Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
مجله علوم پزشکی رازی
RJMS
Medical Sciences
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir
39
journal39
2228-7043
2228-7051
en
jalali
1401
5
1
gregorian
2022
8
1
29
5
online
1
fulltext
fa
بررسی ابعاد سرمایه اجتماعی در دانشگاههای علوم پزشکی (مطالعه موردی: مازندران)
Investigating the Dimensions of Social Capital in Medical Universities (Case Study: Mazandaran)
روانشناسی بالینی
Clinical Psychiatry
پژوهشي
Research
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:#0070c0">زمینه و هدف: </span></span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">سرمایه</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">اجتماعی،</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">یکی</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">از</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">تعیین­کننده­های</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">اجتماعی سلامت</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">است</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">که</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">توجه</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">زیادی</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">را</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">به</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">خود</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">جلب</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">نموده</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">است.</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black"> لذا در پژوهش حاضر به دنبال بررسی ابعاد سرمایه اجتماعی در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران بوده و از این طریق به گسترش مرزهای دانش موجود در این حوزه کمک می­نماید. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:#0070c0">روش کار:</span></span></span></span></b><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">این تحقیق از نظر روش، آمیخته- پیمایشی میباشد. جامعه مورد بررسی در بخش کیفی شامل ریاست دانشگاه، مدیران حوزه ریاست، ریاست و مدیران معاونت­های هشتگانه دانشگاه و ریاست نه دانشکده وابسته) دانشگاه علوم پزشکی استان مازندران به تعداد تقریبی 45 نفر بود و در بخش کمی شامل کارکنان ستاد</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black"> دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی مازندران و دانشکده­های زیرمجموعه،</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black"> به تعداد 2016 نفر بود. در بخش کیفی، نمونه­گیری به روش نمونه­گیری گلوله برفی صورت پذیرفته و 20 نفر انتخاب گردیدند و در بخش کمی، به صورت نمونه­گیری طبقه­ای نسبی چندمرحله­ای با فرمول کوکران و به تعداد 323 نفر بود. در این پژوهش با توجه به این که روش گردآوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته استفاده شد که این </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">پرسشنامه شامل دو بخش شامل سوالات عمومی و سوالات تخصصی (شامل 30 گویه) بود. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها در بخش کیفی از تکنیک دلفی</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black"> استفاده گردید و </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">بخش کمی از روش معادلات سارختاری (</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">SEM</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">) و نرم افزار </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">AMOS</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black"> استفاده شد.</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:#0070c0">یافتهها:</span></span></span></span></b><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">نتایج نشان داد که<b> </b>ضریب عاملی استاندارد بعد مشارکت در سازمان در تبیین سرمایه اجتماعی، برابر با 46/0، احساس امنیت و اعتماد برابر با 71/0، هویت برابر با 75/0، الزامات و انتظارات برابر با 65/0، همدلی با محیط کار برابر با 70/0، همکاری اجتماعی در دنیای واقعی و مجازی برابر با 75/0، بوده و مقدار </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">P-Value</span></span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">کمتر از 05/0 است</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">، نتیجه اینکه، از دیدگاه حاضرین در تحقیق، این متغیرها در تبیین سرمایه اجتماعی موثر هستند</span></span></span></span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:#0070c0">نتیجه ­گیری:</span></span></span></span></b><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">به طور کلی میتوان نتیجه گرفت که امروزه</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">سرمایه</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">اجتماعی،</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">نقشی بسیار</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">مهمتر</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">از</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">سرمایه</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">فیزیکی</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">انسانی</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">سازمان­ها</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">و جوامع</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">ایفا</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">می­کند</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">انسجام</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">بخش</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">میان</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">افراد</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">گروه­ها است و سازمان­های</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">دارای</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">سرمایه</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">اجتماعی</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">را</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">می­توان</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">سازمان­هایی</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">با پیوندهای</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">محکم،</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">هنجارها</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">باورهای</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">مشترک،</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">اعتماد</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">همکاری</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">تعریف</span></span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black">کرد.</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Mitra""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:#0070c0">Background & Aims:</span></span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">Today, the health system is experiencing uncertain conditions in developed and developing countries. These conditions have been created in developing countries due to financial instability and lack of development and achievement of health standards, and in developed countries due to lack of achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. In the last three decades, health care organizations, especially hospitals, have been transitioning from traditional to new methods. In today's world, health perspectives have a broader perspective and special attention has necessarily been paid to non-medical determinants of health. Each of these determinants, by themselves or through their influence on each other, strongly affects the state of health and causes injustices in the state of health. Social capital is one of the social determinants of health that has attracted much attention. The concept of social capital has been introduced as a multidimensional concept in the social sciences and is influential in many areas of society and has found a special place in the foundations related to development, so that some consider it a missing link in development. Arguing that people with high social capital are more inclined to live healthier and happier lives and to participate in social activities in communities. Social capital is often described as an intangible asset that can be a source of competitive advantage, value creation, and employees' desire to prioritize organizational interests over individual interests. Instead of emphasizing formal oversight and providing economic incentives, social capital increases flexibility in the organization and improves performance by emphasizing identity, organizational trust, and teamwork. Social capital is not a single issue; Rather, there are various types of categories that have two features in common; One is that they all involve an aspect of social construction, and the other is that they facilitate certain actions of the people who put them within the structure. Social capital, neither in individuals nor in the physical means of production; Rather, it is formed and developed in social relations. Social capital in fact refers to common ideals, social harmony and cohesion, trust, honesty and mutual respect of individuals towards each other, observance of values and norms and ethical principles, avoidance of any pretense in behavior. Social capital is one of the characteristics of social organizations that has been introduced to facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit and can be effective in fostering society and increasing social participation. Social capital theory describes the social resources in the workplace that enable employees to be effective in addition to influencing the resources available in the workplace. Social capital is very important for the strength of communities. In the past, many communities accepted social capital as the foundation and principle in their organizations, and social capital acted not only as the only social security network, but also as social support, which was clearly present in communities with Economic adequacy has been shown. Social capital is one of the social determinants of health that has attracted much attention. Therefore, in the present study, it seeks to study the dimensions of social capital in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and thus helps to expand the boundaries of existing knowledge in this field.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:#0070c0">Methods: </span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">This research is mixed-survey in terms of method. The study population in the qualitative section included the president of the university, managers of the department, the </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">director and managers of the eight vice-chancellors of the university and the dean of nine affiliated faculties of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, approximately 45 people, and in the quantitative part included the staff of the University of Medical Sciences. The number of health services in Mazandaran and its affiliated colleges was 2016. In the qualitative part, sampling was done by snowball sampling method and 20 people were selected and in the quantitative part, it was done by sampling multi-stage relative classes with Cochran's formula and 323 people. In this study, due to the fact that the data collection method was a researcher-made questionnaire, which consisted of two parts, including general questions and specialized questions (including 30 items). Delphi technique was used to analyze the data in the qualitative part and the structural equation method (SEM) and AMOS software were used in the quantitative part.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:#0070c0">Results:</span></span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">The results showed that the standard factor coefficient dimension of participation in the organization in explaining social capital, equal to 0.46, sense of security and trust equal to 0.71, identity equal to 0.75, requirements and expectations equal to 0.65, Empathy with the work environment is equal to 0.70, social cooperation in the real and virtual world is equal to 0.75, and the P-value is less than 0.05, the result that, from the perspective of those present in the study, these variables in explaining capital Are socially effective.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:#0070c0">Conclusion:</span></span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">In general, it can be concluded that today social capital plays a much more important role than physical and human capital in organizations and communities and is cohesive between individuals and groups and organizations with social capital. Organizations with strong ties, shared norms and beliefs, trust and cooperation can be defined.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="tab-stops:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
سرمایه اجتماعی, همدلی, همکاری اجتماعی, دانشگاههای علوم پزشکی مازندران
Social Capital, Empathy, Social Cooperation, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
53
63
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5532-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Samane
Noori Sangdehi
سمانه
نوری سنگدهی
3900319475328460066497
3900319475328460066497
No
PhD Student of Educational Management, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran
دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت آموزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ساری، ساری، ایران
Saeid
Saffarian Hamedani
سعید
صفاریان همدانی
snhrm3000@yahoo.com
3900319475328460066498
3900319475328460066498
Yes
Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran
استادیار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ساری، ساری، ایران
Maryam
Taghvaeeyazdi
مریم
تقوایی یزدی
3900319475328460066499
3900319475328460066499
No
Department of Educational Management, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad, Sari, Iran
گروه مدیریت آموزشی، واحد ساری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساری، ایران