p value  less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results showed that at initial contact there was significant difference in knee flexion (p=0.001), knee valgus (p=0.013) and trunk flexion angles p=0.001) while at mid stance phase trunk flexion angle showed significant difference between men and women (P&le0.05). Conclusion: Women significantly have increased knee valgus, knee extension and trunk extension during cutting maneuver. These factors clearly explain high potential of ACL injury risk.}, Keywords = {ACL Injury, Cutting maneuver, Gender, High risk movement patterns }, volume = {22}, Number = {138}, pages = {12-22}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4081-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4081-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Effect of two different tapes on knee anterior shear force during single-leg jump-landing test among elite male volleyball players with chronic inversion ankle sprain}, abstract ={Background: Today, different types of tapes used for prevention and treatment of chronic inversion ankle sprain. The purpose of current study was to investigate the effect of two different tapes (white and Kinesio tape) on peak knee anterior shear force during landing after the jump among elite volleyball players with chronic inversion ankle sprain. Methods: In this semi- experimental study, 12 elite male volleyball players with history of chronic inversion ankle sprain with age (SD) of 22.04±3.10 years, mass (SD) of 79.74±4.56 kg and height (SD) of 188.75±5.85 cm were selected. Jump-landing task was performed in three conditions: barefoot, ankle white taping and ankle Kinesio taping. A force plate system was used to record the ground reaction forces. Posterior component of reaction forces in sagittal plane considered as knee anterior shear force and normalized to body weight. For analysis the data, ANOVA repeated measures method was used in SPSS v. 20 (p<0.05). Results: There was no significant difference between three conditions of white tape, Kinesio tape and barefoot landing in knee anterior shear force (p>0.05, for all conditions). Conclusion: Intervention of two types of tape could not lead to reduction in risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury in single limb landing. Thus, two studding tape could not recommended as safe intervention in ACL injury prevention during landing}, Keywords = {Anterior shear force, Non-elastic tape, Elastic tape, Jump-landing task, Inversion ankle sprain.}, volume = {22}, Number = {138}, pages = {23-31}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4083-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4083-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Determining effectiveness of multimodal parent management training combined with methylphenidate on academic achievement, oppositional and behavioral symptoms of school aged children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder}, abstract ={Background: Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience academic difficulties. Stimulants have limited effect on cognitive abilities important to academic progress and that academic interventions are indicated in children with ADHD. Poor academic programs and other aspects of ADHD may cause conflict with parents and there is little information on the efficacy of multimodal parental management training that includes academic assistance and (Parental management training) PMT combined with methylphenidate. The current study evaluates the adjunctive efficacy multimodal parental management training in children with ADHD treated with methylphenidate. Methods: Participants were 62 parents of children with a principal diagnosis of ADHD, being treated by child and adolescent psychiatrist .The children were aged between 6 to 12 years. Parents were randomly divided into 2 groups: the intervention group (who participated in 6 sessions for 2 hours multimodal PMT (N=31) and a control group (N=31). Individuals were included only if their children were taking Ritalin for at least 3 months and they should not be absent more than 1 session in a program. Participants in two groups filled demographic data questionnaires and were given a pretest that was Conners;#39 Parent Rating Scale-Revised (CPRS-R) plus academic questions. Posttest was given after 6 educational sessions in sample group and after 1 and 3 months in both groups. Finally, the mean pretest and posttest scores were analyzed with SPSS v.16 software. Results: There were no significant differences in pre intervention measures between the two groups. After intervention, the mean scores of CPRS-R between the two groups was significantly different in the two groups for academic achievement (p&le0.001), hyperactivity (p&le0.004), inattention (p&le0.008), impulsivity (p&le0.001) and oppositional behaviors (p&le0.001). Conclusion: Multimodal PMT combined with methylphenidate can be recommended for parents of children with ADHD to enhance the academic achievement and reduce problem behaviors of school aged children (hyperactivity, inattention, impulsivity, oppositional). }, Keywords = {Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Multimodal Parental Management Training (MPMT), Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised (CPRS-R)}, volume = {22}, Number = {138}, pages = {32-44}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4084-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4084-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Dehghani, Maryam and Gohari, Mahmood Reza and Khodakarim, Soheil}, title = {Identification of related genes with survival in renal carcinoma by using lassoed principal components method}, abstract ={Background: Identification of correlated genes with survival by gene expression data is an important application of microarray data. The purpose of this study is to identify correlated genes with survival of conventional renal cell carcinoma (cRCC) patients based on gene expression profiles. Methods: This study is a survival analysis with high dimensional covariates and containing 14814 gene expression measurements from 177 patients with cRCC. Lassoed principal components (LPC) method is used for identification associated genes with survival. LPC score uses information of all of gene expressions for computation a gene score. Finally False Discovery Rate (FDR) method is used to identify significant genes. Statistical analysis is done with using the R software. Results: The lowest error is satisfied with using the cutoff 0.001 for FDR criteria and with studying 1041 related genes with survival of cRCC patients. Conclusion: 11 genes are identified as most significant genes with survival of cRCC patients, after ranking the genes with their LPC scores with regard to their differentially expressions. The LPC scores of these 11 genes are negative, so increase of these gene expressions are related to increase of the survival of cRCC patients and in the other words the increase of these gene expressions are protective factors in cRCC patients}, Keywords = {High dimensional data, Microarray, Gene expression, Survival analysis}, volume = {22}, Number = {138}, pages = {45-51}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4162-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4162-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Different types of 3D dosimetres: a review}, abstract ={Modern radiotherapy techniques try to deliver the radiation dose by steep gradient. Protocols for these complex treatment delivery techniques are important and extremely sensitive to errors in treatment delivery. To minimize such errors, 3D dosimeters were developed as a relative method for improving dose monitoring and delivery. The aim of this study is to analyze the capability and drawbacks of different types of 3D dosimeters such as Fricke gel dosimeters, Hypoxic gel polymers, Normoxic gel polymers and  3D radiochromic solid polymer known as PRESAGE. The results of studies show that the optimum method of dosimetry in radiation therapy is using PRESAGE dosimeter}, Keywords = {Dosimetry, Chemical dosimeters, 3D dosimeters}, volume = {22}, Number = {138}, pages = {52-58}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4086-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4086-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Determination of serum vitamin D and its association with abdominal obesity, hypertension and impaired fasting glucose among employed women in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (RUMS) 2012}, abstract ={Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of the most dangerous risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Vitamin D deficiency may have a role in MetS. The purpose of this study was to determine some of the factors of MetS including abdominal obesity, hypertension (HTN), and impaired fasting blood glucose (IFG) according to the new IDF (International Diabetes Federation) definition among the employed women in the administrative section of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2012. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in 2012. Women were selected by census method (N=161). The formal consent was received individual questionnaire was completed for each part icipant. Blood pressure and anthropometric indices including height, weight and waist circumference were measured using standard equipment. Participants were asked for taking fast blood sample in a special private laboratory. HTN, abdominal obesity, and impaired fasting glucose or diabetes mellitus were detected by IDF criteria. Vitamin D was detected equal or more than 31 ng/dl as adequate and less was considered as deficiency or insufficient. Results: Results showed that 6% of participants have sufficient vitamin D and 94% of them had vitamin D deficiency. Accompaniment of vitamin D concentration and fasting blood glucose was observed. The mean level of vitamin D in individuals at risk of raised blood pressure, IFG and central obesity was lower compared to the normal individuals. The prevalence of HTN, central obesity and IFG were 16.6%, 84.5% and 26.6%, respectively. Conclusion: Accompaniment of vitamin D concentration and fasting blood glucose may be a predicator of diabetes mellitus. High prevalence of HTN, central obesity and IFG are alarming, because they will increase the risk for cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes in future.}, Keywords = {Abdominal obesity, Hypertension, Impaired fasting sugar, Vitamin D, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {22}, Number = {138}, pages = {59-67}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4087-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4087-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Design and production of recombinant interferon beta construct with specific mutations in Kozak sequence due to promote translation}, abstract ={Background: Interferon beta is one of the most important members of group I interferons and is the main drug for multiple sclerosis treatment. Interferon beta has short half life and this compels patients to make frequent use of medicine. According to its clinical usage there is broad effort to improve translation level and protein production. There are several important factors which effect protein production that Kozak sequence is one of the most important one. Method: Specific primers were designed due to induce site directed mutations by SOEing PCR (Splicing by overlap extension / Splicing by overhang extension (SOE) PCR) method. Three PCR reactions needed to amplify recombinant interferon beta gene. The final recombinant gene and pSVM plasmid were digested by EcoRI and then ligated by DNA ligase enzyme. After transformation plasmid extraction was done and the structure of the recombinant plasmid confirmed by digestion and PCR. Finally, approved recombinant plasmid was transfected to CHO cell line by using Lipofectamine kit. Result: Genetic engineering methods were used to produce recombinant interferon beta gene. Production of recombinant construct including specific mutations in Kozak sequence was done by using SOEing PCR method. The white colonies were detected after transformation. Plasmid extraction was done and the structure of recombinant plasmid was confirmed by digestion and PCR. Expected length of fragment was observed after digestion. The CHO cells were cultured and recombinant plasmids were transfected to CHO cell line. Conclusion: These mutations will enhance and improve interferon beta protein production. The influence of these mutations in protein production will survey by using ELISA method in next phase of research.   }, Keywords = {Kozak sequence, Interferon beta, SOEing PCR, CHO cell line}, volume = {22}, Number = {138}, pages = {68-77}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4088-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4088-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Evaluation of protective effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of raspberry fruit on the methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats}, abstract ={Backgrounds: Methotrexate (MTX) is an antimetabolite chemotherapeutic agent commonly prescribed for various cancers and autoimmune diseases. Despite its considerable therapeutic effects, nephrotoxicity is an important side-effect of treatment with MTX. Raspberry fruit is able to protect biological systems from the harmful effects of free radicals. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of raspberry fruit on the methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods: 54 male Wistar rats were divided into 9 groups: group 1 (control), group 2 sham (normal saline 0.3ml/day), group 3 received a single dose of methotrexate (20 mg/kg BW) at the 3rd day, groups 4–6 received raspberry extract (100, 200, 400 mg/kg BW, respectively) for 10 consecutive days. Groups 7-9 received raspberry extract (100,200,400 mg/kg BW, respectively) for 10 consecutive days and at the 3rd day 1-h after injection of raspberry extract, a single dose of methotrexate (20 mg/kg BW) was applied. All injections were performed intraperitoneally. At day 11, rats were killed and blood serum and kidney of all groups were collected in order to investigate the histological and serologic changes. Results: A significant increase in the levels of serum urea, creatinine and uric acid along with renal tissue damage in the group receiving methotrexate was observed. While treating with raspberry fruit extract ameliorated the symptoms in methotrexate treated rats. Conclusion: According to the results of this study raspberry extract has protective effects against nephrotoxicity induced by methotrexate.}, Keywords = {Raspberry, Nephrotoxicity, Methotrexate.}, volume = {22}, Number = {138}, pages = {78-87}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4089-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4089-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The comparison of the attention function between heroin abusers and normal individuals}, abstract ={Background: Drug addiction is one of the main concerns of mental and social damages in current  century with unpleasant consequences for affected person. The present study aims to compare the attention functions in heroin abusers compared with normal controls. Methods: The method of current research was causative-comparative with two groups of heroin abusers and normal individuals. Therefore, 30 men consumers of heroin and 30 normal individuals were selected using convenience sampling. The substance users were selected from addiction treatment center in Gonabab city. The normal group included 30 normal individuals matched in terms of age, sex and education with the first group. The data were collected using Stroop test, Spatial Cueing and Change Detection. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis through SPSS v.19 software.  Results: The outcomes of multivariate analysis showed significant difference between attention functions for group of heroin abusers with normal individuals (p<0/0001). Conclusions: Heroin abuse has undesired adverse effects on attention function in heroin abusers. Attention dysfunction affects the everyday life of the individual and his activities. It is recommended that desirable treatment strategy is designed for heroin abusers in order to remove and reduce the deficit of attention. }, Keywords = {Heroin, Attention, Stroop, Change Detection, Spatial Cueing}, volume = {22}, Number = {138}, pages = {88-98}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4090-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4090-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {22}, Number = {138}, pages = {99-108}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4082-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4082-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Effect of eight weeks High intensity Interval Training (HIT on Body weight and serum levels of TNF-α, insulin and lipid profile in obese children}, abstract ={Background: Prevalence of obesity among children and adolescent is increasing surprisingly. Overweight and obesity in early teens is associated with mortality from cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Obesity is related to systemic inflammation, high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and insulin tolerance which are directly related to  metabolic diseases such diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure. Several reports demonstrated that various exercise trainings have beneficial effects on obesity and its complication. However fewer studies could be found that investigated the effect of Sprint Interval Training (SIT) on childhood obesity and serum levels of insulin and inflammatory cytokines. Methods: In this Quasi-experimental study, thirty-two obese boys (BMI= 27) were randomly assigned to SIT (N=16) and control groups (C) (N=16). Training protocol consisted of 30s and 90s of all-out running that was performed 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Hormonal and inflammatory variables were measured by ELISA analysis. Data were analyzed using Independent sample t-test and Pearson correlation. Results:  After 8 weeks SIT, serum levels of TNF-&alpha; and insulin decreased significantly (P<0.001). Also BMI (P=0.010), total cholesterol (P<0.001) and body weight (P=0.020) respond to SIT decreased significantly but significant change in serum levels of HDL (P=0.500), LDL (P=0.170) and TG(P=0.600) wasn’t observed. Conclusion: These results indicate that SIT has anti-inflammatory and protective effects on childhood obesity and probably we could use this exercise as a non-pharmacological method in treatment or prevention of obesity.}, Keywords = {Obese Children, Insulin Resistance, Sprint Interval Training}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4156-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4156-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The role of thought Action Fusion, experiential avoidance and responsibility in predicting symptoms of obsessive – compulsive in non-clinical population}, abstract ={Abstract Objectives: The aim of the current study is to investigate the relationship of thought Action Fusion, experiential avoidance and responsibility with obsessive–compulsive Symptoms in nonclinical population. Method: A sample of 200 students of Malayer University was selected through convenience sampling method and completed the following questionnaires: Thought Fusion Instrument (TFI), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), Responsibility Attitude Scale Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: Results from stepwise regression showed that thought Action Fusion, experiential avoidance and responsibility entered in the model as predictors. Predictors had different weights in predicting symptoms. Predictive equation is reported for obsessive-compulsive symptoms in students. Conclusion: Based on the research results use of metacognitive therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of OCD is suggested.}, Keywords = {Key words: obsessive-compulsive disorder, thought Action Fusion, experiential avoidance, responsibility.}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {8-18}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3134-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3134-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Comparison of the diagnostic performance of MRI and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) assessment of cardiac masses}, abstract ={Background: Cardiac tumors are usually asymptomatic diseases. Considering the anatomic position of the heart, it is necessary to identify their nature before every aggressive intervention. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of MRI and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) assessment of cardiac masses. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey from April 2010 to March 2013, twenty eight patients with suspected cardiac tumors, were evaluated with TTE and MRI. Collected data analyzed using MCSS 2007 and PASS 2008 software p<0.05 used for significance. Results: The present study indicated that accurate diagnosis was made by MRI as 37.9% non-neoplastic lesions, 20.7% as benign tumors, 20.7% as malignant tumors and 3 cases of extra-cardiac lesions. In contrast, only in 8 patients with benign tumors the accurate diagnosis was made by TTE. Conclusion: The present study indicated that MRI scanning in comparison to TTE is more efficacious for the evaluation of cardiac masses and can be considered as an appropriate test when they are suspected according to preliminary results of imaging studies.}, Keywords = {Cardiac masses, Cardiac neoplasm, MRI, Echocardiography}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {19-26}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3492-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3492-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Nouri, Saeed and Sharif, Mohammad Reza and Jamali, Bardia and Panahi, Yunes}, title = {Comparison the effect of calcium sulfate and ferric sulfate in controlling liver bleeding: an animal model study}, abstract ={Background: The control of parenchymal hemorrhage especially in liver parenchyma, despite surgical science progresses, is still one of the challenges surgeons face saving the patients’ lives and there is a research challenge between the researchers in this field to introduce a more effective method. This study aimed to compare the hemostatic effect of calcium sulfate and ferric sulfate on controlling the bleeding from liver parenchymal tissue. Methods: In this animal model study 60 male wistar rats were used. A length of two cm and a depth of half a cm incision was made on each mouse’s liver and the hemostasis time was measured using calcium sulfate and ferric sulfate different concentrations (15%, 25%, and 50%). Finally, the obtained data were entered into SPSS software and analyzed using Kruskal-wallis test, Mann – Whitney, Kolmogorov – Smirnov and also Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Results: In all groups we had complete hemostasis. The hemostasis time of calcium sulfate concentration groups was significantly less than that of the ferric sulfate group (p<0.01). Conclusion: Calcium sulfate and ferric sulfate can control liver bleeding and both are effective hemostatic agents in controlling liver parenchymal tissue hemorrhage in an animal model.}, Keywords = {Hemostasis, Calcium Sulfate, Ferric Sulfate, Liver}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {27-34}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3027-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3027-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {MahmoudAlilou, Majid and yarmohammadivasel, mosayeb and Bayat, Ahmad and Hosseini, Esmaeel}, title = {Surveying the psychological well-being components of heart patients referred to Ekbatan hospital of Hamedan, in association with gender, age and education in 2012}, abstract ={Background: Nowadays psychological well-being is one of the important subjects in the studies of chronic diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are directly due to some wrong behaviors of people, their psychological traits, stress and anxiety. The aim of this study was to study and describe the psychological well-being components of heart patients referred to Ekbatan hospital of Hamedan. Methods: Method of research is survey and its type is descriptive. 82 heart patients of Ekbatan hospital of Hamedan were selected with available sampling method. Subjects completed Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale. The data was analyzed using SPSS-16, descriptive statistical methods and Manova method. Results: Findings indicated that mean of psychological well-being in heart patients is 257.5 and mean of personal growth, purpose in life, environmental mastery, self-acceptance, autonomy and positive relations with others are 45.085, 44.866, 44.537, 45.33, 47.733 and 50.5, in order. Also, there was statistically significant difference between psychological well-being components in men and women (p< 0.05); while, there was no statistically significant difference between age and education in association with psychological well-being components (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Psychological well-being of heart patients of Hamedan is relatively average or low. We can say that psychological well-being of these patients, in comparison with healthy people, is remarkably low. Psychological well-being of men and women patients was different, but considering age and education there was no difference in psychological well-being of heart patients. Thus, we cannot predict psychological well-being based on the basis of age and education.}, Keywords = {Psychological Well-Being Components, Heart Patients}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {35-45}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3335-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3335-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Daryazadeh, Saeideh}, title = {Prevalence of simultaneous infections and causes of death of positive-HIV patients in incubation and AIDS phases}, abstract ={Background: Infective diseases are one of the most important causes of life quality decrease and death in HIV/AIDS‏ ‏patients. The aim of this study was comparison of viral hepatitis B and C and tuberculosis simultaneous infections Prevalence of positive-HIV patients in incubation and AIDS phases and causes of death in Isfahan Behavioral Consultation Center during ten years (1999 to 2009). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Tuberculosis and viral hepatitis B and C simultaneous infections of positive-HIV patients in incubation and AIDS phases and causes of death in Isfahan Behavioral Consultation Center were investigated; they were selected by census method. Patient information was entered to SPSS version 19 software and data were analyzed via descriptive analytic statistical methods. Results: Totally 116 (48.1%) of 241 patients had one or two disease hepatitis C and B and Tuberculosis (TB) that 18 patients (15.5%) were in AIDS phase. In incubation phase hepatitis C and in AIDS phase TB had the most frequency. 72 patients died that 18 patients (25%) were in AIDS phase. The most causes of death in patients, including 18.1% in incubation phase and 14% in AIDS phase, was AIDS (p≤ 0.001). Conclusion: The most prevalent of simultaneous infective disease in incubation phase was hepatitis C and in AIDS phase was TB. Clearly simultaneous Hepatitis C and TB in AIDS phase had more prevalent. The most prevalent cause of death in incubation phase was drug intoxication and in AIDS phase was AIDS, but death due to AIDS had the most prevalent in both phases.}, Keywords = {HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis, Tuberculosis}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {46-55}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3381-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3381-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {fallah, abbas and gharakhanlou, reza and soleimani, masoud and mojtahedi, shim}, title = {The expression of miR-206 in response to one session resistance exercise in fast and slow twitch skeletal muscles of Wistar male rats}, abstract ={Background: MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional down regulation of genes and myogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an acute bout of exhaustive resistance exercise on miR-206 expression in slow and fast twitch skeletal muscles in trained and untrained male wistar rats. Methods: This experimental study was conducted with the animal model. 30 male wistar rats, were assigned in three groups: control (n=6), traind (n=12) and untrained (n=12). 48 h after the last training session in trained group(Resistance training included weight lifting up on a vertical ladder for 8 weeks), trained and untrained groups performed an acute exhaustive bout of resistance exercise and were sacrificed in a 4 time zone. Expression of miR-206 was measured by Real time – PCR technique. The differences between variables were determined by one way ANOVA method. Results: statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA showed that between trained and untrained groups in FHL and Sol muscles there was a significant difference (p=0.05) statistically. Also in both groups expression of miR-206 in FHL muscle elevated and in Sol muscle decreased. Conclusion: The findings showed that response of miR-206 to one bout resistance exercise with and without adaptation to training in fast and slow muscles is different.}, Keywords = { miR-206, resistance training, resistance exercise, SOL, FHL, Real time – PCR }, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {56-63}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3466-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3466-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ahmadi, Majid and Zahrakar, Kianoush and Davarniya, Reza and Rezaiee, Mohse}, title = {The effectiveness of brief self-regulation couple therapy on couple burnout in couples of Saveh city}, abstract ={Background: Most of the couple therapy interventions approaches are to decrease marital conflict and increase mental health among couples. The present research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of Brief self-regulation couple therapy on couple burnout in couples of Saveh city. Methods: The method was Quasi-Experimental and the design was pre-test Post-test and follow-up with control group. The sample of this research includes all the couples who visited counseling centers under supervision of the state welfare organization of Saveh (Aramesh, Mehregan &Yara) in the first half of 2013, and who agreed to the researcher's request for attending couple therapy sessions because of marital conflicts and problems. Using available sampling, 16 couples who attained the highest scores in Couple Burnout Questionnaire and were qualified to attend the sessions were chosen and were placed in two groups of experiment and control (each having 8 couples) by random replacement. For the purpose of gathering the data, Pains Couple Burnout Measure 1996 (CBM) was used that was filled as the pretest by both groups. Then, couples of the experiment group underwent a brief self-regulation couple therapy intervention for the duration of 8 sessions of one-hour by the sequence of one session per week, but the control group received no intervention and they were put in the waiting list. After finishing the treatment a post-test was taken by both groups and one month after the last therapy session, a follow-up test was taken by both groups. Data were analyzed by using SPSS18 and methods of descriptive statistics and mixed variance analysis. Results: Results indicated that brief self-regulation couple therapy, significantly decreased couple burnout in couples, and the results have had enough consistency in the follow-up period, as well. Conclusion: The present research's results showed that self-regulation couple therapy can be used as an intervention option in decreasing marital problems.}, Keywords = {Brief Self-Regulation Couple Therapy, Couple Burnout, Couples}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {64-75}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3291-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3291-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Akbari, Zahra and Tol, Azar and Shojaeizadeh, Davoud and Aazam, Kamal and kia, fatemeh}, title = {Assessing of physical activity self-efficacy and knowledge about benefits and safety during pregnancy among women}, abstract ={Background: Though, positive correlation and relationship between physical activity and maternal health, is proved, but, for a few reasons, physical activity declines during pregnancy. Some study suggests that self-efficacy is correlated with sustaining engagement in physical activity. The purpose of this study was to obtain physical activity level; self-efficacy and knowledge about benefits and safety during pregnancy among 205 pregnant women refer to health center of 22- region in capital Tehran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of 205 pregnant women refer to health center.Tools of current study were self-reported questionnaire for assessing self-efficacy and knowledge about benefits and safety during pregnancy, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and demographics questionnaire. To assess statistical differences between groups, one-way analysis of variance & Chi-Square was conducted. Alpha level for statistical significance was set at 0.05 and data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software Version 16.0 (SPSS). Results: physical activity self-efficacy was significantly related to maternal education (p=0.047) and physical activity level (p=0.008). There is significant relationship between maternal physical activity level and their education (p=0.011) and job (p=0.015). There is not significant relationship between self-efficacy and age (p=0.363) and gestational status (p=0.954). Only 33.1% (n=68) of participants knew that activity would increase maternal energy level, 52.2% (n=107) perceived that exercise can prevent the risk of gestational diabetes, and just 25.9% (n=53) reported that a mother who is overweight is more likely to have an overweight child. Conclusion: Results verified that education was important role in women’s information about health benefits and safety knowledge related to physical activity during pregnancy.}, Keywords = {Self-efficacy, Physical activity, Pregnancy, Perceived benefits, Safety precautions}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {76-87}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3548-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3548-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Aminimoghaddam, Soheila and Pahlevani, Rozhin and Saadatjoo, Samir}, title = {A rare case of vaginal endometriosis}, abstract ={Background: Endometriosis is one of a benign disease of female genital system, prevalence is 5-10 percent in reproductive age and the pelvis is the most common site for it, extra pelvic Endometriosis is much rare. Vaginal endometriosis is an uncommon and rare finding Between Extra pelvic one that its Prevalence is not clear. In this report we present a rare case of vaginal endometriosis and it`s treatment. Case Report: This report describes a 35 year-old woman with preumbilical, supra pubic pain and dysmenorrhea up to 10 years and also 6-years history of infertility, who did not receive any treatment during these years. Finally, by detection of necrotic mass in the posterior fornix of the vagina and probability of cervical myoma, laparoscopy and then laparotomy was performed and the mass was removed. Endometriosis has been reported by the pathologist. Conclusion: Surgery is a choice of treatment in a person with history of infertility and Endometriosis. Awareness of this rare finding could provide preoperative detection and proper treatment. Thus taking a thorough history of the patient, performing an accurate examination and doing the essential Diagnostic procedures are mandatory.}, Keywords = {Vaginal endometriosis, Laparotomy, Cervical myoma}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {88-92}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3445-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3445-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {ahmadi, rahim and foroutan, maryam and Alinavaz, Mi}, title = {Individual characteristics, common clinical features and diet history in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes in Eslamshahr-Tehran}, abstract ={Background: Diabetes is among the common metabolic disorders in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the individual characteristics, common clinical features and diet history in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes in Eslamshahr-Tehran. Methods: This cross sectional retrospective study was conducted to investigate patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes referred to care centers during 2010-2012 in Eslamshahr and documentarily profiled. Individual questionnaire, food frequency questionnaire and face to face interview were used to collect the data. The data was analyzed using t- or Chi-square tests and ANOVA. Results: The frequency of type 2 diabetes was significantly more than type 1 (p<0.01). The frequency of type 1 or 2 diabetes was higher in females than males (p<0.01). A family history of diabetes was observed in 64% and 82% of patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes, respectively. 47.8% of patients with type 1diabetes and 42.9% of patients with type 2diabetes reported a history of psychological problems and 27.5% of patients with type 1diabetes and 27.1% of patients with type 2 diabetes reported a history of negative life events. There was lower consumption of cereal food groups in diabetic patients than standard recommended orders (p<0.001). Conclusion: Occurrence of diabetes was more common in females than males and of type 2 diabetes was more common than type 1 diabetes. Genetic background, familial history, diet and history of psychological problems were among the important causes associated with diabetes occurrence.}, Keywords = {Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, Individual characteristics, Clinical features, Diet, Eslamshahr}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {93-102}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2452-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2452-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Hariri, Sevil and Nouri, Mohammad and Nahaei, Mohammad-Reza and Dolatkhah, Homayu}, title = {Evaluation of serum lipid profile in individual’s infected and non-infected with Helicobacter pylori infection in the city of Tabriz}, abstract ={Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most important factors of peptic ulcer and other gastrointestinal disorders. Gastritis caused by H. pylori infection has a high prevalence and about 10 percent of people in their lifetime will suffer from gastritis patients. Some studies have shown an association between Helicobacter pylori and atherosclerosis that may exist. The studies showed that the presence of H. pylori in peptic ulcer gut leads to changes in lipid profile including cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins are HDL-c and LDL-c. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lipid profile in individuals infected and non-infected with H. pylori in the city of Tabriz is the measurement of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and LDL- cholesterol in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection as a standard golden disease progression of atherosclerosis and heart disease rate would be very useful vessel. Methods: Patients admitted to the Clinic of Imam Reza Hospital Tabriz doctor gastrointestinal endoscopy, gastroscopy was performed. The patients were selected from a blood sample and two biopsies were taken from the pyloric antrum 3 cm remained. H. pylori infected and non -infected patients in both groups were classified. And among them, 58 people as groups or individuals infected with H. pylori infection and 58 healthy individuals who were infected as control group were randomly selected. Total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, HDL- cholesterol and LDL- cholesterol were measured by colorimetric method. Results: In the group of H. pylori -infected individuals with active peptic ulcer rate, lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL and HDL compared with the control group are statistically significant. (In all cases, p=0.0001). Conclusion: Due to the heavy burden of cardiovascular disease health of the economy and the society make extensive studies conducted during the last decade and the risk factors that increase a person’s risk of heart coronary disease they have identified. H. pylori infection and gastrointestinal diseases abroad, especially vascular disorders (e.g. ischemia heart disease, the phenomenon of early Raynvrd, stroke ischemia) is connected. Many case studies - a witness reported a significant association between H. pylori positive and heart disease - cardiovascular and electrocardiographic changes ischemia that is independent of risk factors and socioeconomic factors cardiac vascular requirements.}, Keywords = {Helicobacter pylori infection, coronary heart diseases, lipid profile and atherosclerosis}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {103-112}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2976-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2976-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Tashvighi, Maryam and GholamzadehBaees, Mehdi and Miladinia, Mojtaba and Talaiyan, Mohammad Rez}, title = {The prevalence and frequency of risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)}, abstract ={Background: Sudden infant death syndrome or SIDS is an idiopathic syndrome that leads to sudden and unexpected death in infants aged less than one year (12 months). It is prevalence rate is 7.0 per 1,000 live births. This type of death is very bitter experience enormous sorrow for the family. Various risk factors have been identified for this idiopathic Syndrome (the parents, baby and infant sleep environment) have been identified. According to the statistics and detailed information regarding SIDS risk factors does not exist in Iran. This study aimed to identify risk factors for SIDS in infants and frequency and analysis was conducted in Qom. Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 1021 infants health centers in Qom 1-12 months in 2014 to cluster random sampling were included. Data were collected by questionnaire in three parts SIDS risk factors related to parental characteristics (8 items), infants (9 items) and infant sleep environment (6 items).To determine reliability of this questionnaire, and we used Cronbach’s alpha method. The questionnaire’s reliability was determined as 0.83 through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. After determining the frequency of risk factors, the results were analyzed by comparing with other studies. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS 18 at significance level of less than 0.05. Results: 46 (4.5%) of mothers were younger than 21 years. 491 (48.1%) of infants were boys. Among the fathers, 92(9%) were smoking during pregnancy. The birth weight of 130 infants (12.7%) was less than 2.5 kg. 942 infants (92.3%) had shared bedroom (Co-Sleeping) and 346(35.7%) had shared bed (Bed-Sharing). Infant sleeping in prone (Prone position) and lateral positions (Side lying position) which are considered common risk factors were seen in 154 (15.1%) and 402(39/4%) infants, respectively. Conclusion: SIDS risk factors were common. The results showed that the highest risk factor (92.3 %) has been shared bedroom. Increase awareness of parents to educate their families and physicians about risk factors and prevention is necessary. Due to differences some of the risk factors with other studies and the lack of accurate information about this syndrome, studies to identify risk factors and the incidence of SIDS in Iran and other parts of the world is recommended.}, Keywords = {Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, SIDS, Risk factors, Breastfeeding, Bed-sharing}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {113-120}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3579-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3579-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {yousefi, amana and sabzghabaii, forogh and soltaniarabshahi, seyad kamran and Tabatabaee, Seyed Mortez}, title = {Evaluation of validity and reliability of patient satisfaction questionnaire in Firoozgar Hospital clinic}, abstract ={Background: Patient satisfaction is an important parameter related to medical care quality. Although the evaluation is important, there is not any reliable and valid questionnaire for this measurement. Methods: Study type was descriptive-analytic. The Patient |Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) was translated. Some experts in medical education reviewed the translated copy and the required revision was made. The revised version was converted to English again. Content and face validity was accepted. Results: Repeatability was 0.98 (CI: 0.97 – 0.99) with interclass correlation coefficient in one way random effect. Kronbach alpha coefficient was 0.98. Conclusion: The PSQ is a valid and reliable method for evaluation of patients’ satisfaction from medical students.}, Keywords = {Validity, Reliability, PSQ, Medical student}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {121-127}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3519-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3519-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {rahimzadeh, nahid and asllani, sima and hoseini, rozita and Javadmoosavi, Ghazal and javadmoosavi, arash}, title = {The pattern of antibiotic resistance between the years 1992 to 2013 in children with urinary tract infections admitted to Rasoul-e-Akram and Ali Asghar hospitals}, abstract ={Background: Urinary tract infections are very common diseases in children and E. coli is considered as the main cause of urinary tract infections. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microbial species in urinary tract infection of children between 1370-1391 due to increasing consumption and resistance antimicrobial agents that used commonly. Methods: In this study, from 1992 to 2013, all patients with urinary tract infection between 2 month and under 15 years of age were enrolled. Results: The age ranged from 2 months to 15 years with an average of 3.57-3.92 years. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most common uropathogen in 253 patients (73.4%), Klebsiella in 57 patients (24.8%) Pseudomonas in 9 patients (2.6%), Proteus in 7 patients (3%), Acinetobacter and Enterobacter each in 1 patient (0.3%) respectively. Most of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin (64.5%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (61.5%). Most of the strains were susceptible to amikacin, nitrofurantoin and Ciprofloxacin (respective susceptibility rates, 90%, 84.5, and 72%). During this period, a significant decrease in sensitivity was observed for ampicillin, cefotaxime and nalidixic acid (p<0.001). Conclusion: These data suggest that trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole may no longer be used as empirical treatment for community-acquired UTI. In order to preserve the activity of fluoroquinolones for future years, alternatives such as nitrofurantoin should be considered}, Keywords = {Escherichia coli, Urinary tract infection, Antimicrobial resistance}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {128-133}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2897-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2897-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {nobahar, monir and razavi, mohammad reza and malek, farhad and ghorbani, raheb}, title = {Incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care units and its relationship with risk factors}, abstract ={Background: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia is the most important cause of mortality of nosocomial infections. Still incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and its related risk factors in routine nursing care in the intensive care unit has not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of Ventilator-Associated in intensive care units and its relationship with risk factors. Methods: This Descriptive-Analytical study conducted in the intensive care unit in Semnan educational hospitals. 35 patients were selected by convenience sampling. Inclusion criteria included of age over 18 years, connecting to mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours, lack of pneumonia, no contraindications for oral rinse, without oral trauma, and having no contraindications to raise head of bed at least 30 degrees. Oral rinse was done with normal saline twice a day also for diagnosis of pneumonia, Modified Clinical Pneumonia Infection Score and for collecting patient’s data, questionnaire was used. Results: Results showed that 13 (37/1%) patients developed ventilator-associated pneumonia. except of the use of antibiotics and underlying disease between risk factors and the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia was not significant relation. Conclusion: In this study, a high incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia is observed. Use a disinfectant solution in oral rinse for reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia is necessary. Also rational administration and non-use of antibiotics for a long time in the intensive care unit and control of the underlying disease can be an effective action in reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia.}, Keywords = {Hospital Infections, Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, Risk Factors, Intensive Care Unit}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {134-145}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2979-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2979-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Aghakhani, Kamran and Memarian, Azadeh and Fares, Foroozan and Hosseini, Rosita and Khalatbari, Sepehr}, title = {Gender determination using subpubic angle in pelvic radiographs of Iranian adult population}, abstract ={Background: One of problem in forensic pathology is identification of skeletonized remainders. The first step in determination of sex as it immediately excludes approximately half of population. To this regard pelvic is one of the best bones. This study aims to distinguish between man and women by use of anteroposterior pelvic x-ray and measurement of subpubic angles. Methods: Subpubic angle was measured in the anteroposterior pelvic radiographs of 200 Iranian adults (100 men and 100 women). Data were analyzed through SPSS v. 22. Results: The overall mean (SD) of subpubic angle was 118.49±22.09. The mean (SD) sub pubic angle in men was 101.51±13.40 and in women 135.47±13.40. In this study there was significant relation between means of subpubic angle in men and women، which is significant wider and larger in women (p<0.001).In this study demarking point was 115.92 degrees with accuracy of 91.5%, sensitivity 91% and specificity 92%. Conclusion: Mean of subpubic angle is different from other population but there is a significant difference in the subpubic angle between men and women, and due to its high accuracy، and subpubic angle it could be used in gender identification of skeletal remainders.}, Keywords = {Subpubic angle, Identification, Gender, Pelvic radiography}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {146-150}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4092-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4092-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {zohrabi, shima and Shairi, Mohammad Reza and Heydarinasab, Leil}, title = {The effect of mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy on decreasing fear of negative evaluation in patients with social anxiety disorder}, abstract ={Background: The present study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based Group Therapy on decreasing fear of negative evaluation in patients with social anxiety among female students. Methods: In the first stage, Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) was administrated to 402 female student of Shahed University, In the second stage 24 socially anxious student screened by SPIN and (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-I) (SCID-I) were randomly assigned to experimental group (13 subjects) and control group (11subjects). Then Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based Group Therapy administered to the experimental group, while control group didn`t attend in any treatment session. All participants completed measure of brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale at pretreatment and post treatment and three month follow up. Results: The result of Mann Whitney test revealed significant reduction in fear of negative evaluation in experimental group than control group (p<0.001) which remained stable three month after the end of treatment. Conclusion: In sum, Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based Group Therapy can improve fear of negative evaluation among a sample of Iranian female students. Therefore a ground has been provided to apply this approach preliminary in psychological centers on patients with social anxiety disorder.}, Keywords = {Fear of negative evaluation, Social anxiety, Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy}, volume = {22}, Number = {140}, pages = {1-11}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3290-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3290-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {alimohamadiyan, elham and shafiee, Mortez}, title = {A fuzzy multi-criteria decision approach for performance evaluation and improve the gaps among Shiraz University of Medical Sciences’ teaching hospitals based on balanced score card approach}, abstract ={Background: Ranking hospitals are important for their staff motivation and lifting spirit of competition and effort. Ranking hospital is not take place unless an accurate assessment is encouraged. In this study, we used FMCDM, BSC approaches to rank Shiraz University of Medical Sciences’ teaching hospitals. Methods: This is a case study. Statistical population consisted of 12 teaching hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. For ranking these hospitals, four fuzzy multi-criteria decision tools including Fuzzy DEMATEL, Fuzzy ANP, Fuzzy TOPSIS and Fuzzy VIKOR were used. Excel software was used for analysis of data. Results: Based on fuzzy VIKOR results, the worst options were Ghotbodin, Namazi and Rajai hospitals, respectively. These three options obtained the lowest value of the performance in the 3 top indexes on the scale fuzzy decision matrix TOPSIS method. This means that the strengthening of the 3 criteria must be a very important factor in determining growth strategies of Ghotbodin, Namazi and Rajai hospitals. Dastgheib, Shoushtari and Khalili Hospitals are among the best options that obtained the highest value in the decision matrix Scale Fuzzy TOPSIS method for 3 superior indexes. Conclusion: The point to note is that, it is true that these 3 hospitals are known as the best hospitals, but in "the successful CPCR" criteria as the most important selection criteria, did not obtain not the highest scores. As a result, if these hospitals become more degraded in the future under the criteria of "the successful CPCR", they will lose their high rank among other options.}, Keywords = {Performance evaluation, Balanced scorecard, Fuzzy Multi Attribute Decision Making, Fuzzy DEMATEL, Fuzzy ANP, Fuzzy TOPSIS, Fuzzy VIKOR}, volume = {22}, Number = {140}, pages = {12-24}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3470-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3470-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kabir-Mokamelkhah, Elaheh and Aghilinejad, Masallah and Aghili, Negar and Bahrami-Ahmadi, Amir}, title = {Evaluation of relationship between general health status and prevalence of low back pain among employees of Fars ABFA Company}, abstract ={Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the main causes of morbidity worldwide with different impacts on mental health characters of employees. There are some evidence that show adverse impacts of mental health impairment on worker and their work tasks. Present study was performed for assessment of association between mental health and musculoskeletal disorders among employees of Fars ABFA Company. Methods: Employees of ABFA Company consisted participants of present cross sectional study which was performed at 2014. Nordic and general health questionnaires were used for data gathering. Results: Mean of total GHQ score and somatic, depression and anxiety subscales were significantly higher in workers with low back pain compared with other workers. General health status in workers with low back pain was poorer than other workers. Conclusion: Findings of our study showed that general health status in workers with low back pain was lower than other workers. Knowing about psychosocial factors which had impact on low back pain can be useful in controlling and preventing the complication among working and decreasing their disability risks.}, Keywords = {Low back pain, mental health, Workers, Fars ABFA Company}, volume = {22}, Number = {140}, pages = {25-31}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3659-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3659-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {shahrjerdi, shahnaz and golpayegani, masoud and faraji, fardin and masoumi, marzieh}, title = {Effect of eight weeks Yoga and core stabilization exercises on balance in women with multiple sclerosis}, abstract ={Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system in which the myelin of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) is damaged. The most common symptoms are double vision, tremor, muscle cramps, ataxia, and abnormal gait. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 8-weeks core stabilization and Yoga exercises on balance in MS patients. Methods: The study samples were 36 women with MS (25 to 40 years) with the EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) level of disability of 3 to 6. Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups. 12 patients in the group of core stabilization exercises (2 sessions per week, 40-30 minutes), 12 patients were in group Yoga (3 times a week, each session lasting 70-60 minutes practice Hatha Yoga), and the 12 patients in the control group. Patients exercised for eight weeks. Balance of patients before and after 8 weeks of training was analyzed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16, p≥0.05 was considered significant. Results: The balance between pre-test and post-test in Hatha Yoga exercise group (33.75 vs. 43.08) and core stabilization exercise group (37 vs. 47.08), significantly improved (p≤0.05). But there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p≥0.05). Conclusion: Core stabilization exercises and Yoga can improve balance in patients with MS. On the other hand, no significant differences between two groups’ balance after exercise depicted the same effectiveness of both types of exercise to improve balance in MS patients.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Yoga, Core Stabilization Exercises, Balance}, volume = {22}, Number = {140}, pages = {32-42}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3022-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3022-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {moossavi, abdollah and faraji, leil}, title = {Possible role of synaptic plasticity in DCN , as factor for subjective tinnitus}, abstract ={Abstaract Background and Aim: Tinnitus is a specific auditory sensitivity in which the patient hears nonexistent sounds. From neurological point of view, in majority of them increment in neural activity has been proposed characterized by increase in spontaneous firing rate in central auditory system. According to a hypothesis, tinnitus is a result of abnormal synaptic plasticity and reduced inhibitory aminoacidic NTM in auditory neural network. This compensatory reduction of inhibition to partial deafferentiation (due to hearing pathologies, acoustic trauma,…) results in elevated neural firing rate and hyperactivity mainly in fusiform cells in DCN. In this review article was Effort survey effect of DCN synaptic plasticity and tinnitus. Method: At this Review Article, some articles about synaptic plasticity and tinnitus in DCN from electronic databases of Google scholar, PubMed and Scopus and Science Direct were searched from 1988 up 2013 and some of theme select and Survey. Conclusion: DCN the lowest level of Auditory system that synaptic plasticity and hyperactivity after hearing impairment occur there. This Event tendency to tinnitus .But this Concept, not meaning to NO Cooperation of other auditory center in tinnitus. KEY WORDS :tinnitus, synaptic plasticity, Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus(DCN)}, Keywords = {tinnitus, synaptic plasticity, Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus(DCN)}, volume = {22}, Number = {140}, pages = {43-54}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3191-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3191-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ghomian, Banafshe and Jafari, Hassan and Khamseh, Mohammad Ebrahim}, title = {Investigation of some gait characteristics in patients with diabetic neuropathy while wearing rocker sole shoe}, abstract ={Background: Walking pattern of patients with diabetic neuropathy differs from healthy subjects. Any intervention that makes changes to this compensatory strategy may increase fall risk in these patients. Rocker sole shoes are frequently prescribed to patients with diabetic neuropathy in order to prevent forefoot plantar ulceration. The purpose of the current study was to explore effects of the toe only rocker sole on some gait characteristics in diabetic patients with neuropathy. Methods: Seventeen patients with diabetic neuropathy participated in this study. An average of the step length, step width and walking speed was measured while performing walk across test using Neurocom system with and without toe only rocker sole. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS statistical software (Version 18.0). To determine the normality of the distribution of the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and to compare the mean of the data between two conditions, paired-samples t-test were performed. Results: No significant difference was observed between walking with rocker sole and without it in any of the step length (59.09±11.37, 57.66±13.03), step width (17.21±5.08, 16.53±4.24) and walking speed (81.92± 17.6, 84.48± 20.02), respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion: Toe only rocker sole made no alteration in compensatory walking pattern of patients with diabetic neuropathy they use either to reduce peak plantar pressure or enhancing dynamic stability.}, Keywords = {Rocker sole, Gait, Diabetic neuropathy, Balance}, volume = {22}, Number = {140}, pages = {55-62}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2989-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2989-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {zabihiyeganeh, mozhdeh and SoltaniArabshahi, kamran and Mirzaei, Alireza and kakaei, sahar}, title = {Evaluation of effect of patient post discharge conference on recording summaries’ skills of internal residents in Rheumatology ward in Firoozgar hospital}, abstract ={Background: Studies indicate that using interventions including education may improve medical record documentation and decrease incomplete files. Since, having perfect summaries especially in Rheumatology disease is helpful in treatment process, the researchers aimed to examine the effect of patient post discharge conference on recording summaries skills. Methods: This interventional quasi experimental study was conducted in 2013-2014 on 36 resident of internal medicine in rheumatology ward of Firoozgar hospital. These conferences are held every two weeks and in order to assess conferences on function of residents, a checklist is designed. The checklist contains 19 items. The checklist had formal validity based on data elements in the records. Data were analyzed by SPSS for windows (version16) through descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Results: Before conferences, 18 (50%) of residents had week function, 12 (33.3%) moderate function and6 (16.7%) of them had good function. After conferences, 1 (2.8%) of residents had moderate function and 35 (97.2%) good function. The study showed statistically significant relation between before and after conferences on function of resident (p=0.012). Conclusion: Holding patient post discharge conferences has significant effect on recording summaries skills of Residents and their promotion of education}, Keywords = {Summary recording, Discharged patient, Resident}, volume = {22}, Number = {140}, pages = {63-68}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3622-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3622-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Hoshyar, Reyhane and Mostafavinia, S.Elham and Bathaie, S.Zahr}, title = {Anticancer effects of saffron stigma (Crocus Sativus): a review study}, abstract ={Background: Nowadays one of the most common causes of death is cancer worldwide, which its incidence and mortality rate dramatically increasing in Iran. Saffron herb is locally grown in South Khorasan. The present study reviewed the anticancer properties of saffron stigma on various macromolecule, cell, and animal models. In traditional medicine saffron herb treated many diseases including diabetes, blood pressure and cancer. The modern medical findings indicate that this herb and its active metabolites can be used to produce alternative antitumor drugs. Saffron selectively suppressed growth and proliferation of cancer cells while did not show any inhibitory effect on growth of normal cells. In addition, it reduced the side effects of common therapies. The main components of saffron stigma are monoterpene aldehydes and carotenoides. Its carotenoids, for instance crocin and crocetin, illustrated antioxidant, anticancer and antimutagenic properties more than other metabolites. This review suggested that anti-tumor drugs from saffron stigma can be applied as alternative, safe and promising agents.}, Keywords = {Saffron Stigma, Cancer, In vitro, In vivo}, volume = {22}, Number = {140}, pages = {69-78}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3575-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3575-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Eftekhar-Sadat, Bina and Maghsumi-Noroozabad, Leila and Alipour, Beitollah and Abed, Reza and Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohamm}, title = {Effect of Arctium lappa linne root (Burdock) tea consumption on lipid profile and blood pressure in patient with knee osteoarthritis}, abstract ={Background: Osteoarthritis is one of the ten debilitating diseases in developing countries. This study was designed to examine the effect of Burdock root tea on lipid profile and blood pressure in patient with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: This was a randomized one-way blinded 6- week clinical trial. Thirty-six patients (10 men and 26 women) aged 50-70 year-old with knee osteoarthritis referred to the physical medicine and rehabilitation department of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Hospitals, were selected for the study and divided into two groups randomly. For all individuals along the 42 days of study period, the same drug treatments including physiotherapy (20 an-hour sessions for both knees) and two lots of 500 mg acetaminophen twice a day and one glucosamine 500 mg once a day were considered. The intervention group received daily 3 cups of Burdock root tea Control group received 3 cups contain 150 cc boiled water daily. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline and after 6 weeks the intervention to measure lipid profile parameters and their ratios before and after the intervention. Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure were also measured and analyzed. Anthropometric measurements, physical activity levels and nutrients intake were evaluated before and after intervention. Differences between the two groups and among the each group were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, analysis of covariance, paired sample t-test, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, sign test, chi-square and McNemar test. SPSS 16 was used for statistical analysis. Results: A significant reduction in levels of total cholesterol, TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios, systolic, diastolic and mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure and a significant increase in HDL-C levels was observed in intervention group compared with the control group (p<0.05). The mean and standard deviations of HDL-C, LDL-C, ratio of TC / HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C, diastolic and mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly different between the two groups at the end of the study (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that Arctium lappa l. root tea consumption with reduction in blood pressure, levels of LDL-C, ratios of TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C and increase in levels of HDL-C could control and improve lipid profile and blood pressure status in patient with knee osteoarthritis (OA). But yet, the mechanism of effects of hypolipidemic and decrease in blood pressure of Arctium lappa l. is not clear, so more studies are need in this field.}, Keywords = {Arctium Lappa l, Lipid profile, Blood pressure, Knee osteoarthritis}, volume = {22}, Number = {140}, pages = {79-91}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3075-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3075-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Faridfar, Niloufar and Alimohammadzadeh, Khalil and Seyedin, Seyed Hesam}, title = {The impact of health system reform on clinical, paraclinical and surgical indicators as well as patients\' satisfaction in Rasoul-e-Akram hospital in 2013 to 2014}, abstract ={Background: The importance of reforms in the health care system and improve the quality of health care as one of the important results of it has always been noticeable. In this regard, the efficiency and effectiveness of hospital activities, proper functioning of staff and proper use of resources be evaluated by functional indicators. Hospital indicators show the status of hospital's performance and its society. In this article, we aimed to study the impact of health system reform on hospital indicators such as clinical, paraclinical and surgical indicators, Patients satisfaction in Rasoul-e-Akram hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at Rasoul-e-Akram general hospital. The study population consisted of Rasoul-e-Akram general hospital indicators. In this regard, information collected by referring to the existing table's record from 2013 to 2014. To analyze the data, it was applied the paired t test to compare quantitative variables between the two time periods from 2013 to 2014. The repeated measure ANOVA test was also used to assess the trend of the changes in frequency of the items. The analyses were performed by the SPSS software. Results: The results of comparing surgery item between 2013 and 2014 showed increase in accessibility to surgical procedures. According to the obtained results, heath system reform in this hospital increased the amount of clinical and paraclinical reception. Furthermore patient satisfaction was also increased Conclusion: Implementation of the health reform plan had been succeeded in improvement of healthcare indicators in our center.}, Keywords = {Health system reform, Hospital functional indicators, General hospital}, volume = {22}, Number = {140}, pages = {92-99}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4294-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4294-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Faam, Bita and Emam, fatemeh and ghaffari, Mohammad Ali and azizi, Fereidou}, title = {A review on the DNA methylation and its role in thyroid tumor genesis}, abstract ={Epigenetic modification is one of the effective factors in tumorigenesis. Epigenetic processes, especially aberrant DNA methylation, play important role in thyroid cancer, and many tumor suppressor genes including PTEN, RASSF1A and TIMP3 are aberrantly methylated and silenced in thyroid cancer. Because of the specified pattern of DNA methylation in various tumor cells, it is suggested that these genes take part in a specific pathway. In addition to tumor suppressor genes, aberrant methylation in thyroid-specific genes such as those for sodium/iodide symporter and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor is also common in thyroid tumorigenesis and progression. On the other hand, changes in these genes expression is one of the main cause for the failure of clinical radio-iodine treatment in subjects with thyroid cancer. Considering the importance of this issue, the present study intends to investigate the DNA methylation patterns of related genes in thyroid tumorogenesis.}, Keywords = {epigenetic, DNA methylation, thyroid cancer, tumor suppressor genes, thyroid specific genes}, volume = {22}, Number = {140}, pages = {100-108}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3132-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3132-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Hosseininejad, Nasrin and Kalbasi, Zohreh and Afshar, Jil}, title = {Vitamin D and childhood pneumonia}, abstract ={Background: Vitamin D has a vital effect on calcium and phosphor hemostasis and bone formation. Deficiency of vitamin D causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Vit. D has a regulatory effect on immune system. This vitamin has inhibitory effect on cytokines and stimulates production of antimicrobial peptides. Recent studies have shown that rickets and even subclinical insufficiency of vit. D has a direct relation with pneumonia. This study was done in purpose of evaluation of vit. D serum level in small children with pneumonia. Methods: This is a descriptive study. The personal data’s of 50 children between 2 and 59 months old who were hospitalized due to pneumonia (name, age, sex, weight and height) and their vaccination, nutrition (breast milk) and measured serum vit. D level were recorded and analyzed. Results: The mean of serum vit.D level was 31.78±1.75. The vit. D level in 22 patients was less than 30ng/ml (44% insufficiency or deficiency) and in 28 patients (56%) it was more than 30ng/ml. 5 patients had vit.D level under 10ng/ml (severe deficiency in 10%). This study did not show any relation between vit. D level and severity of pneumonia or duration of hospitalization. Conclusion: This study shows that the mean of serum vit. D level in children with pneumonia is significantly low. But it needs to do a study with normal control group for comparing their mean vit.D level. }, Keywords = {Pneumonia, Children, Vitamin D}, volume = {22}, Number = {140}, pages = {109-116}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4006-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4006-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {roozbeh, nasibeh and Abdi, Fatemeh and Kazemi, , Farideh and Soleimani, Fari}, title = {Neurodevelopmental effects of iron deficiency}, abstract ={Introduction: Deficiencies in micronutrients are a major health issue in all ages , especially children, in developing countries. Severe or long-term iron deficiency will lead to iron deficiency anemia and thus affect children’s growth and development. This review article tried to determine the neurodevelopmental effects of deficiency in this micronutrient among children. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, ISI, Scopus, Google Scholar, IranMedex, and SID databases. “Iron deficiency”, “child”, “infant”, “development”, and “developmental delay” were used as keywords. A total of 150 articles on the relation between iron deficiency and developmental and nervous system disorders in children were retrieved. After further evaluations, 88 articles were excluded and only 62 articles (published during 1989-2014) were considered. Findings: Review of the literature revealed relations between iron deficiency in infants and impairment of neurotransmitter metabolism, hypomyelination in the brain, attention deficit, reduced learning ability, ش Background: Deficiencies in micronutrients are a major health issue in all ages, especially children, in developing countries. Severe or long-term iron deficiency will lead to iron deficiency anemia and thus affect children’s growth and development. This review article tried to determine the neurodevelopmental effects of deficiency in this micronutrient among children. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, ISI, Scopus, Google Scholar, Iran Medex, and SID databases. “Iron deficiency”, “child”, “infant”, “development”, and “developmental delay” were used as keywords. A total of 150 articles on the relation between iron deficiency and developmental and nervous system disorders in children were retrieved. After further evaluations, 88 articles were excluded and only 62 articles (published during 1989-2014) were considered. Results: Review of the literature revealed relations between iron deficiency in infants and impairment of neurotransmitter metabolism, hypo myelination in the brain, attention deficit, reduced learning ability, cognitive disability, auditory system disorders, abnormal sleep patterns, and developmental delay. Conclusion: Apparently, iron deficiency exerts undeniable neurodevelopmental effects in children. Considering the significance of children in the future of a country, appropriate measures need to be taken to ensure timely prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of iron deficiency. ognitive disability, auditory system disorders, abnormal sleep patterns, and developmental delay. Conclusion: Apparently, iron deficiency exerts undeniable neurodevelopmental effects in children. Considering the significance of children in the future of a country, appropriate measures need to be taken to ensure timely prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of iron deficiency.}, Keywords = {Iron deficiency, Child, infant, Development, Developmental delay}, volume = {22}, Number = {141}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3785-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3785-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {shenasifam, neda and moslemi, elham and kavosi, mahs}, title = {Assessment of the expression level of (HER2) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in tumor cells derived from individuals with colorectal cancer}, abstract ={Background: Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world. It is the third largest risk factor for cancer individuals. The number of new cases is rising since 1975. Hyper activities of EGFR family have been reported in various cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression levels of HER2 in colorectal cancer and its possible association with advanced stages of disease. Methods: In this study 20 samples of colorectal cancer paraffin block and 10 non-tumor individual samples were collected. After de-paraffin, RNA molecules were extracted from samples by RNX plus solution, after that CDNA was synthetized by reverse transcription method and finally the relative HER2 gene expression was evaluated by Real Time PCR. Results: In 20 cases of colorectal cancer compared with non-tumor samples, over expression of HER2 gene was observed. The increased expression compared with non-tumor samples observed in all patient samples and the amount of over expressed HER2 in patients with stage III was more than stage II and I. expression levels were also increased by increasing the age. The observation showed that the increased expression of HER2 occurs from the early stages of the disease. Conclusion: Due to the increased HER2 expression in colorectal cancer, it is clear that the HER2 assessment can be considered as a valuable prognostic factor for screening especially in early stages of disease.}, Keywords = {Colorectal cancer, HER2, Gene expression}, volume = {22}, Number = {141}, pages = {10-18}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3617-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3617-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ramezankhani, Ali and Haghdoost, Ali Akbar and Okhovati, Maryam and Sahamkhadam, Nasri}, title = {Determinants of physical activity in the workplace: A systematic review}, abstract ={Background: Physical activity in the workplace has significant effects on different aspects of employee’s health. It can be effective in increasing the productivity and decreasing staff’s absents and turn-over. Physical activity is affected by multiple factors. The purpose of current research is systematic review of individual, environmental and organizational determinants of physical activity in the workplace. Methods: Relevant articles searched in electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Sportdiscus, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar from 2000 to 2013. Studies which were qualified based on inclusion criteria were entered to review. Quality assessment of studies was done by using two tools including New Castle-Ottawa Scale and Quality Assessment Tools for Quantitative Studies Tool. In next stage, required information was extracted from the studies and results of the studies were reported narratively. Results: 17 articles were eligible to include in review. Study Quality assessment showed that 18% (n: 3) of studies were categorized as high, 59% (n: 10) moderate and 23% (n: 4) low quality. Individual determinants were demographic, psychological characteristics and lack of time. Environmental determinants were social-cultural, physical and economical environments. Related organizational factors were work time and shift, job type, facilities, financial and environmental support. Conclusion: Individual, environmental and organizational factors play a role in staff’s physical activity. Identifying these factors can be used in health promotion interventions and programs in the workplace.}, Keywords = {Physical activity, Determinant, Workplace, Worksite, Systematic review}, volume = {22}, Number = {141}, pages = {19-29}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3550-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3550-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {motamedi, manizhe and mokhtarinia, hamidreza and oskoeezade, reza and rezasoltani, Pouri}, title = {Ergonomic assessment of musculoskeletal disorders’ risk level among workers of a factory battery}, abstract ={Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common occupational injuries and constitute a huge global health problem with substantial economic and human cost as well as negative impact on the quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and level of risk among the workers of the assembly line of a battery factory. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study performed in 2013, 138 workers aged between 20 and 46 years from assemble line of a battery construction company that have been selected randomly and filled out the NORDIC questionnaire. Also, for the assessing physical posture during work, RULA method were applied and filled out by researcher. Statistical analyzing were done by SPSS (v.21). Results: On the basis of the findings of this study majority of the recruited population suffer from upper back 42 Workers(%30.4) and neck pain 36 workers (%26.1) and lower back pain 25 workers (%18.1) then by knee pain 16 workers (%11.6) respectively. Also results of RULA method analyzing showed that risk level score for 31.2, 53.1 and 15.6% of all postures were 4, 3 and 2 respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of MSDs in the workers was high. Most of postures are needed to be corrected because of high score in RULA method. Based on the obtained results, the most significant ergonomic problems in workers were found to be awkward postures, manual material handling and back bending and twisting.}, Keywords = {Musculoskeletal Disorders ؛ Prevalence ؛ Battery industry ؛ NORDICK questionnaire؛ RULA}, volume = {22}, Number = {141}, pages = {30-37}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3357-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3357-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {sharifrazi, maryam and ghasemzadeh, mehran and sarafkazerooni, ehsan and hosseini, ehteramolsadat}, title = {The effect of pre-storage leukoreduction on the levels of expression of the pro-inflammatory molecule CD40 ligand in random PRP platelets}, abstract ={Background: Several lines of evidence suggest the role of leukocyte in platelet activation. Since pro-inflammatory mediator CD40 ligand (CD40L) has been considered as a marker of platelet activation that reflecting platelet storage lesion (PSL), we evaluated the effect of leukoreduction processes on thereby the levels of expressed CD40L in Platelet Concentrates (PCs). Methods: In present study PRP-PCs were subdivided into two groups of usual platelets (non-filtered) and leuko-reduced platelets following pre-storage filtration. Using flow-cytometry method, the levels of platelet CD40L expression were analyzed for each group in day 1, 3 and 5 post-storage. Results: In non-filtered products, CD40L expression on days 1, 3 and 5 after storage were 35±5.06, 62±5.84 and 82±6.1, respectively. CD40L expression showed significant increases in day 3 and 5 after storage compared to day 1 (p<0.05). In leuko-reduced platelets, CD40L expression on days 1, 3 and 5 after storage were 24±4, 41±4 and 51±6, respectively. While the same increase pattern of CD40L expression was also observed here, the significant difference was just reported between day 1 and 5 (p<0.05). Furthermore the leukoreduced platelets showed significantly less CD40L expression in day 3 and 5 compared to non-filtered platelets. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that pre-storage leukoreduction of PCs can reduce CD40L expression during platelet storage, the finding that suggests the effect of leukocytes in the promotion of PSL. In addition, considering the importance of CD40L in inflammatory function, it seems leuko-reduced platelet products decrease the adverse effects of platelet transfusion especially in susceptible recipients.}, Keywords = {CD40 Ligand, Platelet concentrate, Pre-storage leuko-reduction}, volume = {22}, Number = {141}, pages = {38-46}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3857-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3857-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Gorgani, Farzaneh and Majlessi, Fereshteh and Momeni, Mohammad Kazem and Tol, Azar and RahimiForoshani, Abbas}, title = {Prevalence of anemia and some related factor in pregnant woman referred to health centers affiliated to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2013}, abstract ={Background: Iron is one of most important element of body need during pregnancy that plays a significant role in developing and growth of fetus and safe delivery. Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common problems of pregnancy that can induce premature labor and can increase risk of fetal mortality, post-partum bleeding and neonatal distress. This study has been conducted to evaluate the prevalence of anemia and some of its related factors in pregnant women whom covered by a health center affiliated to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences -2013. Methods: This descriptive analytic study has evaluated 1194 pregnant woman referred to 3 health centers covered by Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. In each center one observer interviewed with 56 pregnant women. Hb level and other required information obtained from their family health documents and a special questionnaire that contained 4 parts: demographic data (8 items), maternal data (12 items), nutritional & smoking data (7 items) & Lab data (1 item). All data were analyzed using analytic statistics and Chi square and logistic regression through SPSS v. 19. Results: Overall prevalence of anemia in this study was 46.6% (in range of 22.2- 71.2). Significant difference was observed among the means of cities (p<0/001). Also prevalent of anemia was significantly different between rural & urban areas (p=0.007). This study also showed significant relation between anemia and mother education (p=0.03), prenatal care in previous pregnancy (p=0.0016), kind of last contraception (p=0.048), use of red meat (p=0.01), waterpipe smoking (p=0.001), use of supplement in previous pregnancy (p<0.0001), iron supplement therapy in current pregnancy (p<0.0001) and time of tea consumption (p=0.005). Regression analysis revealed that site of habituate (p=0.003), kind of last contraception (p=0.03), waterpipe smoking (p=0.046), time of tea consumption (p=0.005) haD significant effect on prevalence of anemia. Conclusion: Comparison between results of this study and other national study- that reported mean prevalence of anemia in pregnant mother 21.5%, it was shown that prevalence of anemia in pregnant mothers of this state (Sistan & Baluchestan) is times of mean of country that maybe is influenced by economic and cultural factors. Thus, there is the need of special attention to safe nutrition program and effort for regular use of supplemental iron and folic acid and avoiding of water pipe and tobacco smoking in this area.}, Keywords = {Pregnancy, Pregnant mother, Iron deficiency anemia, Diet}, volume = {22}, Number = {141}, pages = {47-58}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3306-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3306-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {dorahaki, ahm}, title = {Determinants of women’s ideal fertility: study of women 15 to 49 year old in Nasimshar city in 2015}, abstract ={Background: Ideals take foundation for individual action and formed behavior. The purpose of the current study is explanation of women's ideals fertility. In this context, variables, age, independence of women in three dimensions, economic, decision making and mobility, fatalistic attitude to fertility, gender preference, emotional need of child for the older age, the attitude to the economic costs of children, attitudes to comfort parents, attitudes to the nurture of children, number of siblings as a sign of habitus of individuals, wife education and husband education are Selected and were examined their effect on ideals fertility. Methods: This study is a survey. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire made by researcher. The population statistical is married women aged 15 to 49 in the city of Nasimshar that studied 304 married women aged 15 to 49 to the multi-stage cluster sample in March 2015. Results: Multivariate linear regressions results indicate that emotional needed of children for older age with control other variables are the greatest impact on women's ideals fertility even the impact of other variables that were significant in the bivariate analysis is also done through this variable. Variables, independent decision making, attitude to the economic costs of children and husband education were variables that with control the other variables held theirs significant. In general, the independent variables could explain 20 percent of variability of the dependent variable. Conclusion: If policy-makers want to intervention in the fertility to adjust its, should Provide appropriate economic context for families. The emotional needs of the child do not disappear although the sequence of more children reduced by the economic and social changes and that is the context of the continuing fertility and prevent further decline.}, Keywords = {Fertility, Ideals fertility, Independence of decision-making, Independent of mobility, Gender preference}, volume = {22}, Number = {141}, pages = {59-69}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3743-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3743-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Gachpaz, Amin and Fereidoni, Masoud and Behnam-Rassouli, Mortez}, title = {The effects of intrathecal administration of hemoglobin on pain and inflammation in rat}, abstract ={Background: Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells, and the role of that is to transport the oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. This protein has a heme group that is a prosthetic group. Hemoglobin is known as a potent inducer for heme oxygenase enzyme. Also the administration of CO releasing compounds (CORMs) can reduce the neuropathic pain. So this study is based on the assumption that intrathecal administration of hemoglobin can be lead to elevation of CO production and reduction in thermal and chemical pain and inflammation. Methods: The male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups included saline treatment, acute treatment of hemoglobin and chronic treatment of hemoglobin (1mg/ml) for 5 constitutive days. Thermal pain sensation was assessed using Tail flick test before and 5 minutes after i.t. injection and responses of chemical pain to sub plantar formalin (2.5%, 5µl) injection were recorded for one hour. Paw volume was measured before treatments and one hour after sub-plantar injection of formalin for inflammatory edema assessment using plethysmometery test. Results: Results from this experiment showed that acute and chronic i.t. injection of hemoglobin reduced the chemical pain (p<0.01) and also inflammation (p<0.001) due to hind paw sub-plantar injection of formalin. Although the acute i.t. injection of hemoglobin had no prominent effect on thermal pain latency but chronic i.t. injection of hemoglobin reduced thermal pain latency significantly (p<0.01). Conclusion: Hemoglobin reduces pain sensation and inflammation probably due to increasing the level of CO in spinal cord tissue. This effect was higher in chronic group that is possibly due to the effects of hemoglobin on the heme oxygenase gene expression.}, Keywords = {Hemoglobin, Pain, Inflammation, Intrathecal administration}, volume = {22}, Number = {141}, pages = {70-79}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3489-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3489-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {moosavi, jafar and habibian, masoumeh and farzanegi, parvi}, title = {The effect of regular aerobic exercise on plasma levels of 25- hydroxy vitamin D and insulin resistance in hypertensive postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes}, abstract ={Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a major problem worldwide and it may also play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of regular aerobic exercise on plasma levels of 25- hydroxy vitamin D and insulin resistance in hypertensive postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Twenty sedentary postmenopausal women with T2DM were randomly assigned to control and exercise groups (n=10). Training program consisted of 25-40 minutes of aerobic exercise at 50-70 percent of maximal heart rate, 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. The levels of 25-(OH) D and fasting glucose and insulin was evaluated by radioimmunoassay and enzymatic colorimetric and ELIZA method, respectively. Insulin resistance was calculated with the HOMA-IR equation. Data were analyzed by paired and independent t tests. The level of statistical significance was set at p˂0.05. Results: After 8 weeks exercise training, a significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance was seen which was accompanied by markedly increase of 25-(OH)D in hypertensive postmenopausal women with T2DM (p˂0.05). Conclusion: Regular aerobic exercise can erduce the resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with T2DM and this protective effect of exercise may be related to improved vitamin D deficiency.}, Keywords = {Regular exercise, Diabetes, insulin resistance, Vitamin D}, volume = {22}, Number = {141}, pages = {80-90}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3402-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3402-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {zakavi, iman and valipour, Ali Asghar and Issazadeh, Rafat and Baharlooiiyancheshme, rez}, title = {Effect of twelve weeks combined exercise (aerobic- resistance) on plasma levels of ghrelin and obestatin in obese adolescens}, abstract ={Background: Obesity and Overweight decrease plasma levels of ghrelin and obestatin. Studies on the effects of exercise on ghrelin and obestatin, especially in human, are few and limited. The aim of this study was assessing effect of 12 weeks combined exercise (Aerobic-resistance) on plasma levels of ghrelin and obestatin in obese adolescents. Methods: Thirty obese adolescents were willing to cooperate voluntarily; they were randomly divided in two groups: experimental group (BMI 31.046±3.55Kg/m2, BF% 34.74±2.71) and control group (BMI 30.404±3.198Kg/m2, BF% 35.06±2.465). Then, the experimental group received combined exercise program aerobic training consisted of running on a treadmill for 20 minutes at 60-70% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and (intensity resistance training 70% of one repetition maximum (1RM) for 2 sets of 10 repetitions per movement) for 12 weeks (three sessions per week). The control group received no intervention but were followed. Variables including weight, body fat percentage, BMI, VO2max were measured in both groups before and after exercises. Blood samples were collected in two stages, 48 hours before and after exercise to measure of plasma levels of ghrelin and obestatin. Paired t-test was used for intergroup comparisons and independent t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. All statistical calculations were performed through SPSS software version 19. Results: The findings showed that values of weight, body fat percentage, BMI performed after 12 weeks of combined exercise (aerobic - resistance) significantly decreased. VO2max, plasma levels of ghrelin and obestatin significantly increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: We can conclude that 12 weeks of combined exercise (aerobic - resistance) reduced weight, body fat percentage, and BMI; while it increased plasma levels of ghrelin and obestatin.}, Keywords = {Concurrent Training, ghrelin, obestatin, obesity}, volume = {22}, Number = {141}, pages = {91-103}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3211-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3211-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {soltani, zahra and sabour, hadis and NorouziJavidan, abbas and heshmat, ramin and larigani, bagher and emamirazavi, has}, title = {Assessment of bone status in patients with spinal cord injury}, abstract ={Background: Bone loss in spinal cord injured patients is common problem. Based on high prevalence of osteoporosis in these patients, this study was designed for the first time to evaluate bone mineral density and related markers in spinal cord injured patients. Methods: Inpatients with chronic spinal cord injury who was referring to the clinic of spinal cord injury research center were recruited. Anthropometric, bone mineral density, serum levels of phosphorus, 25(OH)D, ALP, CTX, osteocalcin, PTH, calcitonin and food intake were evaluated. Results: There was a significant difference in bone density of lumbar and femoral site groups. Serum level of CTX in male group was significantly higher than femoral group (r=0.23). Time since injury was related positively to T. Score and Z. Score lumbar bone mineral density. Patients who was injured at lumbar level had the highest calcitonin level (p=0.04). Mean intake of calcium was 565.7±270mg/day in female group and 835.3±755mg/day in male group, in both it was lower than the recommended amount. Conclusion: Our study showed that vitamin D and calcium deficiency are common problem and these patients had different grades of low mineral density.}, Keywords = {Spinal cord injury, Bone mineral density, Biomarker, Vitamin D}, volume = {22}, Number = {141}, pages = {104-115}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3341-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3341-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Amiri, Mohammad and Chaman, Reza and Arabi, Mohsen and Ahmadinasab, Ahmad and Hejazi, Ali and Khosravi, Ahm}, title = {Factors influencing the intensity of burnout among rural health workers (Behvarz) in Northeastern Provinces of Iran}, abstract ={Background: Job burnout is a term to describe the negative changes in attitudes and behavior of people exposed to work stress. This study aimed to measure the intensity of burnout among rural health workers and to determine its related factors in Northeastern provinces of Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study a total of 548 rural health workers (Behvarz) working in medical universities of Shahroud, Sabzevar, Neishabour, Bojnourd and Semnan randomly were selected and investigated through Maslach Burnout Inventory. Data were analyzed using proportional ordered logistic regression and chi-square tests. Results: Most of the participants (71%) were female and married (90%). 14.6% of the participants were completely satisfied with their income and 7.4% with their essential facilities. Despite moderate satisfaction with their income and essential facilities, more than 75% of the rural health workers were highly interested in their job. The mean score of the intensity of emotional exhaustion, lack of personal accomplishment, depersonalization, conflict and burnout among the participants were 16.9±15.60, 35.5±13.54, 4.8±5.07, 6.1±4.66, and 63.1±25.14, respectively. Significant relationships were observed between burnout and factors including satisfaction with income and essential facilities, interest in job, gender, and place of residence. Conclusion: Although burnout among rural health workers is low, the intensity of emotional exhaustion, lack of personal accomplishment in health workers with experience of over 10 years is high. The opportunity to transfer high experienced workers to health houses close to city center, and providing the opportunity of continuation of education and academic and job promotion can improve the situation.}, Keywords = {Burnout, Rural health worker, Emotional exhaustion, Depersonalization}, volume = {22}, Number = {141}, pages = {116-125}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2916-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2916-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} }