@article{ author = {Zarkandi, J. and Mazhari, S.Z.}, title = {PREVALENCE OF CONGENITAL NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS IN 30142 NEWBORNS IN SHAHID AKBARABADI MATERNITY HOSPITAL}, abstract ={Congenital neural tube defects (NTDs) consisting anencephalus , encephalocele, myelomeningocele have been major problems for parents and physicians. The major causes of these malformations are unknown, but effects of several factors such as, genetic suseptibitity , maternal age, low socioeconomic state , maternal malnutrition specially folic acid deficiency on genesis of these malformations have been reported frequently. In this retrospective survey the records of 30142 newborns were studied in shahid akbarabadi maternity hospital during 22 months. The incidence of NTOs was 3.1 per thousand and 1.5 per thousand for anencephalus, and 1.4 per thousand for myelomeningocele. The essential factors to decrease, incidence of these malformations included prevention of above mentined risk factors and application of new diagnostic procedures such as sonography, scaning, fetoscopy, radiography and measurment of AFP and acetyl coline estrase before 16-18 th week of pregnancy.}, Keywords = {1) Anencephalus 2) Myelomeningocele 3) Incidence 4) NTDs}, volume = {1}, Number = {0}, pages = {215-221}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1884-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1884-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {1995} } @article{ author = {Azizi, R.}, title = {BREAST CANCER DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION}, abstract ={Carcinoma of the breast may occur or diagnosed during pregnancy and lactation. Diagnosis is often delayed, and women usually present with far advanced stage of the disease, which accounts for poor overall prognosis. Primary care physicians, specially obstetrician and gynecologists playa pivotal role in the diagnosis of breast cancer during pregnancy and lactation. It is specially important that a careful breast examination be performed at the initial obstetric visit before the breast become engorged and difficult to examine carefully. Treatment is similar to that for nonpregnant patients except that radiation and chemotherapy is not recommended at any stage of pregnancy.}, Keywords = {1) Breast cancer 2) Pregnancy 3) Chemotherapy}, volume = {1}, Number = {0}, pages = {222-225}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1886-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1886-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {1995} } @article{ author = {Fesharaki, M. and Hosseini, F.}, title = {DETERMINATION OF SAMPLE SIZE IN MEDICAL RESEARCH}, abstract ={One of the questions that most investigators specially physicians encounter when they plan a research project is determining sample sizes. Selecting a sample greater than what is required to obtain the desired results causes wastage of the sources, while selection of very small samples often leads the investigator to the results which have no practical use. Determining number ot the required samples depends on various factors such as type, purpose and domain of action of the study and expected results which all should be considered at the time of planning. The present article deals with the cases that make it necessary to adopt a great smaple, and the cases that make selection of the samail smples more advisable. Anyway, in the cases that number of the samples is optionally selected, the percentge of problems appeared in research findings will increase and leads to wrong interpretaition or the results. Meanwhile it should be taken into account that large number of samples cannot be a substitute for incorrect samplins plan. In recent years, easier methods have been used to determine the required number of samples in addition to the formulas presented in the statistical texts. one of these methods is to prosper the tables and pamphlets that are published by WHO. The presented tables and examples in the pamphletes are selected in such a way that contain many of the current methods in the health investigations. This not only has the direct practical application for the researchers but also opens a horizon toward the statistical methodology in determining number of the samples.}, Keywords = {1) Sample size 2) Medical research 3) Methodology}, volume = {1}, Number = {0}, pages = {226-231}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1887-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1887-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {1995} } @article{ author = {Fathi, M. and Latifi, N.A. and Karimi, A.R.}, title = {ONE -STAGE TOTAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE EAR WITH SIMULTANEOUS TYMPANOPLASTY}, abstract ={Microtia is the complete absence of auricular tissues. Total reconstruction of the ear is one of the most difficult problems is reconstructive surgery. Classical multi-staged reconstructions can achieve satisfactory results but they require multiple hospitalizations and high cost. The ideal would be reconstruction of a life-like ear in one operation. Yeguang Song from China has done one stage total ear reconstruction in 1981. After studing the vascular anatomy of the auricular region we began the work of one stage total ear reconstruction in Hazrat Fatemeh hospital and the results were good. Therefore we suggested one stage total ear reconstruction instead of multiple stages.}, Keywords = {1) Microtia 2) Ear Reconstruction 3) Tympanoplasty}, volume = {1}, Number = {0}, pages = {232-238}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1888-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1888-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {1995} } @article{ author = {Keyhani, Z. and Safarnavadeh, M.}, title = {BREAST FEEDING AND NEONATAL SEPSIS}, abstract ={The purpose of this study was based on discovering a relation, it any, between breast feeding and the occurrence of sepsis in neonatal period. Two hundred one-month-old healthy neonates (group I) and two hundred one-month-old neonates with proven sepsis (group /I) born in Tehran who were matched in every view points were studied. The data were collected by questionares, interviews, and medical charts reviews of mothers and their neonates. The study was carried on from Februaty throuth June 1992 in fifteen hospitals in Tehran city. In group I 67% were roomed-in with mothers, and breastfed by average eithteen hours and half after birth, 47% were exclusively breastfed, 76.5% were fed as of ten as they demands and not by any strict schedule. In group /I 63% were separted from their mothers and were fed by average 24-37 hours after birth, only 6% were exclusively breast fed, 40% were fed by strict schedule, and 50% were deprived from feeding during the night. This study show that rooming-in , early feeding exclusively by breast milk, according to newborn's demand and not by any strict schedule has a definite role in reducing the occurrence of neonatal sepsis.}, Keywords = {1) Sepsis 2) Breast feeding 3) Rooming}, volume = {1}, Number = {0}, pages = {239-247}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1889-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1889-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {1995} } @article{ author = {Mehdizadeh, A. and Akbarian, A.R.}, title = {THE ROLE OF CYTOKINES IN REPRODUCTION}, abstract ={The role of cytokines and growth factor on reproduction is a rapidly growing new area of investigation. Immune cells and related cytokines have been shown to affect the neuroendocrine events of reproduction, ovarian function, placenta and the developing embryo. Further more, it is now becomming apparent that these relationships are reciprocal in that the different cellular components of the neuroendocrine and reproductive systems and the developing embryo can modulate the production of cytokine by immune system and can also produce certain cytokines.}, Keywords = {1) Cytokines 2) Neuroendocrine 3) Reproduction 4) Immune system}, volume = {1}, Number = {0}, pages = {248-255}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1890-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1890-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {1995} } @article{ author = {Meersamadi, M.M. and Modaress-zadeh, S.M.}, title = {PREVALENCE OF CONGENITAL COLOR BLINDNESS IN INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TEHRAN}, abstract ={An epidemiologic study was conducted to determine the incidence of color blindness in secondary school students (age 12-14). A total of 2058 students (1136 boys and 922 girls) were examined with Ishihara pseudoisochromatic color plates Considering the special test conditions, best corrected vision was recorded for each individual. In the study population, 97 cases of defective color vision were detected including 93 males and 4 females. The affected individuales all had negative histories of previous systemic and ocular disease and long term use of drugs. The visual acuity was 20/20 and the fundus was normal in all affected students. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1- Defective color vision in boys: 8.18%(93 cases) Deuteranomaly: 4.93%(56 cases) Protanomaly: 1.14%(13 cases) Deuteranopia: 1.14% (13 cases) Protanopia: 0.97% (11 cases) 2-Defective color vision in girls: 0.43% (4 cases) Deuteranomaly: 0.32% (3 cases) Protanomaly : 0.11% (1 case) In female students deuteranopia and protanopia was not detected. Statistical analysis shows that there is no significant difference between the incidence of color blindness as reported in this study compared to the prevalence of color blindness as reported in Western, including American medical literature.}, Keywords = {1) Color Blindness 2) Deuteranomaly 3) Protanopia}, volume = {1}, Number = {0}, pages = {256-260}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1892-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1892-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {1995} }