Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
مجله علوم پزشکی رازی
RJMS
Medical Sciences
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir
39
journal39
2228-7043
2228-7051
en
jalali
1400
6
1
gregorian
2021
9
1
28
6
online
1
fulltext
fa
اثر سه هفته مکمل دهی بتاآلانین و کراتین بر پاسخ کراتین کیناز، لاکتات دهیدروژناز و لاکتات به یک جلسه تمرین شنای وامانده ساز در مردان شناگر نخبه
The effect of three weeks of β-alanine and creatine supplementation on the response of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and lactate to an exhausting swimming session in elite swimmers
فیزیولوژی ورزش
Exercise Physiology
پژوهشي
Research
<br>
<strong><span style="color:#0070c0;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">زمینه و هدف: </span></span></span></strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">مداخلات تغذیه­ای و استفاده از مکمل­های آنتیاکسیدانی می­تواند یکی از راه­های مناسب برای محافظت در برابر آسیب عضلانی ناشی از فعالیتهای ورزشی باشد.</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;"> هدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی اثر سه هفته مکمل­دهی بتاآلانین و کراتین بر پاسخ کراتین­کیناز، لاکتات دهیدروژناز و لاکتات به یک جلسه تمرین شنای وامانده­ساز در مردان شناگر نخبه بود. </span></span></span><br>
<strong><span style="color:#0070c0;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">روش کار:</span></span></span></strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;"> در این مطالعه نیمه تجربی، 21شناگر پسر نخبهی 15 تا 20سال از</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">استان فارس به­صورت هدفمند و دردسترس </span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">انتخاب و به­طور تصادفی به </span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">سه گروه 1) مصرف مکمل بتاآلانین (مقدار روزانه 2عدد قرص1500میلی­گرمی (2)، مصرف مکمل­کراتین (4 و 2 وعده کراتین منوهیدرات 5 گرمی) (3) دارونما (2 عدد کپسول حاوی آرد گندم) </span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">تقسیم شدند. </span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">در دوره مصرف مکمل، آزمودنیها تمرینات روزانه را به مدت سه روز در هفته (5/1 ساعت شنا در مسافت 1200متر) انجام دادند</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">پروتکل تمرین وامانده­ساز شنا در سه مرحله تمرینات گرم کردن، </span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">پیشرونده</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;"> و تحمل لاکتات اجرا شد. </span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">نمونه­های خونی قبل، بلافاصله، </span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">15 دقیقه </span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">و </span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">30 دقیقه پس از </span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">تمرین جمع­آوری شد. داده­ها با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس با اندازه­گیری مکرر و آزمون تعقیبی </span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">بونفرونی </span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">در سطح 05/0</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">α≤</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;"> تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;"></span></span></span></span><br>
<strong><span style="color:#0070c0;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">یافته­ها:</span></span></span></strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;"> سه هفته مصرف مکمل بتاآلانین (007/0</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">P=</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">) و کراتین (001/0</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">P=</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">) منجر به افزایش معنی­دار سطوح </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">LDH</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;"> در پاسخ به یک جلسه تمرین شنای وامانده­ساز شد. تفاوت معنی­داری در تغییرات </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">CPK</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;"> در گروههای مصرف مکمل بتاآلانین، کراتین و دارونما مشاهده نشد. مصرف مکمل­کراتین منجر به کاهش معنی­دار </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">LDH</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;"> در مردان شناگر نخبه شد (02/0</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">P=</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">). افزایش معنی­داری در سطوح لاکتات بعد از سه هفته مصرف مکمل کراتین در پاسخ به یک جلسه تمرین شنای وامانده­ساز مشاهده شد (001/0</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">P=</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">). </span></span></span><br>
<strong><span style="color:#0070c0;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">نتیجه­گیری:</span></span></span></strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;"> به­نظر می­­رسد </span>کراتین بر تثبیت غشای سلول تأثیر بیشتری دارد و</span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">مصرف</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">مکمل</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">بتاآلانین قابلیت</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">فرد</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">برای انجام</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">تمرین</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">شدیدتر</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">را افزایش</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;">می­دهد. </span></span></span>
<strong>Background & Aims:</strong> One of the consequences of intense exercise is muscle injury, pain and muscle sorenes. Symptoms of muscle injury include the appearance of intramuscular proteins in the blood and long-term decline in muscle function, decrease in strength and power, flexibility and dynamic muscle speed (1). Muscle damage is associated with the release of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes and can be measured by the release of these enzymes into the blood. Creatine kinase (CK) is a key enzyme involved in muscle cell metabolism that accelerates the conversion of creatine to phosphate or inverse. increase in this substance in the blood may be sign of muscle damage and inflammation (3). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme that is found in large quantities in the cytoplasm of all body tissues at different concentrations and in the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid or inverse in the anaerobic glycolysis pathway accelerates this reaction (3). studies have reported muscle damage by measuring CK and LDH levels during the interval between sets (4), high-intensity training (5), muscle contractions (6, 7), speed training (8) and aerobic training (9). On the other hand, exercise increases the concentration of lactate in the blood.<br>
It has been shown that nutritional interventions and the use of antioxidant supplements can be one of the best ways to protect against muscle damage caused by exercise (1). Creatine, an unnecessary dietary compound, can either come from exogenous sources such as fish or meat, or it can be produced endogenously by the body primarily in the liver. Creatine was produced by two-step process from the three amino acids arginine, glycine and methionine (15). In addition to creatine, the amino acid β-alanine is a newer supplement for those interested in professional sports. Beta-Alanine is a precursor of carnosine (β-alanine -histidine); Which can increase the concentration of carnosine in muscles (13,17). Studies have reported the benefits of beta-alanine supplementation in variety of laboratory protocols (19). Researchers are looking for ways to improve performance, prevent unwanted changes in muscle injury indexes, or at least minimize them. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of three weeks of β-alanine and creatine supplementation on the response of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and lactate to an exhausting swimming session in elite swimmers.<br>
<strong>Methods:</strong> In this semi-experimental study, 21 elite boy swimmers 15 to 20 years were selected as sample and divided into three groups: 1) supplementation of beta-allanine (daily dose of 2 tablets 1500 mg))2), supplementation of creatine (4 and 2 servings of creatine monohydrate 5 g) (3) placebo (the amount of 2 capsules containing wheat flour). During supplementation, the subjects performed their daily workouts for three days a week (1.5 hours of swimming at distance of 1200 meters) (22). The exhausting exercise protocol was performed in three stages: warming, progressive and lactate tolerance training. Blood samples were collected before, immediately, 15 and 30 minutes after training. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test at the P<0.05. <br>
<strong>Results:</strong> Three weeks the supplementation of β-alanine (P=0.007) and creatine (P=0.001) significant increase LDH levels in response to exhausting swimming session. No significant difference was observed in the CPK changes in the supplemented groups of beta-alanine, creatine and placebo. The use of creatine supplementation significantly decreases LDH in elite swimmers (P=0.02). Significant increase in lactate levels was observed after three weeks of supplementation of creatine in response to exhausting swimming session (P=0.001).<br>
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> The findings of this study were consistent with the results of Previous research (23,25,26). According to previous studies, beta-alanine supplementation is responsible for the buffer system, carnosine, antioxidant role, enzymatic regulator and calcium control in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (13,17,19). Mechanism and pattern of changes (increase) of serum total creatine kinase enzyme following aerobic training is mainly due to leakage due to energy loss and instability or damage due to peroxidation of cell membrane phospholipids (30). decreased muscle strength and dysfunction due to decreased sarcoplasmic calcium is due to continued muscle contraction and intracellular calcium accumulation and its inability to return to sarcoplasmic cells (27). increasing muscle carnosine with positive effect on muscle cell calcium increases the function of muscle contraction protein and consequently, increases the efficiency of contractile motor units (13,17,19). Therefore, due to metabolic adaptations and increased buffering capacity which is caused by the consumption of beta alanine, no significant changes in creatine kinase enzyme were observed after beta-alanine consumption.<br>
Beta-alanine is one of the supplements that athletes use to increase performance and reduce fatigue (13). Beta-alanine supplementation affects aerobic and anaerobic capacity, increases exercise intensity, improves performance, increases carnosine and histidine, changes in hydrogen ion levels in blood and reduces fatigue (13). It seems that taking beta-alanine supplementation increases ability of athletes to exercise more intensely. In general, several factors such as the period and amount of supplementation before the activity, the size and speed of absorption of supplements during the activity, the diet of the subjects before and during the study and the training status of the participants and a combination of the above factors can affect the response of the muscle injury indicators. According to the results, it seems creatine have a greater effect on cell membrane consolidation, and the use of beta-allanine supplements, increases the individual's ability to perform a more intense exercise.<br>
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آسیب عضلانی, کراتین کیناز, لاکتات دهیدروژناز, بتاآلانین, کراتین
Muscle injury, Creatine kinase, Lactate dehydrogenase, Beta-Alanine, Creatine
90
99
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5595-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Hossein
Karimzadehfard
حسین
کریم زاده فرد
h.kafard@gmail.com
3900319475328460060957
3900319475328460060957
No
Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران
Saeedeh
Shadmehri
سعیده
شادمهری
saeedehsh61@gmail.com
3900319475328460060958
3900319475328460060958
No
Department of Physical Education and Sport Science Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre-rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
واحد یادگار امام خمینی (ره) شهر ری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
Seyed Ali
Hosseini
سید علی
حسینی
alihoseini_57@miau.ac.ir
3900319475328460060959
3900319475328460060959
No
Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University
واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
Amin
Molaie
امین
مولایی
aminmolaie2335@gmail.com
3900319475328460060960
3900319475328460060960
No
University of Tehran, Kish International Campus, Kish, Iran
پردیس بین المللی کیش دانشگاه تهران، دانشگاه تهران، کیش، ایران
Nasibe
Kazemi
نسیبه
کاظمی
nasibe.kazemi@yahoo.com
3900319475328460060961
3900319475328460060961
Yes
Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران