@article{ author = {}, title = {Effect of eight weeks High intensity Interval Training (HIT on Body weight and serum levels of TNF-α, insulin and lipid profile in obese children}, abstract ={Background: Prevalence of obesity among children and adolescent is increasing surprisingly. Overweight and obesity in early teens is associated with mortality from cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Obesity is related to systemic inflammation, high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and insulin tolerance which are directly related to  metabolic diseases such diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure. Several reports demonstrated that various exercise trainings have beneficial effects on obesity and its complication. However fewer studies could be found that investigated the effect of Sprint Interval Training (SIT) on childhood obesity and serum levels of insulin and inflammatory cytokines. Methods: In this Quasi-experimental study, thirty-two obese boys (BMI= 27) were randomly assigned to SIT (N=16) and control groups (C) (N=16). Training protocol consisted of 30s and 90s of all-out running that was performed 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Hormonal and inflammatory variables were measured by ELISA analysis. Data were analyzed using Independent sample t-test and Pearson correlation. Results:  After 8 weeks SIT, serum levels of TNF-&alpha; and insulin decreased significantly (P<0.001). Also BMI (P=0.010), total cholesterol (P<0.001) and body weight (P=0.020) respond to SIT decreased significantly but significant change in serum levels of HDL (P=0.500), LDL (P=0.170) and TG(P=0.600) wasn’t observed. Conclusion: These results indicate that SIT has anti-inflammatory and protective effects on childhood obesity and probably we could use this exercise as a non-pharmacological method in treatment or prevention of obesity.}, Keywords = {Obese Children, Insulin Resistance, Sprint Interval Training}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4156-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4156-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The role of thought Action Fusion, experiential avoidance and responsibility in predicting symptoms of obsessive – compulsive in non-clinical population}, abstract ={Abstract Objectives: The aim of the current study is to investigate the relationship of thought Action Fusion, experiential avoidance and responsibility with obsessive–compulsive Symptoms in nonclinical population. Method: A sample of 200 students of Malayer University was selected through convenience sampling method and completed the following questionnaires: Thought Fusion Instrument (TFI), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), Responsibility Attitude Scale Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: Results from stepwise regression showed that thought Action Fusion, experiential avoidance and responsibility entered in the model as predictors. Predictors had different weights in predicting symptoms. Predictive equation is reported for obsessive-compulsive symptoms in students. Conclusion: Based on the research results use of metacognitive therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of OCD is suggested.}, Keywords = {Key words: obsessive-compulsive disorder, thought Action Fusion, experiential avoidance, responsibility.}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {8-18}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3134-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3134-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Comparison of the diagnostic performance of MRI and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) assessment of cardiac masses}, abstract ={Background: Cardiac tumors are usually asymptomatic diseases. Considering the anatomic position of the heart, it is necessary to identify their nature before every aggressive intervention. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of MRI and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) assessment of cardiac masses. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey from April 2010 to March 2013, twenty eight patients with suspected cardiac tumors, were evaluated with TTE and MRI. Collected data analyzed using MCSS 2007 and PASS 2008 software p<0.05 used for significance. Results: The present study indicated that accurate diagnosis was made by MRI as 37.9% non-neoplastic lesions, 20.7% as benign tumors, 20.7% as malignant tumors and 3 cases of extra-cardiac lesions. In contrast, only in 8 patients with benign tumors the accurate diagnosis was made by TTE. Conclusion: The present study indicated that MRI scanning in comparison to TTE is more efficacious for the evaluation of cardiac masses and can be considered as an appropriate test when they are suspected according to preliminary results of imaging studies.}, Keywords = {Cardiac masses, Cardiac neoplasm, MRI, Echocardiography}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {19-26}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3492-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3492-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Nouri, Saeed and Sharif, Mohammad Reza and Jamali, Bardia and Panahi, Yunes}, title = {Comparison the effect of calcium sulfate and ferric sulfate in controlling liver bleeding: an animal model study}, abstract ={Background: The control of parenchymal hemorrhage especially in liver parenchyma, despite surgical science progresses, is still one of the challenges surgeons face saving the patients’ lives and there is a research challenge between the researchers in this field to introduce a more effective method. This study aimed to compare the hemostatic effect of calcium sulfate and ferric sulfate on controlling the bleeding from liver parenchymal tissue. Methods: In this animal model study 60 male wistar rats were used. A length of two cm and a depth of half a cm incision was made on each mouse’s liver and the hemostasis time was measured using calcium sulfate and ferric sulfate different concentrations (15%, 25%, and 50%). Finally, the obtained data were entered into SPSS software and analyzed using Kruskal-wallis test, Mann – Whitney, Kolmogorov – Smirnov and also Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Results: In all groups we had complete hemostasis. The hemostasis time of calcium sulfate concentration groups was significantly less than that of the ferric sulfate group (p<0.01). Conclusion: Calcium sulfate and ferric sulfate can control liver bleeding and both are effective hemostatic agents in controlling liver parenchymal tissue hemorrhage in an animal model.}, Keywords = {Hemostasis, Calcium Sulfate, Ferric Sulfate, Liver}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {27-34}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3027-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3027-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {MahmoudAlilou, Majid and yarmohammadivasel, mosayeb and Bayat, Ahmad and Hosseini, Esmaeel}, title = {Surveying the psychological well-being components of heart patients referred to Ekbatan hospital of Hamedan, in association with gender, age and education in 2012}, abstract ={Background: Nowadays psychological well-being is one of the important subjects in the studies of chronic diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are directly due to some wrong behaviors of people, their psychological traits, stress and anxiety. The aim of this study was to study and describe the psychological well-being components of heart patients referred to Ekbatan hospital of Hamedan. Methods: Method of research is survey and its type is descriptive. 82 heart patients of Ekbatan hospital of Hamedan were selected with available sampling method. Subjects completed Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale. The data was analyzed using SPSS-16, descriptive statistical methods and Manova method. Results: Findings indicated that mean of psychological well-being in heart patients is 257.5 and mean of personal growth, purpose in life, environmental mastery, self-acceptance, autonomy and positive relations with others are 45.085, 44.866, 44.537, 45.33, 47.733 and 50.5, in order. Also, there was statistically significant difference between psychological well-being components in men and women (p< 0.05); while, there was no statistically significant difference between age and education in association with psychological well-being components (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Psychological well-being of heart patients of Hamedan is relatively average or low. We can say that psychological well-being of these patients, in comparison with healthy people, is remarkably low. Psychological well-being of men and women patients was different, but considering age and education there was no difference in psychological well-being of heart patients. Thus, we cannot predict psychological well-being based on the basis of age and education.}, Keywords = {Psychological Well-Being Components, Heart Patients}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {35-45}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3335-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3335-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Daryazadeh, Saeideh}, title = {Prevalence of simultaneous infections and causes of death of positive-HIV patients in incubation and AIDS phases}, abstract ={Background: Infective diseases are one of the most important causes of life quality decrease and death in HIV/AIDS‏ ‏patients. The aim of this study was comparison of viral hepatitis B and C and tuberculosis simultaneous infections Prevalence of positive-HIV patients in incubation and AIDS phases and causes of death in Isfahan Behavioral Consultation Center during ten years (1999 to 2009). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Tuberculosis and viral hepatitis B and C simultaneous infections of positive-HIV patients in incubation and AIDS phases and causes of death in Isfahan Behavioral Consultation Center were investigated; they were selected by census method. Patient information was entered to SPSS version 19 software and data were analyzed via descriptive analytic statistical methods. Results: Totally 116 (48.1%) of 241 patients had one or two disease hepatitis C and B and Tuberculosis (TB) that 18 patients (15.5%) were in AIDS phase. In incubation phase hepatitis C and in AIDS phase TB had the most frequency. 72 patients died that 18 patients (25%) were in AIDS phase. The most causes of death in patients, including 18.1% in incubation phase and 14% in AIDS phase, was AIDS (p≤ 0.001). Conclusion: The most prevalent of simultaneous infective disease in incubation phase was hepatitis C and in AIDS phase was TB. Clearly simultaneous Hepatitis C and TB in AIDS phase had more prevalent. The most prevalent cause of death in incubation phase was drug intoxication and in AIDS phase was AIDS, but death due to AIDS had the most prevalent in both phases.}, Keywords = {HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis, Tuberculosis}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {46-55}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3381-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3381-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {fallah, abbas and gharakhanlou, reza and soleimani, masoud and mojtahedi, shim}, title = {The expression of miR-206 in response to one session resistance exercise in fast and slow twitch skeletal muscles of Wistar male rats}, abstract ={Background: MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional down regulation of genes and myogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an acute bout of exhaustive resistance exercise on miR-206 expression in slow and fast twitch skeletal muscles in trained and untrained male wistar rats. Methods: This experimental study was conducted with the animal model. 30 male wistar rats, were assigned in three groups: control (n=6), traind (n=12) and untrained (n=12). 48 h after the last training session in trained group(Resistance training included weight lifting up on a vertical ladder for 8 weeks), trained and untrained groups performed an acute exhaustive bout of resistance exercise and were sacrificed in a 4 time zone. Expression of miR-206 was measured by Real time – PCR technique. The differences between variables were determined by one way ANOVA method. Results: statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA showed that between trained and untrained groups in FHL and Sol muscles there was a significant difference (p=0.05) statistically. Also in both groups expression of miR-206 in FHL muscle elevated and in Sol muscle decreased. Conclusion: The findings showed that response of miR-206 to one bout resistance exercise with and without adaptation to training in fast and slow muscles is different.}, Keywords = { miR-206, resistance training, resistance exercise, SOL, FHL, Real time – PCR }, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {56-63}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3466-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3466-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ahmadi, Majid and Zahrakar, Kianoush and Davarniya, Reza and Rezaiee, Mohse}, title = {The effectiveness of brief self-regulation couple therapy on couple burnout in couples of Saveh city}, abstract ={Background: Most of the couple therapy interventions approaches are to decrease marital conflict and increase mental health among couples. The present research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of Brief self-regulation couple therapy on couple burnout in couples of Saveh city. Methods: The method was Quasi-Experimental and the design was pre-test Post-test and follow-up with control group. The sample of this research includes all the couples who visited counseling centers under supervision of the state welfare organization of Saveh (Aramesh, Mehregan &Yara) in the first half of 2013, and who agreed to the researcher's request for attending couple therapy sessions because of marital conflicts and problems. Using available sampling, 16 couples who attained the highest scores in Couple Burnout Questionnaire and were qualified to attend the sessions were chosen and were placed in two groups of experiment and control (each having 8 couples) by random replacement. For the purpose of gathering the data, Pains Couple Burnout Measure 1996 (CBM) was used that was filled as the pretest by both groups. Then, couples of the experiment group underwent a brief self-regulation couple therapy intervention for the duration of 8 sessions of one-hour by the sequence of one session per week, but the control group received no intervention and they were put in the waiting list. After finishing the treatment a post-test was taken by both groups and one month after the last therapy session, a follow-up test was taken by both groups. Data were analyzed by using SPSS18 and methods of descriptive statistics and mixed variance analysis. Results: Results indicated that brief self-regulation couple therapy, significantly decreased couple burnout in couples, and the results have had enough consistency in the follow-up period, as well. Conclusion: The present research's results showed that self-regulation couple therapy can be used as an intervention option in decreasing marital problems.}, Keywords = {Brief Self-Regulation Couple Therapy, Couple Burnout, Couples}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {64-75}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3291-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3291-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Akbari, Zahra and Tol, Azar and Shojaeizadeh, Davoud and Aazam, Kamal and kia, fatemeh}, title = {Assessing of physical activity self-efficacy and knowledge about benefits and safety during pregnancy among women}, abstract ={Background: Though, positive correlation and relationship between physical activity and maternal health, is proved, but, for a few reasons, physical activity declines during pregnancy. Some study suggests that self-efficacy is correlated with sustaining engagement in physical activity. The purpose of this study was to obtain physical activity level; self-efficacy and knowledge about benefits and safety during pregnancy among 205 pregnant women refer to health center of 22- region in capital Tehran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of 205 pregnant women refer to health center.Tools of current study were self-reported questionnaire for assessing self-efficacy and knowledge about benefits and safety during pregnancy, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and demographics questionnaire. To assess statistical differences between groups, one-way analysis of variance & Chi-Square was conducted. Alpha level for statistical significance was set at 0.05 and data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software Version 16.0 (SPSS). Results: physical activity self-efficacy was significantly related to maternal education (p=0.047) and physical activity level (p=0.008). There is significant relationship between maternal physical activity level and their education (p=0.011) and job (p=0.015). There is not significant relationship between self-efficacy and age (p=0.363) and gestational status (p=0.954). Only 33.1% (n=68) of participants knew that activity would increase maternal energy level, 52.2% (n=107) perceived that exercise can prevent the risk of gestational diabetes, and just 25.9% (n=53) reported that a mother who is overweight is more likely to have an overweight child. Conclusion: Results verified that education was important role in women’s information about health benefits and safety knowledge related to physical activity during pregnancy.}, Keywords = {Self-efficacy, Physical activity, Pregnancy, Perceived benefits, Safety precautions}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {76-87}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3548-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3548-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Aminimoghaddam, Soheila and Pahlevani, Rozhin and Saadatjoo, Samir}, title = {A rare case of vaginal endometriosis}, abstract ={Background: Endometriosis is one of a benign disease of female genital system, prevalence is 5-10 percent in reproductive age and the pelvis is the most common site for it, extra pelvic Endometriosis is much rare. Vaginal endometriosis is an uncommon and rare finding Between Extra pelvic one that its Prevalence is not clear. In this report we present a rare case of vaginal endometriosis and it`s treatment. Case Report: This report describes a 35 year-old woman with preumbilical, supra pubic pain and dysmenorrhea up to 10 years and also 6-years history of infertility, who did not receive any treatment during these years. Finally, by detection of necrotic mass in the posterior fornix of the vagina and probability of cervical myoma, laparoscopy and then laparotomy was performed and the mass was removed. Endometriosis has been reported by the pathologist. Conclusion: Surgery is a choice of treatment in a person with history of infertility and Endometriosis. Awareness of this rare finding could provide preoperative detection and proper treatment. Thus taking a thorough history of the patient, performing an accurate examination and doing the essential Diagnostic procedures are mandatory.}, Keywords = {Vaginal endometriosis, Laparotomy, Cervical myoma}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {88-92}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3445-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3445-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {ahmadi, rahim and foroutan, maryam and Alinavaz, Mi}, title = {Individual characteristics, common clinical features and diet history in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes in Eslamshahr-Tehran}, abstract ={Background: Diabetes is among the common metabolic disorders in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the individual characteristics, common clinical features and diet history in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes in Eslamshahr-Tehran. Methods: This cross sectional retrospective study was conducted to investigate patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes referred to care centers during 2010-2012 in Eslamshahr and documentarily profiled. Individual questionnaire, food frequency questionnaire and face to face interview were used to collect the data. The data was analyzed using t- or Chi-square tests and ANOVA. Results: The frequency of type 2 diabetes was significantly more than type 1 (p<0.01). The frequency of type 1 or 2 diabetes was higher in females than males (p<0.01). A family history of diabetes was observed in 64% and 82% of patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes, respectively. 47.8% of patients with type 1diabetes and 42.9% of patients with type 2diabetes reported a history of psychological problems and 27.5% of patients with type 1diabetes and 27.1% of patients with type 2 diabetes reported a history of negative life events. There was lower consumption of cereal food groups in diabetic patients than standard recommended orders (p<0.001). Conclusion: Occurrence of diabetes was more common in females than males and of type 2 diabetes was more common than type 1 diabetes. Genetic background, familial history, diet and history of psychological problems were among the important causes associated with diabetes occurrence.}, Keywords = {Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, Individual characteristics, Clinical features, Diet, Eslamshahr}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {93-102}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2452-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2452-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Hariri, Sevil and Nouri, Mohammad and Nahaei, Mohammad-Reza and Dolatkhah, Homayu}, title = {Evaluation of serum lipid profile in individual’s infected and non-infected with Helicobacter pylori infection in the city of Tabriz}, abstract ={Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most important factors of peptic ulcer and other gastrointestinal disorders. Gastritis caused by H. pylori infection has a high prevalence and about 10 percent of people in their lifetime will suffer from gastritis patients. Some studies have shown an association between Helicobacter pylori and atherosclerosis that may exist. The studies showed that the presence of H. pylori in peptic ulcer gut leads to changes in lipid profile including cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins are HDL-c and LDL-c. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lipid profile in individuals infected and non-infected with H. pylori in the city of Tabriz is the measurement of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and LDL- cholesterol in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection as a standard golden disease progression of atherosclerosis and heart disease rate would be very useful vessel. Methods: Patients admitted to the Clinic of Imam Reza Hospital Tabriz doctor gastrointestinal endoscopy, gastroscopy was performed. The patients were selected from a blood sample and two biopsies were taken from the pyloric antrum 3 cm remained. H. pylori infected and non -infected patients in both groups were classified. And among them, 58 people as groups or individuals infected with H. pylori infection and 58 healthy individuals who were infected as control group were randomly selected. Total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, HDL- cholesterol and LDL- cholesterol were measured by colorimetric method. Results: In the group of H. pylori -infected individuals with active peptic ulcer rate, lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL and HDL compared with the control group are statistically significant. (In all cases, p=0.0001). Conclusion: Due to the heavy burden of cardiovascular disease health of the economy and the society make extensive studies conducted during the last decade and the risk factors that increase a person’s risk of heart coronary disease they have identified. H. pylori infection and gastrointestinal diseases abroad, especially vascular disorders (e.g. ischemia heart disease, the phenomenon of early Raynvrd, stroke ischemia) is connected. Many case studies - a witness reported a significant association between H. pylori positive and heart disease - cardiovascular and electrocardiographic changes ischemia that is independent of risk factors and socioeconomic factors cardiac vascular requirements.}, Keywords = {Helicobacter pylori infection, coronary heart diseases, lipid profile and atherosclerosis}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {103-112}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2976-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2976-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Tashvighi, Maryam and GholamzadehBaees, Mehdi and Miladinia, Mojtaba and Talaiyan, Mohammad Rez}, title = {The prevalence and frequency of risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)}, abstract ={Background: Sudden infant death syndrome or SIDS is an idiopathic syndrome that leads to sudden and unexpected death in infants aged less than one year (12 months). It is prevalence rate is 7.0 per 1,000 live births. This type of death is very bitter experience enormous sorrow for the family. Various risk factors have been identified for this idiopathic Syndrome (the parents, baby and infant sleep environment) have been identified. According to the statistics and detailed information regarding SIDS risk factors does not exist in Iran. This study aimed to identify risk factors for SIDS in infants and frequency and analysis was conducted in Qom. Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 1021 infants health centers in Qom 1-12 months in 2014 to cluster random sampling were included. Data were collected by questionnaire in three parts SIDS risk factors related to parental characteristics (8 items), infants (9 items) and infant sleep environment (6 items).To determine reliability of this questionnaire, and we used Cronbach’s alpha method. The questionnaire’s reliability was determined as 0.83 through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. After determining the frequency of risk factors, the results were analyzed by comparing with other studies. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS 18 at significance level of less than 0.05. Results: 46 (4.5%) of mothers were younger than 21 years. 491 (48.1%) of infants were boys. Among the fathers, 92(9%) were smoking during pregnancy. The birth weight of 130 infants (12.7%) was less than 2.5 kg. 942 infants (92.3%) had shared bedroom (Co-Sleeping) and 346(35.7%) had shared bed (Bed-Sharing). Infant sleeping in prone (Prone position) and lateral positions (Side lying position) which are considered common risk factors were seen in 154 (15.1%) and 402(39/4%) infants, respectively. Conclusion: SIDS risk factors were common. The results showed that the highest risk factor (92.3 %) has been shared bedroom. Increase awareness of parents to educate their families and physicians about risk factors and prevention is necessary. Due to differences some of the risk factors with other studies and the lack of accurate information about this syndrome, studies to identify risk factors and the incidence of SIDS in Iran and other parts of the world is recommended.}, Keywords = {Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, SIDS, Risk factors, Breastfeeding, Bed-sharing}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {113-120}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3579-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3579-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {yousefi, amana and sabzghabaii, forogh and soltaniarabshahi, seyad kamran and Tabatabaee, Seyed Mortez}, title = {Evaluation of validity and reliability of patient satisfaction questionnaire in Firoozgar Hospital clinic}, abstract ={Background: Patient satisfaction is an important parameter related to medical care quality. Although the evaluation is important, there is not any reliable and valid questionnaire for this measurement. Methods: Study type was descriptive-analytic. The Patient |Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) was translated. Some experts in medical education reviewed the translated copy and the required revision was made. The revised version was converted to English again. Content and face validity was accepted. Results: Repeatability was 0.98 (CI: 0.97 – 0.99) with interclass correlation coefficient in one way random effect. Kronbach alpha coefficient was 0.98. Conclusion: The PSQ is a valid and reliable method for evaluation of patients’ satisfaction from medical students.}, Keywords = {Validity, Reliability, PSQ, Medical student}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {121-127}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3519-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3519-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {rahimzadeh, nahid and asllani, sima and hoseini, rozita and Javadmoosavi, Ghazal and javadmoosavi, arash}, title = {The pattern of antibiotic resistance between the years 1992 to 2013 in children with urinary tract infections admitted to Rasoul-e-Akram and Ali Asghar hospitals}, abstract ={Background: Urinary tract infections are very common diseases in children and E. coli is considered as the main cause of urinary tract infections. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microbial species in urinary tract infection of children between 1370-1391 due to increasing consumption and resistance antimicrobial agents that used commonly. Methods: In this study, from 1992 to 2013, all patients with urinary tract infection between 2 month and under 15 years of age were enrolled. Results: The age ranged from 2 months to 15 years with an average of 3.57-3.92 years. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most common uropathogen in 253 patients (73.4%), Klebsiella in 57 patients (24.8%) Pseudomonas in 9 patients (2.6%), Proteus in 7 patients (3%), Acinetobacter and Enterobacter each in 1 patient (0.3%) respectively. Most of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin (64.5%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (61.5%). Most of the strains were susceptible to amikacin, nitrofurantoin and Ciprofloxacin (respective susceptibility rates, 90%, 84.5, and 72%). During this period, a significant decrease in sensitivity was observed for ampicillin, cefotaxime and nalidixic acid (p<0.001). Conclusion: These data suggest that trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole may no longer be used as empirical treatment for community-acquired UTI. In order to preserve the activity of fluoroquinolones for future years, alternatives such as nitrofurantoin should be considered}, Keywords = {Escherichia coli, Urinary tract infection, Antimicrobial resistance}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {128-133}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2897-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2897-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {nobahar, monir and razavi, mohammad reza and malek, farhad and ghorbani, raheb}, title = {Incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care units and its relationship with risk factors}, abstract ={Background: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia is the most important cause of mortality of nosocomial infections. Still incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and its related risk factors in routine nursing care in the intensive care unit has not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of Ventilator-Associated in intensive care units and its relationship with risk factors. Methods: This Descriptive-Analytical study conducted in the intensive care unit in Semnan educational hospitals. 35 patients were selected by convenience sampling. Inclusion criteria included of age over 18 years, connecting to mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours, lack of pneumonia, no contraindications for oral rinse, without oral trauma, and having no contraindications to raise head of bed at least 30 degrees. Oral rinse was done with normal saline twice a day also for diagnosis of pneumonia, Modified Clinical Pneumonia Infection Score and for collecting patient’s data, questionnaire was used. Results: Results showed that 13 (37/1%) patients developed ventilator-associated pneumonia. except of the use of antibiotics and underlying disease between risk factors and the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia was not significant relation. Conclusion: In this study, a high incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia is observed. Use a disinfectant solution in oral rinse for reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia is necessary. Also rational administration and non-use of antibiotics for a long time in the intensive care unit and control of the underlying disease can be an effective action in reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia.}, Keywords = {Hospital Infections, Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, Risk Factors, Intensive Care Unit}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {134-145}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2979-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2979-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Aghakhani, Kamran and Memarian, Azadeh and Fares, Foroozan and Hosseini, Rosita and Khalatbari, Sepehr}, title = {Gender determination using subpubic angle in pelvic radiographs of Iranian adult population}, abstract ={Background: One of problem in forensic pathology is identification of skeletonized remainders. The first step in determination of sex as it immediately excludes approximately half of population. To this regard pelvic is one of the best bones. This study aims to distinguish between man and women by use of anteroposterior pelvic x-ray and measurement of subpubic angles. Methods: Subpubic angle was measured in the anteroposterior pelvic radiographs of 200 Iranian adults (100 men and 100 women). Data were analyzed through SPSS v. 22. Results: The overall mean (SD) of subpubic angle was 118.49±22.09. The mean (SD) sub pubic angle in men was 101.51±13.40 and in women 135.47±13.40. In this study there was significant relation between means of subpubic angle in men and women، which is significant wider and larger in women (p<0.001).In this study demarking point was 115.92 degrees with accuracy of 91.5%, sensitivity 91% and specificity 92%. Conclusion: Mean of subpubic angle is different from other population but there is a significant difference in the subpubic angle between men and women, and due to its high accuracy، and subpubic angle it could be used in gender identification of skeletal remainders.}, Keywords = {Subpubic angle, Identification, Gender, Pelvic radiography}, volume = {22}, Number = {139}, pages = {146-150}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4092-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4092-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2016} }