Research code: IRCT20220808055640N1
Ethics code: IRCT20220808055640N1
Clinical trials code: IRCT20220808055640N1
Master's student in General Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Fa.C., Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran. , tvangarzahra@gmail.com
Abstract: (13 Views)
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is one of the most common disorders among those referred to psychological and psychiatric treatment centers which have irreversible consequences if left untreated. The aim of this study was to the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on emotional regulation problems and spitefulness in adolescents with ODD. MBCT is a modified form of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) which includes mindfulness techniques. Researchers have now recognized the role of emotion regulation and spitefulness in the development and maintenance of various types of mental disorders. Targeting vulnerabilities such as emotion regulation and spitefulness that are present in disorders such as oppositional defiant disorder in adolescents should be a priority for new treatment approaches in this group of patients. A variety of approaches have been used to treat oppositional defiant disorder, one of which is cognitive behavioral therapy (Katzman et al., 2018). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a modified form of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that incorporates elements of mindfulness. Mindfulness has been gaining attention in the West since the 1970s, and since then, more than 240 mindfulness-based programs have been conducted in North America and Europe (Kayon, 2011). Emotion regulation (another variable in the research) includes all conscious and unconscious strategies used to increase, maintain, and decrease the emotional, behavioral, and cognitive components of an emotional response (Garnevsky et al., 2001). According to research by Hayes and Feldman (2004), mindfulness training is a growing clinical intervention for enhancing emotion regulation. On the other hand, spitefulness (another variable in the study) is an important global phenomenon in interpersonal relationships (Elshat et al., 2015) and, according to DSM5, is one of the main criteria for diagnosing "oppositional defiant disorder."
Method
This study was a quasi-experimental study using a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all adolescents with "oppositional defiant disorder" who were referred to government and non-government psychological treatment and counseling centers in Shiraz in the autumn of 2024. Through purposive sampling, 30 adolescents were divided into two equal groups: "MBCT" and "control". The research instruments included: the Self-Report Scale of Adolescent Behavior Problems (YSR) by Echtenbach (1978); the Child and Adolescent Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ-CA); and the Scale of Revenge Tendencies by Flores-Camacho et al. (2022) (BSVT-11). Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data.
Results
The findings showed that the use of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is effective in improving emotional regulation and reducing spitefulness in adolescents. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to examine research hypotheses. Before conducting this test, a multivariate analysis of variance test was first conducted to compare the variables of emotional regulation and spitefulness in the pre-test phase in the experimental and control groups, to ensure that there was no difference in the pre-test variables in the two groups. The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of the emotional regulation dimensions (reappraisal and suppression) of the MBCT treatment group and the control group were calculated in the pre-test and post-test stages.
Conclusion
The use of "mindfulness-based cognitive therapy" is a useful treatment in targeting emotional regulation problems and spitefulness in adolescents with "oppositional defiant disorder." One of the important elements in Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is "mindfulness." Investigating how mindfulness affects "emotional regulation" has been the subject of much research in the past and today, all of which are consistent with the results of the present study. In explaining this research finding that MBCT led to a significant reduction in spitefulness in adolescents with ODD, it must be acknowledged that the mechanisms underlying this therapeutic approach, and especially the mindfulness elements present in MBCT, led to this therapeutic response.
Method
This study was a quasi-experimental study using a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all adolescents with "oppositional defiant disorder" who were referred to government and non-government psychological treatment and counseling centers in Shiraz in the autumn of 2024. Through purposive sampling, 30 adolescents were divided into two equal groups: "MBCT" and "control". The research instruments included: the Self-Report Scale of Adolescent Behavior Problems (YSR) by Echtenbach (1978); the Child and Adolescent Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ-CA); and the Scale of Revenge Tendencies by Flores-Camacho et al. (2022) (BSVT-11). Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data.
Results
The findings showed that the use of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is effective in improving emotional regulation and reducing spitefulness in adolescents. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to examine research hypotheses. Before conducting this test, a multivariate analysis of variance test was first conducted to compare the variables of emotional regulation and spitefulness in the pre-test phase in the experimental and control groups, to ensure that there was no difference in the pre-test variables in the two groups. The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of the emotional regulation dimensions (reappraisal and suppression) of the MBCT treatment group and the control group were calculated in the pre-test and post-test stages.
Conclusion
The use of "mindfulness-based cognitive therapy" is a useful treatment in targeting emotional regulation problems and spitefulness in adolescents with "oppositional defiant disorder." One of the important elements in Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is "mindfulness." Investigating how mindfulness affects "emotional regulation" has been the subject of much research in the past and today, all of which are consistent with the results of the present study. In explaining this research finding that MBCT led to a significant reduction in spitefulness in adolescents with ODD, it must be acknowledged that the mechanisms underlying this therapeutic approach, and especially the mindfulness elements present in MBCT, led to this therapeutic response.
Keywords: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, emotional regulation, resentment, oppositional defiant disorder
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Clinical Psychiatry
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