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Conceptual and Practical Evolution of the Virtual Hospital
Hamid Moghaddasi
1
Mehran Kamkarhaghighi
2
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Background:
ICT development has led to the
emergence of virtual organizations phenomenon. Virtual hospital is one of these
virtual organizations which present digital version of services and information
of a hospital. In scientific literature, the term “virtual hospital” covers
other concepts as well as the concept of a hospital. The study aimed at analyzing
conceptual and practical evolution of virtual hospital. Considering these
purpose different documents of the 1950s were reviewed and categorized under
four conceptual terms. Practically, we related some actions to each term, as
well. Methods:
This study was conducted as a
review of articles collected from PubMed, Web of Sciences and Google Scholar
databases. Findings:
Definitions of virtual hospital
were differed from time to time. There is also different experience of
implemented virtual hospitals in different countries. The first virtual
hospital refers to the medical digital library to provide telemedicine
services, in which then was named a virtual medical university. In the first
decade of the 21st century, virtual hospital as a three-dimensional
environment based on virtual reality emerged. Of those countries which adopted
this technology were Germany, United Kingdom, United States, New Zealand, China
and Singapore. Conclusion:
By advancing
virtual reality techniques and development of Nano-electronics, we will be
witnesses of production of advanced “point of care systems" with a kind of
interaction between patients and physicians in a way that they feel they are
really in a real hospital with possibility of track and care of patients instead
real hospitalization
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3468-en.pdf
Virtual Hospital
E-Health
Telemedicine
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23
article
Effectiveness of educational intervention on exclusive breast feeding in primipara women: application of planned behavior theory
Isa Mohammadi Zeidi
1
Amir Pakpour Hajiagha
2
Banafsheh Mohammadi Zeidi
3
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
Tonekabon Azad University
Background: Breast-feeding is the recommended method of infant feeding because it is clearly associated with health benefits for infants and their mothers. Yet, many women who initiate breast-feeding fail to meet their own personal goals or recommended standards for duration of breast-feeding. To refine a Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) based on structural model for explaining variability in breast-feeding intention and duration. This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention to continue breastfeeding among primiparas in Tonekabon city.
Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with 110 primiparas who were in their seventh and eighth months of pregnancy referred to two health centers in Tonekabon city. The subjects were randomly selected from health centers in Tonekabon city and assigned to either control (n=55) and experimental group (n=55). The research tool was a self constructed questionnaire with two sections demographic questions and the TBP constructs i.e. knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, intention and breast feeding behavior. Face and content validity was appointed by an expert’s panel. Internal consistency and reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and test-retest coefficients. Mothers in the experimental group received an educational intervention based on the TBP constructs in terms of how proper feeding infants with breast milk, the benefits of exclusive breast feeding, nutritional characteristics for infants with low birth weight, frequency and duration of breastfeeding and how to store breast milk in mothers who work. The data were collected two months before delivery and four months after delivery. The chi-square, t-test and and two-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. The confidence level was 95%.
Results: the average age of the mothers who participated in the study in experimental and control groups were 23.84 and 23.59, respectively. More than 60% of the mothers were educated until diploma and had an intermediate family income. There were no differences between the groups before educational intervention. The educational intervention resulted in a significant increase in attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, behavioral intentions and breast feeding behavior (p<0.001) while there was no significant change in the control group. Breastfeeding behavior had no significant difference between the two groups before the educational intervention. A significant change in feeding behavior was observed in the experimental group once the educational intervention was implemented.
Conclusion: our results indicated that the theory of planned behavior is an appropriate theory to explain the impact of psychosocial factors for the design and implementation of educational programs to increase exclusive breast-feeding among primiparas
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3469-en.pdf
Theory of planned behavior
Breast-feeding
Pregnant
Primiparas
Education
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article
Prediction of Postpartum Depression Based on Parental Bonding, History of Anxiety, and Depression among Women Attended Health Care Centers in Shiraz
ziba norouzi
1
2
Background: Depression has often been considered as a major cause
of human health threats in the world. The goal of the current study was to predict postpartum
depression among women attended health care centers in Shiraz based on parental
bonding, history of anxiety, and depression . Methods: In this regard, 120 women with postpartum depression
were selected among the women who had delivered in hospitals of Shiraz using
convenience sampling method. The tools were Parental Bonding Instrument
(PBI), Postnatal Depression Scale (Edinburgh), and the checklist of anxiety and
depression using diagnostic criteria of anxiety and mood disorders (DSM- IV-IR). Data
were analyzed using multiple regression analysis with stepwise method through
SPSS v.16. Findings: The linear regression model showed that
extraordinary protective factors of caring father (p<0.001) and mother
(p<0.001) have significant effect on depression. Considering the calculated
coefficient determinant (R2=0.44), the extraordinary protective
factors of caring father and mother, predicted 44% of postpartum depression. It
means that 44% of changes by postpartum depression in caused by the
extraordinary protective factors of caring father and mother. Conclusion: Result
of regression analysis indicated that protective factors of caring father and
mother are able to predict postpartum depression. The overall results of this
study indicated that emotional
connection between parents and their children, leads to(determine) the
formation of mental disorders in children in different periods of life
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3471-en.pdf
Postpartum depression
Parental bonding
Anxiety
Depression history
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article
Epidemiology and Mortality of burned patients referred to Motahari Hospital, Tehran
Lale Amani
1
Somayeh Soleymanzadeh Moghadam
2
Masoud Roudbari
3
Roya Roustapoor
4
Marziyeh Armat
5
Abdolaziz Rastegar Lari
6
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Background: Burn is from the main causes of
death, and studies show that prevention is the best way to reduce deaths from
burns. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological burns, as well as
evaluating the relationship between different variables. Methods: This cross-sectional study
performed on 335 patients, from September 2011 to March 2012 in Motahari
Hospital, Tehran. Information includes age, sex, total burn surface area (TBSA),
cause of burn, length of hospitalization, burn extent and death rate and
morbidity were extracted from patients' records. Results: result showed that 78.6% of patients were male
and the rest female and 34 patients died. Also TBSA of 86.2% of patients was
less than 40%. In this study, explosions and scalds are the highest causes of
burns, respectively. Length of hospitalization varied from 1 to 105days and the
mean was 13 days. Conclusion: Identifying factors influencing burns,
prevention and preventive education is important for control and reduce burns
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3472-en.pdf
Burn
Epidemiology
Mortality
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51
article
Effect of group Logotherapy education on quality of life and general health in women of sanatorium
Shayesteh Zanjiran
1
Ahmad Borjali
2
Adis Kraskian
3
Islamic Azad university, Karaj, Iran
PhD. Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad university, Karaj, Iran
PhD. Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad university, Karaj, Iran
Background:The
elderly are one of increasing social groups in the present communities which
has gained importance with respect to the age pyramid of our country. The study purpose was evaluating the
effectiveness of group logotherapy education on quality of life and general
health in women of sanatorium. Methods: The population included all elderlies
living in private sanatorium in city of Shahriar. Sample selection was via convenience
sampling. Subjects (n=24) were assigned to 2 groups. The control group (N=12)
received the usual nursing care and experimental group (N=12) participated in
the group training consisted of 10-day sessions for 5 weeks (every session, 2
hours). Effects were measured using questionnaire for quality of life in the
elderly (Lipad) and general health (GHQ-28) analysis of covariance was used for
analysis of data. Results: Results indicated a significant
difference between pretest and posttest of experimental group. Conclusion: The group logotherapy education is
effective on increasing quality of life and general health in women of
sanatorium.
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3473-en.pdf
Elderly
General health
Logotherapy
Quality of life
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article
Comparison of patients’ demand and need to receive restorative dental services
Saeideh Daryazadeh
1
Jalil Kuhpayehzadeh
2
Mehdi Hashemzadeh
3
Jila Shajari
4
Ahmad Jafari
5
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background: Survey of patients’ demand and need
to receive dental services, has a special role in providing these services and
meeting the community therapeutic needs. This study compares patients’ demand and need to
receive restorative dental services in a dental clinic in Isfahan. Methods: This was a descriptive-cross sectional study and
data gathering was by checklist. The data of identified demands and needs of
restorative dental services of
refered patients to Farhangian dental clinic chosen by non-random consecutive sampling during three
months were entered into statistical software SPSS (version 17. Chi-square test was used for data analyzing. P
<0.05 was considered as significant level. Results:
Totally
1040 patients were studied that included 603 peoples (58.2 %) were in 15-49 years age group. The most referring reason of
patients were respectively related to endodontic (24.8%), restorative and
prosthetic included 193 peoples (each 18.5 %)
and periodontics included 133 peoples (12.8%)
and the least of referring reason was oral diseases included 7 peoples (0.7 %). 1027 patients (98.75%) needed to restorative dental services
but just 195 patients (18.8%) had demand for these services (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Most people do not visit dentist until they have
tooth pain that indicate lack of knowledge of patients in role of preventive
examination and periodic controls in increasing oral health. Many patients are not aware of their dental services needs. To meet these services, patients’ demand of receiving
the services should be increased. Thus, there would be establisged a balance between the demands and real needs
of people
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3474-en.pdf
Demand
Need
Restorative dentistry
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article
Determining Factors related to health services utilization:
Soraya Nooraiee Motlagh
1
Asma Saber Mahani
2
Mohsen Barooni
3
Mohsen Asadi Lari
4
Mohamad Reza Vaez Mahdavi
5
Mohammad Hadian
6
Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background: Having knowledge about utilization
of health care services is necessary for resource allocation and scheduling in
health sector. The general consensus is that the inequality in the utilization
of health care is unjust and unfair and health care systems should ensure equal
access to health care based on need. Methods: The main objective of this study was to
identify factors influencing the utilization of health services, inpatient and
outpatient both in the public and private sectors using logit econometric models.
Domain of this study is 2011 and all regions of Tehran are considered. Urban
HEART questioners’ data was used in this research. Gathered data were analyzed and interpreted
in several stages and in the form of several logit models for inpatient
services, outpatient services and private and public services. Results: The research findings showed that in 2011,
overall 40.07% of the populations of Tehran have used outpatient health
services and 18.69% of inpatient services. The main reasons for not
utilization of outpatient services was reported existing of medicine and
self-treatment at home and after that were having no money and services expensiveness
and resolve the problem. Between reasons for not utilization of inpatient
services, having no money and services expensiveness and lack of the expertise
required for households were more important than other factors. After
estimation of logit models the income, education, employment status, insurance
and household size have been diagnosed effective on health services utilization.
Existence of patients with chronic disease in
households was the most effective factor on health care utilization in both
inpatient and outpatient service groups. Discussion: Policy makers in health sector need to
improve financial or economical access to health services, and in this regard,
the identification of households in the bottom expenditure deciles, living in
deprived regions, households with people over 60 and less than 5 years or
patient with chronic disease will be a good help for planning for increase in health
services accessibility.
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3475-en.pdf
Utilization
Health care services
Logit model
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article
The prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with type I diabetes mellitus admitted to Ali-Asghar and Hazrat-Rasool hospitals in Tehran during the years 2006 to 2011
Fahimeh Soheilipour
1
Maryam. Maryam Razaghi-Azar
2
Abolfazl Khoshlesan
3
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Background:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease co-occurred
with a high incidence of other autoimmune disorders including thyroid function
abnormalities. This study investigated the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid
disorders in patients with T1DM. Methods:
In this retrospective cross sectional study, 150 patients with T1DM aged 7 - 17
years old, admitted in Ali-Asghar and Hazrat-e-Rasool Hospitals during 2006 to
2011 were studied. The records of patients in terms of sex, age, age at onset
of diabetes, duration of diabetes, HbA1c levels of patients and thyroid
hormones T3, T4 and hormone TSH,
thyroid antibodies such as anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti -TPO) and thyroglobulin
antibodies (anti-Tg) were investigated. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 11 software. Results:
Eighty two patients (54.7%) were female and 68 (45.3%) were male and their mean
(SD) age was 11.5 ± 2.8 years. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) was
positive in 41 patients (27.3%) and thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg) in 23
patients (15.3%) and in 16 patients (10.6%) anti-TPO and anti-Tg were positive
simultaneously. Prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism (21.9%) and subclinical
hypothyroidism (7.3%) in patients with positive anti-TPO were higher than
patients with anti-TPO negative. The presence of anti-thyroid antibodies were
associated with factors, including female gender, older age, longer duration of
diabetes and higher levels of HbA1c. Conclusion:
According to high prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disorders in children with T1DM
evaluating these patients in terms of thyroid function and thyroid
auto-antibodies is suggested.
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3480-en.pdf
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Thyroid disorders
Anti thyroid peroxidase antibody
Anti-Thyroglobulin
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article
Etiology of pelvic inflammatory disease
zahra Mehraban
1
Leila Alizadeh
2
nour Amirmozafari
3
Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
Iran University of Medical Sciences ,School of Medicine Microbiology Department
Background:
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
is one of the most common infections between women during reproductive age
which is associated with major long-term complication, including tubal factor
infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. In addition, treatment
of acute PID and its sequelae impose health care costs. Prevention of these
long-term complications is dependent on clinicians having a high level of
recognition in order to make an early diagnosis and improvement of treatment
strategies based on knowledge of the microbiologic etiology of acute PID.
Methods: This is a systematic review of more than 2580 papers about the
etiology of pelvic inflammatory disease, which had been published until 2012.
Results: In most cases, PID is a polymicrobial infection and of sexually
transmitted organisms Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis
were most prevalent. Recently Mycoplasma
genitalia are known as a cause of acute PID. Treatment regimen for acute
PID should be covered a wide variety of drugs against these microorganisms. Conclusion: Determining risk factors and patients’
clinical symptoms play a vital role in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of
PID, leading a decrease in disability rate and side effects of PID.
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3483-en.pdf
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Etiology
Microorganisms
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article
Evaluating the role of gender in the etiology, demographic features and prognosis of burn patients admitted to Shahid Motahari hospital: a five-year retrospective study
Kamran Aghakhani
1
Samira Aram
2
Shahrokh Mehrpisheh
3
Azadeh Memarian
4
Rozita Hoseini
5
Mazaher Ghorbani
6
Iran University of medical sciences,Tehran,Iran
Tehran University of medical sciences,Tehran,Iran
Qazvin University of medical sciences,Qazvin,Iran
Iran University of medical sciences,Tehran,Iran
Iran University of medical sciences,Tehran,Iran
Tehran University of medical sciences,Tehran,Iran
Introduction: Burn is one of the leading causes of
disability and mortality in the world that has serious economic and social
consequences. This study aims at evaluating gender differences as an important
role in risk exposure and burn injury characteristics and prognosis of burn
patients. Methods
and Materials: In this
retrospective study we extracted the data of burn patients admitted to Shahid
Motahari hospital in Tehran from 2007 to 2012 to find about the role of gender
in the etiology, burn severity, hospitalization duration, prognosis, mortality
rates and other demographic features of the patients. Results: A total number of 7021 patients were
studied (25.9% female and 74.1% males) with the mean age 28.5 years for women
and 28.8 years for men. There was a statistically significant difference in
mortality rate, the degree and the percentage of burn, marital status,
hospitalization duration between two genders. The most common cause of burning
in women was boiling water and in men, electrical burning. The mortality
rate in women was more than men (22.3% vs.
13.6%). The degree of burn in women was often grade 2
and in men grade 3. The mean of hospitalization was longer in men however the
average of burn percentage was more in women. The number of self-burning as aد suicidal attempt was seen significantly more in women than men. Conclusion: The most common cause of burn in women
is boiling water. It seems that boiling
water due to sloping down and heat loss results
in a greater extent and lesser degree of burns. Women immunologic
situation is another cause of mortality. Considering more
self-burning in women, it seems
that psychological counseling and improving psychological attitude can result in reducing women suicidal attempts. Also
preventive education particularly during cooking and
using boiling water in women and providing conservation facilities for men in the workplace can enhance the survival
of patients after
burn in the future
studies.
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3484-en.pdf
Burn
Gender
Mortality
Demographic features
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The comparison of depression and quality of life in the obese women with different body mass indices (BMI) with the normal women residing in Tehran
Hamid Amiri
1
Ahmad Borjali
2
Faramarz Sohrabi
3
Abdolreza Pazouki
4
Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Allameh Tabataba’i University, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Allameh Tabataba’i University, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background: Obesity is a complex physical disorder caused by different
biological, psychological, and social factors. Identification of the
psychological factors and consequences of obesity is one of the main elements
of its control and treatment. The present study was carried out to compare
depression and quality of life in the obese women with different body mass
indices (BMIs) with the normal women. Methods: for each three groups of obesity 40 and in total 120 women were
selected of all the visitors of the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center
of Tehran University of Medical Sciences using convenience sampling method and
based on the BMI table in a causal-comparative design. Forty women were the
normal women sample. Instruments of the study were composed of a questionnaire
of personal information, Beck Depression Inventory (second version), and
Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36). The data were analyzed
using Multi-Variable Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), One Way Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni Post hoc test, and Pearson’s correlation
coefficient as well as the SPSS software. Results: the results suggested a significant difference between the obese
women in different levels of BMI and the normal ones concerning depression and
quality of life at p<0.001. In addition, it was revealed that there is a
significant negative difference among the obese women in different levels of
BMI concerning depression and quality of life at p<0.001.
Conclusion: Regarding the different psychological variables such as
depression in obesity, psychological interventions can be useful in the prevention,
control, and treatment of obesity as well as promotion of the patients’ quality
of life.
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3485-en.pdf
Depression
Obesity
Body Mass Index
Quality of life.